政大機構典藏-National Chengchi University Institutional Repository(NCCUR):Item 140.119/111712
English  |  正體中文  |  简体中文  |  Post-Print筆數 : 27 |  Items with full text/Total items : 109951/140892 (78%)
Visitors : 46203066      Online Users : 703
RC Version 6.0 © Powered By DSPACE, MIT. Enhanced by NTU Library IR team.
Scope Tips:
  • please add "double quotation mark" for query phrases to get precise results
  • please goto advance search for comprehansive author search
    •  Adv. Search
    Home ‧ Login ‧ Upload ‧ Help ‧ About ‧ Administer Goto mobile version


    Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/111712


    Title: 回應綠色債券之正當性危機—— 以世界銀行環境與社會框架為中心
    Response to the Legitimacy Crisis of Green Bond ─ Focus on World Bank Environmental and Social Framework
    Authors: 李建歡
    Li, Chien Huan
    Contributors: 施文真
    李建歡
    Li, Chien Huan
    Keywords: 綠色債券
    綠色債券原則
    世界銀行
    環境與社會框架
    環境風險
    Green bond
    Green bond principles
    World bank
    Environmental and social framework
    Environmental risks
    Date: 2017
    Issue Date: 2017-08-10 09:39:48 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 近年綠色債券作為新興的金融工具，因各國對於綠色經濟轉型之需求漸增備受矚目。在各界的推波助瀾下，綠色債券從2014年開始爆發式地成長。快速成長的過程中，投資人開始質疑綠色債券是否確實能帶來環境之正面效益，近兩年更開始擔憂其投資過程中反而造成了環境的負面外部性。此一質疑撼動了綠色債券存在之正當性，並成為其在未來成長必然的阻力。本文整理了截至2017年7月綠色債券之市場發展以及發行綠色債券的基本要件，並發現目前市場對於綠色債券環境負面外部性的關注漸增，但卻無相應的市場機制。
    鑑此，本文透過世界銀行之經驗與其在2016年所頒布之「環境與社會框架」作為參考，檢討不同之發債者，如何能透過程序面之管理，避免或最小化環境之負面外部性，並給予金融機構、政府機構與一般企業在發債時之建議，並將建議統整為給予綠色債券原則修正之建議。最後，針對我國櫃買中心2017年4月所頒布之「綠色債券作業要點」進行評述。
    In recent years, “green bond”, a novel financial instrument, has received gaining attention from capital market due to the increasing demand for green transition. Under the promotion from international community, green bond has experienced explosive growth. Despite the high speed growth, investors’ worries about whether green bonds could bring environmental positive effect, or even environmental negative effect in recent one or two years. This question shaked the legitimacy of the need for green bond’s existence, and necessarily deters the future development and market expansion of green bond. This thesis inquired into the green bond market and relevant mechanism until July 2017, and found out that little efforts has been put onto the possibility of negative externality avoidance and mitigation despite the increasing attention.
    Hence, this thesis sorted out the environmental management measures from Environmental and Social Framework of World Bank, in order to provide advice to different issuers, including financial institutions, governments, and corporations. Based on the reccomendations, this thesis would also provide advice to Green Bond Principles. At last, the thesis would evaluate Green Bond Operating Direction in TPEx, which was approved in April 2017.
    Reference: 中文部分
    1. 專書
    李存修、葉銀華，「金融市場概述」，《台灣資本市場之發展》，頁3-5，2014年，財團法人台灣金融研訓院。
    李怡庭，「金融危機」，《貨幣銀行與金融市場》，頁434，2012年。
    段家誠，《世界銀行與NGOs：終止納瑪達水壩計畫中的倡議型NGO影響力》，群學出版社，2014年。
    2. 期刊
    葉保強，「企業社會責任的發展與國家角色」，《應用倫理研究通訊》，第41期，2007年2月，第37頁。
    3. 其他
    中華人民共和國國家發展和改革委員會，綠色債券發展指引，2016，第1頁。
    財團法人中華民國證券櫃檯買賣中心綠色債券作業要點總說明。
    日月光集團，綠色債券，網址：http://www.aseglobal.com/en/Csr_c/GreenBond.asp。
     
    西文部分
    1. 專書
    David Milobsky & Louis Galambos, The McNamara Bank and Its Legacy, 1968-1987, BUSINESS AND ECONOMIC HISTORY, Vol. 24, No. 2, 167, at 173-181, available at https://www.thebhc.org/sites/default/files/beh/BEHprint/v024n2/p0167-p0196.pdf.
    Ibrahim Shihata, THE WORLD BANK INSPECTION PANEL, Oxford University Press, at 9-11, 22-24, available at http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/967841468764401525/pdf/multi-page.pdf.
    Nicholas Stern, 2007, STERN REVIEW: THE ECONOMICS OF CLIMATE CHANGE, at 25.
    John Warren Head, LOSING THE GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT WAR: A CONTEMPORARY CRITIQUE OF THE IMF, THE WORLD BANK, AND THE WTO 205-225 (BRILL 2008).
    Thomas Blinkhorn & William Smith, India’s Narmada: River of Hope, Toward Sustainable Development? Struggle Over India’s Narmada River, M.E. Sharpe, 1995, at 92-93.
    T.R Berger, "The World Bank`s Independent Review of India`s Sardar Sarovar Projects," 1993, 9 American Uniwrty Journal of Int’l Law and Policy 33.
    United Nations Development Programme, NGOs And CSOs: A Note On Terminology, WORKING WITH CIVIL SOCIETY IN FOREIGN AID: POSSIBILITIES FOR SOUTH-SOUTH COOPERATION?, Aug. 2013, at 123-125, available at http://www.cn.undp.org/content/china/en/home/library/south-south-cooperation/working-with-civil-society-in-foreign-aid.html.
    World Bank, INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT REQUIREMENTS AND PROCEDURES FOR WORLD BANK-FINANCED PROJECTS, World Bank Jan. 1997, at 8-9, available at http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/479901468174250106/pdf/multi0page.pdf.
    Zhuo Xian & Zhang Liping, A Framework for Green Finance: Making Clear Waters and Green Mountains China’s Gold and Silver, GREENING CHINA’S FINANCIAL SYSTEM, INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, 39, available at http://unepinquiry.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/greening-chinas-financial-system-chapter-1.pdf.
    2. 期刊與草稿
    Bridgeman, Natalie Laura, World Bank Reform in the "Post-Policy" Era, 13 GEORGETOWN INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW REVIEW, 1013, at 1037 2001.
    Daniel Nielson & Michael Tierney, Delegation to International Organizations: Agency Theory and World Bank Environmental Reform, 2003, 57 INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION, 241, at 253-271.
    Ian Bowles & Cyril Kormos, Environmental Reform at The World Bank: The Role Of The U.S. Congress, 35 Va. J. Int’l. 777, at 778.
    Jonathan Sanford, U.S. Policy Toward the Multilateral Development Banks: The Role of Congress, 1988 geo. Wash. J. Int’l l. & Econ. 1.
    M.J. Peterson et al., Narmada Dams Controversy – Case Summary, International Dimensions of Ethics Education in Science And Engineering Case Study Series, at 12 &25, Sep. 2010, available at http://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?Article=1015&context=edethicsinscience.
    Ngaire Woods, Making the IMF and the World Bank More Accountable, 2001, 77 International Affairs, at 83.
    Oren Perez, The New Universe of Green Finance: From Self-Regulation to Multi-Polar Governance, BAR-ILAN UNIVERSITY PUBLIC LAW AND LEGAL THEORY, Feb. 12, 2007, 5, available at http://www.biu.ac.il/law/unger/working_papers/1-07.pdf.
    Robert Wade, Greening The Bank: The Struggle Over the Environment, 1970-1995, THE WORLD BANK: ITS FIRST HALF CENTURY, vol. 2, 2002, 611, at 620-629.
    3. 機構報告
    Annica Cochu et. al, Study On the Potential of Green Bond Finance For Resource-Efficient Investments, EUROPEAN COMMISSION, Nov. 2016, at 85-87, available at http://ec.europa.eu/environment/enveco/pdf/potential-green-bond.pdf.
    Bank Information Center, Jan. 2013, Tools for Activists: An Information and Advocacy Guide to The World Bank Group, at 2-4, available at http://www.bankinformationcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/tools+for+activists-+wbg.pdf.
    BIS Quarterly Review, Recent BIS publications, June 2016, available at https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/08/here-s-why-the-green-bond-market-is-set-to-keep-growing/.
    Black Rock Inc., 2016, Adapting Portfolios to Climate Change: Implications And Strategies For All Investors, available at https://www.blackrock.com/investing/literature/whitepaper/bii-climate-change-2016-us.pdf.
    Bloomberg Philanthropies, 2015, Green Bonds: Mobilizing The Debt Capital Markets for A Low-Carbon Transition, https://www.oecd.org/environment/cc/Green%20bonds%20PP%20[f3]%20[lr].pdf.
    Bloomberg, Global Fixed Income League Tables Q1 2017, 2017, at 3, available at https://data.bloomberglp.com/professional/sites/10/Bloomberg-League-Global-Fixed-Income.pdf.
    Bloomberg Philanthropies, 2015, Green Bonds: Mobilizing The Debt Capital Markets for A Low-Carbon Transition, at 10, available at https://www.oecd.org/environment/cc/Green%20bonds%20PP%20[f3]%20[lr].pdf.
    Cameron Allen & Stuart Clouth, A Guidebook to The Green Economy, UN Division for Sustainable Development, Aug. 2012, 5-6, available at https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/GE%20Guidebook.pdf.
    Carmen Malena, Working with NGOs: A Practical Guide to Operational Collaboration Between the World Bank and Non-Governmental Organization, NGO unit, Washington D.C.: world bank, 1995, at 14-15, available at http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/814581468739240860/pdf/multi-page.pdf.
    Center of International Climate Research, 2016, Green Bonds and Environmental Integrity: Insights from CICERO Second Opinions, available at https://www.environmental-finance.com/assets/files/research/11-05-16-cicero.pdf.
    Center for International Climate and Environmental Research, Framework for CICERO’s ‘Second Opinions’ on Green Bond Investments, at 2, available at http://www.cicero.uio.no/file/2/CICERO%20Second%20Opinion%20Framework%20280416.pdf/do.
    Center for International Climate and Environmental Research, ‘Second Opinion’ on World Bank’s Green Bond framework, May, 2015, at 2-6, available at http://treasury.worldbank.org/cmd/pdf/CICERO-second-opinion.pdf.
    Center for International Climate and Environmental Research, ‘Second Opinion’ on IFC’s Green Bond Framework, at 4, available at https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/bcee33804ab6827f8003cde9e68d4b0b/IFC+Final+version+2nd+Opinion+November+23.pdf?MOD=AJPERES.
    Climate Bonds Initiative, Bonds and Climate Change: The State of the Market in 2016, at 6, available at https://www.climatebonds.net/files/files/reports/cbi-hsbc-state-of-the-market-2016.pdf.
    Climate Bonds Initiative, Green Bonds Highlights 2016, Jan. 2017, available at https://www.climatebonds.net/files/files/2016%20GB%20Market%20Roundup.pdf.
    Environmental Finance, 2017, Green Bond Guidance.
    Ernest & Young, Climate Change the Investment Perspective, 2016, http://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/EY-climate-change-and-investment/$FILE/EY-climate-change-and-investment.pdf.
    European Investment Bank, 2017, Climate Awareness Bond Strategy & Factsheet, http://www.eib.org/attachments/fi/eib-cab-factsheet.pdf.
    European Investment Bank, EIB Climate Awareness Bond 2012 update, https://www.climatebonds.net/files/uploads/2012/11/EIB_CLIMATE_AWARENESS_2012.pdf.
    Eurosif, Eurosif Green Bonds Policy Seminar How can the European Capital Markets Union Harness The Potential of Green Bonds?, Sep. 2015, available at http://www.eurosif.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Green-Bond-summary-note-24.09-1.pdf.
    Global Sustainable Investment Alliance, 2014 Global Sustainable Investment Review, Feb. 2015, 6, available at http://www.gsi-alliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/GSIA_Review_download.pdf.
    Group of 20 Green Finance Study Group, G20 Green Finance Synthesis Report, Sep. 3, 2016, 3, available at http://unepinquiry.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Synthesis_Report_Full_EN.pdf.
    Igor Shishlov, Sep. 29, 2016, Sovereign Green Bonds: A Symbolic Act Or A Binding Commitment?, Ideas for Development, http://ideas4development.org/en/sovereign-green-bonds/.
    Institute for Climate Economic, June 2016, Beyond Transparency: Unlocking The Full Potential of Green Bonds, http://www.i4ce.org/wp-core/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/I4CE_Green_Bonds.pdf.
    International Capital Market Association, Green Bonds: Working Towards a Harmonized Framework for Impact Reporting, Dec. 2015, available at https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/f932dc004ad996538a1fea4fb4720a61/Updated+logo+FINALPROPOSALIRH+CLEAN.pdf?MOD=AJPERES.
    Jakob Schaefer, 2011, Green Finance an Innovative Approach to Fostering Sustainable Economic Development and Adaptation to Climate Change, DEUTSCHE GESELLSCHAFT FÜR INTERNATIONALE ZUSAMMENARBEIT (GIZ), at 4-5, available at http://www.greengrowthknowledge.org/sites/default/files/downloads/resource/Green_finance_GIZ.pdf.
    Jochen von Bernstorff & Philipp Dam, Reforming the World Bank’s Safeguards: A Comparative Legal Analysis, July 2013.
    KPMG, Green Bond Process, 1, Mar. 2016, available at https://assets.kpmg.com/content/dam/kpmg/pdf/2016/04/green-bonds-process.pdf.
    KPMG Huazhen LLP, Green Bond, The Process, Mar. 26, at 2, available at https://assets.kpmg.com/content/dam/kpmg/pdf/2016/04/green-bonds-process.pdf.
    KPMG International Cooperative, Gearing up for green bonds, Key considerations for bond issuers, at 6, https://assets.kpmg.com/content/dam/kpmg/pdf/2015/03/gearing-up-for-green-bonds-v1.pdf.
    Moody’s Investor Service, Green Bonds Assessment, available at https://www.amwa.net/sites/default/files/GBA%20Methodology-final-30march2016.pdf (last visited 2017/4/26).
    Nannette Lindenberg, Apr. 2014, Definition of Green Finance, DEUTSCHES INSTITUT FÜR ENTWICKLUNGSPOLITIK, at 1, available at https://www.die-gdi.de/uploads/media/Lindenberg_Definition_green_finance.pdf.
    OECD et al., Green Bonds: Country Experiences, Barriers and Options, Sep. 2016, at 19, available at http://unepinquiry.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/6_Green_Bonds_Country_Experiences_Barriers_and_Options.pdf.
    Rita Zona et al., Sustainable/Green Insurance Products, at 1-2, available at https://www.casact.org/pubs/forum/14wforum/Zona_Roll_Law.pdf.
    Robert Wade, Boulevard of Broken Dreams: The Inside Story of the World Bank’s Polonoroeste Road Project In Brazil’s Amazon, Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change And The Environment, Aug. 2011, at 5, available at http://www.lse.ac.uk/granthaminstitute/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/wp55_world-bank-road-project-brazil.pdf.
    Rohini Tendulkar & Gigi Hancock, 2014, Corporate Bond Markets: A Global Perspective, available at http://www.csrc.gov.cn/pub/csrc_en/affairs/AffairsIOSCO/201404/P020140416491216873317.pdf.
    Sustainalytics, Feb. 2016, Apple Inc. Green Bond: Framework Overview and Second-Party Opinion by Sustainalytics, at 6-8, available at http://www.sustainalytics.com/sites/default/files/apple_green_bond_framework_and_opinion_-_16-02-2016.pdf.
    The University of Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership (CISL), Unhedgeable Risk How Climate Change Sentiment Impacts Investment, http://www.cisl.cam.ac.uk/publications/publication-pdfs/unhedgeable-risk.pdf.
    The Voice of Business at the OECD, Green Finance: Key Business Considerations for Financing a Sustainable and Low-Carbon Economy, June 2016, at 4, available at http://biac.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/16-06-Final-BIAC-Paper-on-Green-Finance3.pdf.
    Torsten Ehlers & Frank Packer, Green Bond – Certification, shades of green bad environmental risks, Bank of International Settlements, UNEP, 2016, at 4-6, http://unepinquiry.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/12_Green_Bonds_Certification_Shades_of_Green_and_Environmental_Risks.pdf.
    United Nations Environment Programme Finance Initiative, Green Financial Products and Services: Current Trends and Future Opportunities in North America, 2007, 36-37, available at http://www.unepfi.org/fileadmin/documents/greenprods_01.pdf.
    World Bank, Non-Governmental Organizations and Civil Society Engagement in World Bank Supported Projects: Lesson from OED Evaluations: Lesson and Practices No. 18, Washington, DC: Operations Evaluation Department, 2002.
    World Bank, Issues and Options for Improving Engagement Between the World Bank and Civil Society Organizations, Washington, Dc: External Affairs, Communications and United Operations Policy and Country Services Network, at 5-6.
    World Bank, The Inspection Panel at the World Bank: Operating Procedures, April 2014, at 4, available at http://ewebapps.worldbank.org/apps/ip/PanelMandateDocuments/2014%20Updated%20Operating%20Procedures.pdf.
    World Bank Treasury, What are Green Bonds?, at 24, available at http://treasury.worldbank.org/cmd/pdf/What_are_Green_Bonds.pdf.
    4. 網頁資料
    Andrew Bolger, Index launched for green bond growth, FINANCIAL TIMES, Nov. 13, 2014, https://www.ft.com/content/7eac5f50-6b2e-11e4-ae52-00144feabdc0.
    Climate Bond Initiative, Labelled Green Bond Data, https://www.climatebonds.net/cbi/pub/data/bonds.
    Climate Bonds Initiative, Approved Verifiers under the Climate Bonds Standard, https://www.climatebonds.net/standards/assurance/approved-verifiers.
    Climate Bond Initiative, Climate Bonds Standard v. 2.1, at 3, available at https://www.climatebonds.net/files/files/Climate%20Bonds%20Standard%20v2_1%20-%20January_2017(1).pdf.
    Climate Bond Initiative, Green Issuers, at https://www.climatebonds.net/market/green-issuers
    Climate Bond Initiative, Investor Appetite, https://www.climatebonds.net/market/investor-appetite.
    Climate Bonds Initiative, Taxonomy, https://www.climatebonds.net/standards/taxonomy (last visited 2017/6/26).
    Environmental Finance, Best underwriter: SSA - Credit Agricole, Apr. 11, 2017, https://www.environmental-finance.com/content/awards/green-bond-awards-2017/winners/best-underwriter-ssa-credit-agricole.html.
    Environmental Finance, Biggest Underwriter, Best underwriter: Corporate and Best underwriter: Municipal - Bank of America Merrill Lynch, Apr. 11, 2017, https://www.environmental-finance.com/content/awards/green-bond-awards-2017/winners/biggest-underwriter-bank-of-america-merrill-lynch.html.
    Environmental Finance, Best underwriter: SSA - Credit Agricole, Apr. 11, 2017, https://www.environmental-finance.com/content/awards/green-bond-awards-2017/winners/best-underwriter-ssa-credit-agricole.html.
    Sophia Grene, The dark side of green bonds, FINANCIAL TIMES, June 14, 2015, https://www.ft.com/content/16bd9a48-0f76-11e5-b968-00144feabdc0.
    Mark Gunther, Can Green Bonds Bankroll A Clean Energy Revolution?, Nov. 24, 2014, YALE ENVIRONMETN 360, http://e360.yale.edu/features/can_green_bonds_bankroll_a_clean_energy_revolution.
    Myrian Robin, Green is the new black: ESG investors turn to green bonds to meet mandates, THE SYDNEY MORNING HERALD, Apr. 9, 2017, http://www.smh.com.au/business/markets/green-is-the-new-black-esg-investors-turn-to-green-bonds-to-meet-mandates-20170404-gvd2v6.html.
    Patricia Espinosa & Agustín Carstens, Paris will Soon Enter into Force: Now we Need to Move the Money, Oct. 7, 2016, http://newsroom.unfccc.int/unfccc-newsroom/the-paris-agreement-will-soon-enter-into-force-now-we-need-to-move-the-money/.
    Sean Kidney, Dec. 15, 2016, Poland wins race to issue first green sovereign bond. A new era for Polish climate policy?, Climate Bonds Initiative, https://www.climatebonds.net/2016/12/poland-wins-race-issue-first-green-sovereign-bond-new-era-polish-climate-policy.
    Susanna Rust, ESG: Green bonds get G20 boost, Investment & Pension Europe, Oct. 2016, https://www.ipe.com/investment/esg/esg-green-bonds-get-g20-boost/10015438.article.
    United Nations, Global investors mobilize action in wake of Paris Climate Agreement, Jan. 27, 2016, http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/blog/2016/01/global-investors-mobilize-action-in-wake-of-paris-climate-agreement/.
    United Nation Development Programme, Financing Solutions for Sustainable Development, http://www.undp.org/content/sdfinance/en/home/solutions/green-bonds.html.
    VanEck, What Does the Green Bond Index Look Like?, Market Realist, May 31, 2017, http://marketrealist.com/2017/05/green-bond-index-look-like/
    World Bank, Boards of Directors, http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/leadership/directors.
    World Bank, Voting Power, http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/leadership/votingpowers.
    World bank, Who Are We?, http://www.worldbank.org/en/who-we-are.
    World Bank Group: International Financial Corporation, Climate Change to Affect Investment Returns, Study Says, http://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/news_ext_content/ifc_external_corporate_site/news+and+events/news/climate-change-to-affect-investment-returns.
    5. 官方文件（包含綠色債券原則、世界銀行政策、美國國會資料、公開信件等官方一手文件）
    African Development Bank, Green Bonds Framework: Portfolio Selection, Allocation of Proceeds and Monitoring, at 3-4, available at https://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Publications/Green-bond.pdf.
    Asian Development Bank, Green Bond Framework, at 1-2, available at https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/adb-green-bonds-framework.pdf.
    Alnoor Ebrahim & Steve Herz, Accountability In Complex Organizations: World Bank Response to Civil Society, KSG working paper No. RWP07-060, Oct. 2007, at 4, available at https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?Abstract_id=963135.
    Bank Track, Open letter on the 2015 update of the Green Bond Principles, available at https://www.icmagroup.org/assets/documents/Regulatory/Green-Bonds/150430-Open-Letter-to-Green-Bond-Principles.pdf.
    Development Credit Agreement No.1553-IN, and Loan Agreement -No. 2497-IN.
    Equator Principles, June 2013, available at http://www.equator-principles.com/resources/equator_principles_III.pdf (last visited 2017/7/19).
    Govtrack, H.R. 2494 (101st): International Development and Finance Act of 1989, https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/101/hr2494.
    Independent Evaluation Group, Safeguards and Sustainability Policies in a Changing World, 2010, at xxi-xxiii, available at http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTSAFANDSUS/Resources/Safeguards_eval.pdf.
    International Bank for Reconstruction and Development International Development Association, The World Bank Inspection Panel, IBRD 93-10 & IDA 93-6, available at http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTINSPECTIONPANEL/Resources/ResolutionMarch2005.pdf.
    International Capital Market Association, Green Bond Principles, available at https://www.icmagroup.org/assets/documents/Regulatory/Green-Bonds/GreenBondsBrochure-JUNE2017.pdf.
    International Capital Market Association, Membership, https://www.icmagroup.org/membership/.
    International Capital Market Association, Principles membership, https://www.icmagroup.org/Regulatory-Policy-and-Market-Practice/green-social-and-sustainability-bonds/principles-membership/.
    Michael Cernea, India: Narmada-Sardar Sarovar Dam Project Appraisal of Resettlement, World Bank, Office Memorandum, SP. 1983, at 1.
    OECD, Recommendation on Common Approaches on Environment and Officially Supported Export Credits, ¶ 12.1, available at https://www.oecd.org/newsroom/21684464.pdf (last visited 2017/7/19).
    Ravi Hemadri et al., Dams, Displacement, Policy and Law in India, World Bank, Vlaeberg, Cape Town: World Commission On Dams, http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTINVRES/214578-1112885441548/20480074/DamsDisplacementPolicyandLawinIndiasoc213.pdf.
    Rukuba Ngaiza et al., Public Consultation In Environmental Assessments 1997-2000: Findings From The Third Environmental Assessment Review, Washington, DC: The World Bank. Environment Department Paper no. 87.
    United Nation, The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, principle 8 & 16.
    World Bank, OP 4.01, THE WORLD BANK OPERATIONAL MANUAL, Jan. 1999.
    World Bank, Action Plan: Improving the Management of Safeguards and Resettlement Practices and Outcomes, March 4, 2015, available at http://pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/71481425483119932/action-plan-safeguards-resettlement.pdf.
    World Bank, ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL FRAMEWORK, 2017, DC: World Bank, Overview of the World Bank Environmental and Social Framework, para. 2, available at http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/383011492423734099/pdf/114278-WP-PUBLIC-13-4-2017-11-23-38-EnvironmentalandSocialFrameworkWeb.pdf.
    World Bank, Fact Sheet: The World Bank’s New Environmental and Social Framework, Aug. 2016, at 1, available at http://pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/748391470327541124/SafeguardsFactSheetenglishAug42016.pdf.
    World Bank, THE WORLD BANK OPERATIONS MANUAL, at 1-6, available at http://siteresources.worldbank.org/OPSMANUAL/Resources/EntireOM_External.pdf.
    World Bank, The World Bank’s Safeguard Policies Proposed Review and Update, Oct. 10, 2012, at 3, available at https://consultations.worldbank.org/Data/hub/files/consultation-template/review-and-update-world-bank-safeguard-policies/en/phases/safeguardsreviewapproachpaper.pdf.
    World Bank, Review and Update of the World Bank’s Safeguard Policies, July, 2015, at v, available at https://consultations.worldbank.org/Data/hub/files/consultation-template/review-and-update-world-bank-safeguard-policies/en/materials/consultation_paper_for_es_framework_second_draft_for_consultation_july_1_2015_0.pdf.
    World Bank, Review and Update of the World Bank’s Safeguard Policies, Aug. 2016, at 57, available at https://consultations.worldbank.org/data/hub/files/consultation-template/review-and-update-world-bank-safeguard-policies/en/materials/board_paper_for_es_framework_third_draft_for_disclosure_august_4_2016.pdf.
    World Bank, Safeguard Policies for World Bank 21 Reconstruction Projects, INFORMATION ON WORLD BANK PROJECTS AND POLICIES, 313, at 313, available at http://www.taiwan921.lib.ntu.edu.tw/newpdf/wbchap21eng.pdf.
    World Bank, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development International Development Association, Resolution No. IBRD 93-10 & Resolution No. IDA 93-6, Sep. 22, 1993, available at http://ewebapps.worldbank.org/apps/ip/PanelMandateDocuments/Resolution1993.pdf.
    World Bank, Investment Project Financing Operational Risk Assessment Framework Guidance Note, April 10, 2013, available at http://siteresources.worldbank.org/PROJECTS/Resources/40940-1365611011935/Guidance_Note_Risk_Assesment.pdf.
    World Bank, Operations Inspection Function Objectives: Mandate and Operating Procedures for an Independent Inspection Panel, Memorandum from the President, R93-122/2, September 10, 1993, at para. 7.
    World Bank, The World Bank Green Bond Process Implementation Guidelines, available at http://treasury.worldbank.org/cmd/pdf/ImplementationGuidelines.pdf.
    World Bank, World Bank Procedures: Bank Grievance Redress Service (GRS), OPS5.06-PROC.158, March 1, 2017, available at https://policies.worldbank.org/sites/ppf3/PPFDocuments/4929ca561362449e87c04d75585648d4.pdf.
    The World Bank Inspection Panel, Letter from L T. Preston to all staff, September 24, 1993.
    6. 美國國會決議、備忘錄與世界銀行決議
    H.R. Rep. No. 165, 101st cong., 1st sess. 23 (1989)
    IDFA, pub. L. No. 101-240, 521, 103 stat. at 2511.
    H.R. Rep. No. 108, 102 cong., 1st sess. At 17-18 (1991).
    S. Rep. No. 519, 101 st. Cong., 2d sess. (1990)
    S. Rep. No. 419, 102 cong., 2 sess. at 49 (1992)
    IBRD Articles of Agreement, Article III, Section 5.
    IDA Articles of Agreement; Article V, Section 1(g).
    Resolution of the Executive Directors establishing the Inspection Panel (No. 93-10 for the IBRD and 93-6 for IDA), approved on Sep. 22, 1993 and circulated as document No. SecM93-988 (IBRD) and SecM3-313 (IDA), Sep. 23, 1993.
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    國際經營與貿易學系
    104351045
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0104351045
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[Department of International Business] Theses

    Files in This Item:

    File Description SizeFormat
    104501.pdf2898KbAdobe PDF2399View/Open


    All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.


    社群 sharing

    著作權政策宣告 Copyright Announcement
    1.本網站之數位內容為國立政治大學所收錄之機構典藏，無償提供學術研究與公眾教育等公益性使用，惟仍請適度，合理使用本網站之內容，以尊重著作權人之權益。商業上之利用，則請先取得著作權人之授權。
    The digital content of this website is part of National Chengchi University Institutional Repository. It provides free access to academic research and public education for non-commercial use. Please utilize it in a proper and reasonable manner and respect the rights of copyright owners. For commercial use, please obtain authorization from the copyright owner in advance.

    2.本網站之製作，已盡力防止侵害著作權人之權益，如仍發現本網站之數位內容有侵害著作權人權益情事者，請權利人通知本網站維護人員(nccur@nccu.edu.tw)，維護人員將立即採取移除該數位著作等補救措施。
    NCCU Institutional Repository is made to protect the interests of copyright owners. If you believe that any material on the website infringes copyright, please contact our staff(nccur@nccu.edu.tw). We will remove the work from the repository and investigate your claim.
    DSpace Software Copyright © 2002-2004  MIT &  Hewlett-Packard  /   Enhanced by   NTU Library IR team Copyright ©   - Feedback