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    Title: 以高齡健保資料庫分析高齡人口醫療之需求
    Exploring the medical demand of Taiwan’s elderly via Taiwan national health insurance database
    Authors: 連珮誼
    Contributors: 余清祥
    連珮誼
    Keywords: 人口老化
    健保資料庫
    不均度
    死亡距離
    照護需求
    Population aging
    National health insurance
    Unevenness
    Time to death
    Long-term care
    Date: 2017
    Issue Date: 2017-08-10 09:48:44 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 古諺云:「家有一老,如有一寶」,表達社會各界對老年人的尊敬,而老年人口的比例多寡也可做為描述國家福利制度的重要指標。然而,老年人口需要較多的醫療照護等資源,臺灣人口高齡化日趨明顯也代表需要投入更多預算,加重家庭及政府的負擔。舉例來說,2016年年底臺灣65歲以上人口約13.3%,使用超過三分之一的健保資源,研究指出高齡人口在臨終前將耗費更多醫療資源(Lubitz and Prihoda 1987);此外,醫療照護需求的比例隨年齡上升,因此照護人力及相關需求也將隨著人口老化而逐年提高。有鑑於此,本文以高齡人口的醫療及照護需求為研究目標希冀分析結果可提供政府及保險公司參考,用以制訂政策、開發保險商品改善高齡人口生活。
    本篇論文以社會保險及商業保險的角度分析高齡人口照護之需求,根據高齡健保資料庫2005年百萬老人抽樣檔(資料期間為1996年至2013年),包含承保資料檔(ID)、門診處方及治療明細檔(CD)、重大傷病證明明細檔(HV)、醫事機構基本資料檔(HOSB)以及住院醫療費用清單明細檔(DD)。研究發現全民健保確實扮演了社會保險的角色,民眾醫療支出因個體有非常大的差異(亦即不均度很高),但實施健保後的醫療支出不均度大幅下降,其中疾病(重大傷病)是造成不均度的主因,其影響程度明顯高於年齡及地區。其次,高齡人口臨終前之花費隨著死亡距離越近而越高,年紀越大之高齡人口其花費越低;高齡人口臨終前一年高人次以及高花費之疾病前者分別為本態性高血壓 、第二型糖尿病 、慢性腎衰竭、支氣管及肺惡性腫瘤及原發性肝惡性腫瘤,後者為慢性腎衰竭、敗血症、腎衰竭、惡性腫瘤以及急性呼吸衰竭。
    “An elderly at home, is much alike having an invaluable treasure in hand.” is a famous Chinese saying and it represents the respect of our society to the elderly. The proportion of the elderly can also be described as an important indicator of the national welfare system. However, the elderly usually need more public resources, including medical care and thus the population aging in Taiwan indicates a heavier burden to the individuals and the public welfare. For example, the proportion of people ages 65 and over is about 13.3% but they use more than one-third of health care resources in Taiwan. Studies showed that the elderly spend more medical resources before dying (Lubitz and Prihoda 1987), and the need of medical care increases with age. In this study, we aim to explore the medical need of Taiwan’s elderly, and provide references to public policies for the government and to designing products for the insurance companies.
    We use a database from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance, namely, the 2005 Taiwan’s Elderly Survey Database, to explore the elderly’s demand of care from the perspective of social insurance and commercial insurance. The database includes the medical records, such as ID, CD, HV, HOSB and DD. The analysis results show that NHI system did play the role of social insurance, with respect to the unevenness of individuals’ medical expenses. The disease is the main cause of unevenness, significantly higher than the factors of age and region. Secondly, the medical cost is higher as approaching the time of death. The diseases of high frequency and high cost of the elderly are essential hypertension, type II diabetes, chronic renal failure, malignant neoplasm of bronchus and lung, and so on.
    Reference: 一、中文部分
    中華民國銀行公會(2014),銀行公會會訊第九十期。
    王培東(2006),“疾病發生的測量:發生率(Incidence)和盛行率(Prevalence) ”,台灣醫界,第49卷,第4期。
    李大正、楊靜利、王德睦(2011),“人口老化與全民健保支出:死亡距離取向的分析”,人口學刊,第43期,第1-35頁。
    李妙純、沈茂庭(2008),“全民健保下不同所得群體醫療利用不均因素分析”,臺 灣衛誌;第27卷,第3期:223-231頁。
    李貞姮、藍守仁、謝天渝(2002),“全民健保對牙醫師人力及醫療照護費用之分布探討-以高屏地區為例”,台灣口腔醫學衛生科學雜誌;第18卷,第1期:59-69頁。
    張鴻仁、黃信忠、蔣翠蘋(2002),“全民健保醫療利用集中狀況及高、低使用者特性之探討”,臺灣衛誌;第21卷,第3期:207-213頁。
    陳家蓁(2012),“非類固醇抗發炎藥物的使用與轉換之胃腸道副作用評估”, 高雄醫學大學臨床藥學研究所碩士學位論文。
    劉嘉年、楊銘欽、楊志良(2001),“台灣成年民眾於死亡前三個月健保醫療費用支出之影響因素分析”, 臺灣衛誌;第20卷,第6期,第451-462頁。
    衛生福利部全民健康保險會、衛生福利部中央健康保險署(2015),全民健康保險醫療給付費用總額協商參考指標要覽─105 年版。
    簡碧醇(2011),“退化性關節炎之處方型態分析-包含Glucosamine sulfate使用型態及新一代NSAIDs引起消化性潰瘍的發生率”,高雄醫學大學藥學研究所碩士學位論文。
    雙連安養中心(2011),“長期照顧服務智慧化與科技化-以雙連安養中心為例”, 新北市:雙連安養中心。
    二、英文部分
    Berk, M.L., and Monheit, A.C. (2001). The concentration of health care expenditures, revisited, Health Affairs, 20(2), 9-18.
    Hoover, D.R., Crystal, S., Kumar, R., Sambamoorthi, U., and Cantor, J.C. (2002). Medical expenditures during the last year of life: findings from the 1992–1996 medicare current beneficiary survey, Health Services Research, 36(7), 1625-1642.
    Lubitz, J.D., and Riley, G.F. (1993). Trends in medicare payments in the last year of life, The new England journal of medicine, 328(15), 1092-1096.
    Lubitz, J.D., and Prihoda, R. (1984). The use and costs of Medicare services in the last 2 years of life, Health Care Financing Review, 5(3), 117–131.
    Riley, G.F., and Lubitz, J.D. (2010). Long-term trends in medicare payments in the last year of life, Health Services Research, 45(2), 565-576.
    Riley, G.F., Lubitz, J., Prihoda, R., and Rabey, E. (1987). The use and costs of Medicare services by cause of death, Inquiry 1987, 24(3), 233-44.
    Yen, L.T., Edington, D.W., and Witting, P. (1994). Corporate medical claim cost distributions and factors associated with high-cost status, Journal of occupational medicine, 36(5), 505-515.
    Zweifel, P., Felder, S., and Werblow, A. (2004). Population ageing and health care expenditure: new evidence on the ‘‘red herring’’. The geneva papers on risk and insurance, 29(4), 652-666.

    三、網站
    衛生福利部統計處網站, from:http://www.mohw.gov.tw/mp-1.html
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    風險管理與保險學系
    104358024
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0104358024
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[風險管理與保險學系] 學位論文

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