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    题名: 探討既有航空公司嚇阻策略的有效性：以美國西南航空為例
    The effectiveness of incumbents` entry deterrence strategies: Evidence from the Southwest Airlines
    作者: 陳以倫
    Chen, Yi-Lun
    贡献者: 江品慧
    陳以倫
    Chen, Yi-Lun
    关键词: 航空市場
    進入
    嚇阻策略
    Airline industry
    Entry
    Entry deterrence
    日期: 2020
    上传时间: 2020-09-02 12:45:16 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 　　本文以美國西南航空(Southwest Airlines)為例，以潛在進入者的角度探討既有航空公司嚇阻策略的有效性。先依序討論從形成威脅到觀察進入的區間長短不同下，既有航空公司之嚇阻策略是否是影響西南航空進入的重要因素。接著將資料分為兩期，第1期為1993年Q1到2004年Q4，第2期則是2005年Q1到2019年Q3，分析不同期嚇阻策略有效性的差異。
    　　本研究發現:(一)從形成威脅到觀察進入的區間長短不同，除了既有航空公司嚇阻策略有效性有所差異，影響西南航空是否進入的市場特性變數和自身市場特性變數也有所差異。(二)既有航空公司在第2期採取降價或增加產能之嚇阻策略都相對第1期更為有效。(三)既有航空公司採取增加產能之嚇阻策略相對降價之嚇阻策略有效。
    　　In this paper, we adopt the model of city-pair entry for Southwest Airlines, standing in a potential entrant`s perspective, to discuss the effectiveness of incumbents` entry deterrence strategies. We estimate whether　incumbents` entry deterrence matters for Southwest Airlines under different time intervals from threat of entry to observe entry. We also divide our data into two periods: the first period is from 1993 Q1 to 2004 Q4, and the second period is from 2005 Q1 to 2019 Q3, to compare the effectiveness of the incumbents` entry deterrence strategies between these two periods.
    　　We find that under different intervals from threat of entry to entry, not only the effectiveness of incumbents` entry deterrence strategies are different, but market-specific variables and carrier-market-specific variables affecting whether Southwest Airlines enters the market are distinct. Our results also suggest that incumbents` entry deterrence strategies works better in period 2, rather than period 1. Moreover, incumbents` entry deterrence strategy of capacity expansion is more effective than that of price reduction.
    參考文獻: Belleflamme, Paul and Martin Peitz. 2015. “Strategic Incumbents and Entry.” In Industrial Organization: Markets and Strategies (pp. 399-431). Cambridge University Press.

    Berry, Steven T. 1992. “Estimation of a Model of Entry in the Airline Industry.” Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society :889–917.

    Boguslaski, Charles, Harumi Ito, and Darin Lee. 2004. “Entry patterns in the southwest airlines route system.” Review of Industrial Organization 25 (3):317–350.

    Borenstein, Severin and Nancy L Rose. 1994. “Competition and price dispersion in the US airline industry.” Journal of Political Economy 102 (4):653–683.

    Chen, Yongmin and Philip G Gayle. 2019. “Mergers and product quality: Evidence from the airline industry.” International Journal of Industrial Organization 62:96–135.

    Ciliberto, Federico, Eddie Watkins, and Jonathan W Williams. 2019. “Collusive pricing patterns in the US airline industry.” International Journal of Industrial Organization 62:136–157.

    Ciliberto, Federico and Jonathan W Williams. 2014. “Does multimarket contact facilitate tacit collusion? Inference on conduct parameters in the airline industry.” The RAND Journal of Economics 45 (4):764–791.

    Dai, Mian, Qihong Liu, and Konstantinos Serfes. 2014. “Is the effect of competition on price dispersion nonmonotonic? Evidence from the US airline industry.” Review of Economics and Statistics 96 (1):161–170.

    Daraban, Bogdan and Gary M Fournier. 2008. “Incumbent responses to low-cost airline entry and exit: A spatial autoregressive panel data analysis.” Research in Transportation Economics 24 (1):15–24.

    Gayle, Philip G and Xin Xie. 2018. “Entry deterrence and strategic alliances.” Economic Inquiry 56 (3):1898–1924.

    Gerardi, Kristopher S and Adam Hale Shapiro. 2009. “Does competition reduce price dispersion? New evidence from the airline industry.” Journal of Political Economy 117 (1):1–37.

    Goetz, Christopher F and Adam Hale Shapiro. 2012. “Strategic alliance as a response to the threat of entry: Evidence from airline codesharing.” International Journal of Industrial Organization 30 (6):735–747.

    Goolsbee, Austan and Chad Syverson. 2008. “How do incumbents respond to the threat of entry? Evidence from the major airlines.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics 123 (4):1611–1633.

    Hernandez, Manuel A and Steven N Wiggins. 2014. “Nonlinear pricing strategies and competitive conditions in the airline industry.” Economic Inquiry 52 (2):539–561.

    Hurdle, Gloria J, Richard L Johnson, Andrew S Joskow, Gregory J Werden, and Michael A Williams. 1989. “Concentration, potential entry, and performance in the airline industry.” The Journal of Industrial Economics
    :119–139.

    Hüschelrath, Kai and Kathrin Müller. 2013. “Patterns and effects of entry in US airline markets.” Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade 13 (2):221–253.

    Joskow, Andrew S, Gregory J Werden, and Richard L Johnson. 1994. “Entry, exit, and performance in airline markets.” International Journal of Industrial Organization 12 (4):457–471.

    Kwoka, John, Kevin Hearle, and Phillippe Alepin. 2016. “From the fringe to the forefront: Low cost carriers and airline price determination.” Review of Industrial Organization 48 (3):247–268.

    Morrison, Steven A, Clifford Winston et al. 1990. “The dynamics of airline pricing and competition.” American Economic Review 80 (2):389–393.

    Shen, Ying. 2017. “Market competition and market price: Evidence from United/Continental airline merger.” Economics of Transportation 10:1–7.

    Tirole, Jean. 1988. “Entry, Accommodation, and Exit.” In The Theory of Industrial Organization (pp. 305-360). MIT press.
    描述: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    經濟學系
    107258005
    資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107258005
    数据类型: thesis
    DOI: 10.6814/NCCU202001284
    显示于类别:[經濟學系] 學位論文

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