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    政大典藏 > Journal of NCCU > Issue 54 > Journal Articles >  Item 140.119/102455
    Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/102455


    Title: 華夏管理思想溯源--先秦時代社會背景
    Other Titles: The Origin of Chinese Management Thought -- ";Social Environmental Conditions of Ancient China (1520B.C.-220B.C.)"
    Authors: 田長模 
    Tien, Chang-mo
    Contributors: 企管系
    Date: 1986-12
    Issue Date: 2016-09-30 15:25:16 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 先秦時代之管理思想,自以行政管理思想為主。當代社會環境對於此型思想之型成想有關聯。現就本文以史家公信之上古史料,自管理學觀點分析研究結果,綜述如次:1.中庸之道,及以和平協商為主之管理理念,或源起於傳說中大禹治水之集體抗拒天災水利工程作業,此型作業當屬於一種目標明顯,能為眾信之作業。2.商代為家族觀念代代加強,統治集權程度加深時代,社會開始層級化。一般行政作業,除由王者親自主持之游耕,或對生產力提昇有助益外,乏善可陳,為先秦學者所不稱許之一代。3.西周以弱克強,遂有天意之說,統治仍似協商為主。但家族獨佔型態,一如商代並刻意與以強化,因而提倡禮治,以為維繫社會秩序手段。取北守南政方式,逐年擴張,終達成中土文化之一統。其政績為儒家所稱許,為儒家重視禮樂主因。4.儒家推崇西周政治,並以之為模式,其中心行政管理思想為:家族為主之社會層級分化,治者與生產者分工,有層級的平等,重視農業但無效率觀念。以禮治國,以孝齊家,重視教育。5.道家始於春秋時之隱者,為最合於近代科學思想之學派。無迷信觀念,因而不以周代為理想治世。由於有絕平等思想,對行政制度之評估,雖未免失於欠實際,但確與近代管理思想效率觀相符。所倡世事循迴理論,足為近代管理者引為重要長程規劃基礎,亦與管理學之力求「平衡」觀點相符。
    Relation: 國立政治大學學報, 54,113-150
    Data Type: article
    Appears in Collections:[Issue 54] Journal Articles

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