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| Title: | 阿爾泰語系中分類詞的起源與分布
On the Distribution and Origin of Sortal Classifiers in Altaic Languages |
| Authors: | 陳甚安
Chen, Shen-An |
| Contributors: | 何萬順
Her, One-Soon
陳甚安
Chen, Shen-An |
| Keywords: | 分類詞
量詞
阿爾泰語系
語言接觸
分類詞單一起源假設
sortal classifier
mensural classifier
Altaic languages
language contact
Single Origin Hypothesis |
| Date: | 2020 |
| Issue Date: | 2020-05-05 11:56:30 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 分類詞 (又稱個體量詞)，在東亞與東南亞的語言中極為常見，而在亞洲北方至東歐地區的阿爾泰語系的66種語言中也存在14種分類詞語言，這些分類詞語言多半不發達且是選擇性使用，分類詞的豐富度也不及東亞與東南亞各地之語言，推測這些語言當中的分類詞並非是其語言的原生系統，為了找出阿爾泰語系的分類詞語言之來源，本文依據 Her & Li (to appear) 所提及之「分類詞單一起源假設」之概念，推測阿爾泰語系中的分類詞是由周邊分類詞相對強勢的漢語或是波斯語接觸過後所產生的。
這14種語言當中的分類詞將會透過 Greenberg (1972) 和 Her (2012) 的分類詞所具有之被數學定義，檢測阿爾泰語系的分類詞是否為真正的分類詞，再進一步觀察文獻中分類詞的語意或是語音特性，判斷這些語言中的分類詞是否具有漢語或是波斯語的特徵，最後綜合每種語言的發展歷史、地理特徵，歸納出阿爾泰語系分類詞最有可能的起源，並驗證「分類詞單一起源假設」的適用範圍是否可以擴大至阿爾泰語系。
在本文的研究結果中，也應證了阿爾泰語系語言的分類詞來源的確與地理分布符合，以地理位置位處漢語和波斯語中間的維吾爾語為界，維吾爾語以東的分類詞語言即為受漢語影響，以西則為受到波斯語影響，維吾爾語為同時受兩者影響的語言。
The grammatical feature of sortal classifiers is common in East and Southeast Asian languages, but in the Altaic language family spread from northern Asia to eastern Europe, 14 languages out of 66 are found to employ sortal classifiers. However, these languages use classifiers optionally and have fewer classifiers than East and Southeast Asian languages. We thus suspect that the classifier systems in Altaic are not indigenous. Following the Single Origin Hypothesis proposed by Her & Li (to appear), we speculate that the rise of classifiers in Altaic is due to influence by their neighbors, either Chinese or Persian, both with a relatively stronger classifier system.
In this study, we first examine the putative classifiers in these 14 Altaic languages to ensure that they are genuine numeral classifiers, especially in the mathematical sense as defined by Greenberg (1972) and Her (2012). Furthermore, we examine the phonological and semantic features of the classifiers identified. Finally, we take into account of historical and geographical factors and determine the most likely source of influence for each of the 14 Altaic classifier languages. In doing so, we also hope to expand the scope of the Single Origin Hypothesis to the Altaic language family.
The results of this study indicate that the origin of classifiers in Altaic languages largely depends on their geographical location and thus language contact. Having the location of Uyghur as the dividing line, which is between the Chinese territory and the Persian area, we see that the classifier languages located on the east side were influenced by Chinese, while those located on the west side were influenced by Persian, and Uyghur were thus influenced by both. |
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| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
語言學研究所
106555013 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106555013 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| DOI: | 10.6814/NCCU202000429 |
| Appears in Collections: | [語言學研究所] 學位論文
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