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Answering the Question: How Can Music (and Some of the Arts) Be Sad?
https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/150552
title: Answering the Question: How Can Music (and Some of the Arts) Be Sad? abstract: This paper seeks to explain how music can be sad and how music is different from poetry and from painting in terms of one's experience of sadness in an artwork. Expression theorists like John Dewey believe that music is expressive of emotions because it stems from the spontaneous overflow of the artist's inner turmoil. That is, music, per se, has the power to make the listener, say, sad. On the other hand, projection theorists like Stephen Davies maintain that the listener experiences a piece of music as sad because s/he projects his/her sadness onto it or recognises the property of sadness in it. Although nowadays widely considered more valid than the expression theory, the projection theory has been refined by several critics. Jerrod Levinson, for instance, maintains that, in order to recognise or experience the emotions in music, the listener needs to be "appropriately backgrounded" and to listen to music in its (socio-historical and/or intellectual) context. Convincing as it seems, Levinson's notion of an "appropriately backgrounded" audience, I shall argue, applies to poetry better than to music in general, in that poetry, owing to being verbally mediated, must greatly involve the reader's cognitive mediation for him/her to infer the emotions in it.
<br>華語「知道類」近義詞之習得順序
https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/150347
title: 華語「知道類」近義詞之習得順序 abstract: 本文比較「知道類」心理動詞「知道」、「懂」、「了解」、「明白」差異, 並探討華語二語學習者的習得順序與偏誤。首先採取 Huang 等人 (2000) 的「動詞語意表達模式」 (Module-Attribute Representation of Verbal Semantics, MARVS), 分析四個心理動詞語意屬性、搭配類型與句法功能後, 邀請 16 位華語母語人士及 16 位華語為第二語言的外籍學生完成「知道類」近義詞測驗。研究發現, 四個心理動詞按成績由高至低依序為「知道」、「懂」、「了解」、「明白」, 符合訊息處理難易度。在偏誤部分, 「明白」的偏誤最多, 就常誤用為「知道」。此外, 「懂」與「了解」意思相近, 常出現相互誤代情形。
<br>Deverbální jmenné predikáty v konstrukcích se slovesem dělat v češtině z mezijazykové perspektivy
https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/149330
title: Deverbální jmenné predikáty v konstrukcích se slovesem dělat v češtině z mezijazykové perspektivy abstract: This study introduces a cross-linguistic investigation of Do-constructions in Chinese, Russian and Czech, focusing especially on Do-construction strategies in Czech. The DO-construction in this study refers to a predicate-argument structure comprising the light verb ‘to do’, and a predicate deverbal noun, which is a noun derived from a verb or verbal phrase. Chinese, Russian and Czech align in manifesting a cross-language functional construal where predication rests upon the semantic content of the accusative argument denoting action events that are of interest in communication. A corpus analysis of the linguistic properties of the constructions across speaking and writing attested that Do-constructions in Chinese are more productive than those of Russian and Czech. However, the corpus data also show that the light uses of the Czech verb ‘to do’ are predominant compared with its full uses. Therefore, this study further focuses on one of the light uses of the Czech verb ‘to do’, which is with predicate deverbal nouns.
<br>Introduction: The Pragmatics of Social Media
https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/149332
title: Introduction: The Pragmatics of Social Media