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    Title: 華語教材之文化內容分析及在台華語學習者觀點研究
    Investigating the Cultural Content in a Chinese Textbook Series and Perspectives from Mandarin Learners in Taiwan
    Authors: 李桂芳
    Lee, Kuei-Fang
    Contributors: 許麗媛
    Hsu, Li-Yuan
    李桂芳
    Lee, Kuei-Fang
    Keywords: 文化
    華語教學
    教材分析
    學習者觀點
    culture
    teaching Chinese
    textbook analysis
    learners` perspectives
    Date: 2019
    Issue Date: 2019-08-07 16:31:53 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 全球學習華語的人數逐年攀升,為了符合不同文化背景學習者需求,目前華語文教學文化內容研究已有側重不同面向的文獻陸續刊登、出版,然而,同時兼顧教材文化內容廣度及深度的個案研究,並融入學習者觀點的研究仍屬於少數。為彌補此不足,本研究旨以《當代中文課程》系列教材作為分析對象,藉由「文化深度」(Cultural Depth)以及「文化廣度」(Cultural Breadth)的概念,計算出教材之文化內容所屬的「文化屬性」與「文化區域」筆數,並加以分析討論;另一方面,研究分別針對三組不同程度共15名來台之華語學習者,進行焦點團體訪談(Focus Group)以瞭解學習者實際對教材中文化內容的看法與觀點。

    教材分析結果顯示,教材文化內容以目的語文化──「中華文化」為主要涵蓋區域,文化屬性以「文化產物」為重要對象,當中以「飲食」的占比為最多;隨著學習者程度提升,第五、六冊大量出現歐美文化之「文化個體」,逐步促使歐美文化區域取代中華文化的占比,亞洲與其他文化區域則維持不顯著的狀況。學習者觀點方面,學習者格外重視文化主題與與生活實際應用的相關性,而對於文化區域多元性的接受度與其華語程度有關,程度越高的學習者越能接受教材中置入其他區域的文化內容。
    In recent years, the number of Chinese language learners has been quickly increasing around the world. As a result, the content of teaching materials such as Chinese textbooks has progressively shifted towards a more multiculturalist approach. Although much culture-related research of textbooks has been conducted in the field of Chinese teaching, relatively few studies have analyzed the textbook content in terms of both the coverage of cultural regions and cultural dimensions. Even fewer studies have looked into learners’ perspectives on cultural representation of the modern Chinese textbooks. To fill such gap, this study aims to use the "A Course in Contemporary Chinese" series of textbooks as the object of analysis in which the cultural dimensions and cultural areas were calculated through the concepts of "Cultural Depth" and "Cultural Breadth". To investigate learners’ perspectives about the cultural content in the textbooks, fifteen learners of Chinese in Taiwan, in three proficiency groups, were recruited to participate in the focus group interviews.

    The result of this study shows that the overall cultural content of the textbooks is dominated by the target language culture (Chinese culture). “Products” are the most frequently used elements and “food” is the biggest theme throughout the entire six volumes. In the more advanced level of the textbooks, Volumes Five and Six, the European and American cultures are found to emerge, mainly through the "Persons" category. They gradually overtake Chinese culture in terms of proportion, while other cultures from Asia and the rest of the world remain under-represented. As for the perspectives from the learners, they pay more attention to culturally relevant topics and vocabulary and tend to favor a more practical approach. Finally, the acceptance of cultural diversity seems to be related to the level of Chinese learners. The higher the level of the learners, the more they can accept the content of other regional cultures in the textbooks.
    Reference: 一、中文文獻(依姓氏筆畫排列)
    (一)專書
    黃雅英(2015)。華語文跨文化溝通理論與實務。台北:新學林出版社。
    Tylor, E. B(1871)。原始文化。廣西:廣西師範大學出版社。(譯者:
    連樹聲(2005))
    Samovar, L. A., Porter R. E., Jain,N.C.(1988)。跨文化通傳。香港:三聯出
    版社。(譯者:陳南、龔光明)
    (二)期刊論文
    王學松(1993)。對外漢語教學中文化教學的層次。北京師範大學學報:社會科
    學版,6,81-84。
    李泉(2015)。漢語教材的“國別化”問題探討。世界漢語教學,4,526-540。
    呂必松(1999)。對外漢語教學概論(講義)。國家教委對外漢語教師資格審查委
    員會辦公室,94。
    周小兵(1996)。對外漢語教學中的跨文化交際。中山大學學報(社會科版),6,
    119-124。
    胡明揚(1993)。對外漢語教學中的文化因素。語言教學與研究,4,103-108。
    梁宇(2016)。學習者為評價者的國際漢語教材評價標準預試研究,海外華文教
    育,6,796-804。
    張英(1994)。論對外漢語文化教學。漢語學習,1,46-50。
    張英(2004)。對外漢語文化教材研究──兼論對外漢語文化教材等級大綱架設。
    漢語學習,1,53-59。
    張占一(1984)。漢語個別教學及其教材。語言教學與研究,3,57-67。
    陳光磊(1992)。語言教學中的文化導入。語言教學與研究,3,19-30。
    梅立崇(1994)。試談陳述性文化知識和程式性文化知識。漢語學習,1,49-53。
    葛中華(1994)。文化考察的新視角:語言文化與超語言文化。漢語學習,3,55-59。
    趙金銘(2014)。國際漢語教學中的跨文化思考。語言教學與研究,6,1-10。
    趙賢州(1992)。關於文化導入的再思考。語言教學與研究,3,31-39。
    魯健驥(1990)。對外漢語教學基礎階段處理文化因素的原則和做法。語言教學
    與研究,1,37-46。
    歐陽芳暉、周小兵(2016)。跨文化視角下的中美漢語教材文化呈現比較。華文
    教學與研究,1,78-84。
    魏春木、卞覺非(1992)。基礎漢語教學階段文化導入內容初探。世界漢語教學,
    1,54-60。
    (三)學位論文
    林敏(2006),以學習者為評估者的對外漢語教材評估模式研究,華東師範大學,
    上海。
    郭淑芳(2009),僑務委員會華語文教材之文化導入研究,國立台灣師範大學,
    台北。
    黃富玉(2010),文化導向之中級華裔華與教材設計研究──以在台學習者為例,
    國立台灣師範大學,台北。

    二、外文文獻
    (一)英文
    Moran, P. R. (2001). Teaching Culture: Perspective in Practice. Boston: Heinle.
    Williams, R. (1976). Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society. New
    York: Oxford University Press.
    Yuen, K. M. (2011). The representation of foreign cultures in English textbooks.
    ELT, 65, 458-466.
    (二)日文
    《大辞林》(Daijirin)日語字典(1988)。日本:三省堂株式會社。

    三、網路資源

    教育部國語辭典簡編本
    http://dict.concised.moe.edu.tw/cgi-bin/jbdic/gsweb.cgi?ccd=dR85pr&o=e0&sec=sec1&op=v&view=0-1 最後檢索日期:2018/10/24

    內容分析法(陳雅文,1995)
    http://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/1683205/ 最後檢索日期:2018/10/16
    焦點團體訪談 (王梅玲,2012)
    http://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/1679268/ 最後檢索日期:2019/01/16
    5Cs (Communication, Cultures, Connections, Comparisons, Communities)
    https://www.actfl.org/publications/all/world-readiness-standards-learning-languages 引用時間:2018/10/01
    Sandy Cutshall (2012). More Than a Decade of Standards: Integrating ‘Culture’ in Your Language Instruction:
    https://www.actfl.org/sites/default/files/publications/standards/Cultures.pdf 引用時間:2018/10/01
    “Culture” in Cambridge Dictionary
    https://dictionary.cambridge.org/zht/%E8%A9%9E%E5%85%B8/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E/culture 最後檢索日期:2018/10/24
    “Culture” in Online Etymology Dictionary
    https://www.etymonline.com/word/culture 最後檢索日期:2018/10/24
    “Culture” Oxford dictionaries
    https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/culture 最後檢索日期:2018/10/24
    Dianna M. Georgina (2015). “What is Culture?”
    https://www.youtube.com/user/DMGeorgina/videos 最後檢索日2018.10.24
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    華語文教學碩博士學位學程
    103161015
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0103161015
    Data Type: thesis
    DOI: 10.6814/NCCU201900539
    Appears in Collections:[華語文教學博/碩士學位學程] 學位論文

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