English  |  正體中文  |  简体中文  |  Post-Print筆數 : 27 |  Items with full text/Total items : 109951/140892 (78%)
Visitors : 46200707      Online Users : 599
RC Version 6.0 © Powered By DSPACE, MIT. Enhanced by NTU Library IR team.
Scope Tips:
  • please add "double quotation mark" for query phrases to get precise results
  • please goto advance search for comprehansive author search
  • Adv. Search
    HomeLoginUploadHelpAboutAdminister Goto mobile version
    Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/134079


    Title: 以眼動追蹤技術探討閱讀中文把字句與被字句的處理歷程
    The online processing of Bǎ/Bèi construction in Mandarin Chinese: Evidence from eye movements of sentence reading
    Authors: 蔡旭容
    Tsai, Hsu-Jung
    Contributors: 蔡介立
    Tsai, Jie-Li
    蔡旭容
    Tsai, Hsu-Jung
    Keywords: 把字句
    被字句
    眼動閱讀
    施事者優先
    有生性
    Date: 2021
    Issue Date: 2021-03-02 14:30:45 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 以競爭模型為基礎的許多研究顯示,語意是中文重要的語言線索,幫助讀者指派語意角色給句中論元,達到語意理解的目的。論元擴展依存模型則描繪出語意關係建立的時序,指出語意角色指派的歷程存在於論元之間,在不同階段使用不同語意線索建立出句子的整體語意。
    過去的研究發現,在處理「名詞—名詞—動詞」句型時,與處理一般簡單句「名詞—動詞—名詞」句型時不同,採用的是「受事者優先」偏好;此外,相對於介詞「被」,「把」對其後的論元名詞具生命性與否的約束強度較弱。然而,近年有研究指出,在處理和「名詞—名詞—動詞」同為動詞在後結構的把字句和被字句時,「施事者優先」的偏好仍然存在,且中文讀者在處理這兩種句式時有相似的眼動表現。因此本論文將透過兩個眼動閱讀實驗,操弄句首論元有生性、句式和介詞後論元有生性,探討這些因素對「施事者優先」偏好的影響,以及對介詞後論元有生性的約束情形。
    實驗結果顯示,在閱讀把字句時,效率優於被字句,且句首論元的有生性不影響把字句的閱讀處理效率。此外,句首論元為生命體時會對被字句產生干擾,顯示符合典型施事特徵的生命體將會強化「施事者優先」的預期。介詞後論元的有生性並不影響把字句與被字句的閱讀處理效率,顯示當介詞提早將論元的語意角色確立後,介詞後論元的有生性對眼動表現沒有影響。整體而言,中文句子的閱讀處理符合擴展論元依存模型,「施事者優先」則是中文讀者的語意角色指派偏好。
    Reference: 參考文獻
    中央研究院(2017)。中研院現代漢語平衡語料庫4.0,網址:http://asbc.iis.sinica.edu.tw,檢索年月:2020年7月。
    王力(1984)。王力文集第一卷:中國語法理論。山東:山東教育出版社。
    朱德熙(1982)。語法講義。北京:商務印書館。
    吳靜蘭(2007)。角色指稱語法簡介。語言暨語言學,8(1),5-70。
    呂叔湘(1999)。現代漢語八百詞增訂本。北京:商務印書館。
    柯華葳、陳明蕾與廖家寧(2005)。詞頻、詞彙類型與眼球運動型態:來自篇章閱讀的證據。中華心理學刊,47(4),381-398。doi:10.6129/CJP.2005.4704.06
    張伯江(2000)。論“把”字句的句式語義。語言研究,1,28-40。
    張伯江(2001)。被字句和把字句的對稱與不對稱。中國語文,6,519-524。
    張伯江(2002)。施事角色的語用屬性。中國語文,6, 483-574。
    張伯江(2007)。施事和受事的語義語用特徵及其在句式中的實現(博士論文)。復旦大學,上海。
    張育慈(2017)。語義及句法對西班牙語及中文母語人士在中文理解的影響(碩士論文)。國立臺灣師範大學,台北市。
    湯廷池(1986)。國語語法與功用解釋:兼談國語與英語功用語法的對比分析。師大學報,31,437-469。
    劉月華、潘文娛與故韡(2007)。實用現代漢語語法(增訂本)。北京:商務印書館。
    蔡介立(2000)。從眼動控制探討中文閱讀的線索處理歷程:應用眼動誘發呈現技術之系列研究(博士論文)。國立政治大學,台北市。
    蔡介立、顏妙璇與汪勁安(2005)。眼球移動測量即在中文閱讀研究之應用。應用心理研究,28, 91-104。
    繆小春、陳國鵬與應厚昌(1984)。詞序和詞義在漢語語句理解中的作用再探。心理科學,6,1-7。
    Bader, M. M., Michael. (1999). Subject-Object Ambiguities in German Embedded Clauses: An Across-the-Board Comparison. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 28(2), 121-143.
    Bates, D., Mächler, M., Bolker, B., & Walker, S. (2015). Fitting Linear Mixed-Effects Models Using lme4. Journal of Statistical Software, 67(1), 1-48. doi:10.18637/jss.v067.i01
    Bates, E., & MacWhinney, B. (1987). Competition, variation, and language learning. In B. Macwhinney (Ed.), Mechanisms of language acquisition (pp. 157-193). London and New York: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
    Bates, E., & Macwhinney, B. (1989). Functionalism and the competition model. The crosslinguistic study of sentence processing, 3, 73-112.
    Bates, E., McNew, S., Macwhinney, B., Devescovi, A., & Smith, S. (1982). Functional constraints on sentence processing: A cross-linguistic study. Cognition, 11, 245-299.
    Bencini, G. M., Pozzan, L., Biundo, R., McGeown, W. J., Valian, V. V., Venneri, A., & Semenza, C. (2011). Language-specific effects in Alzheimer’s disease: Subject omission in Italian and English. Journal of Neurolinguistics, 24(1), 25-40.
    Bever, T. G. (1974). The ascent of the specious, or there’s a lot we don’t know about mirrors. In D. Cohen (Ed.), Explaining linguistic phenomena (pp. 173-200). New York: Hemisphere Publishing Corporation.
    Bock, J. K., & Warren, R. K. (1985). Conceptual accessibility and syntactic structure in sentence formulation. Cognition, 21(1), 47-67.
    Bornkessel, I., & Schlesewsky, M. (2006). The extended argument dependency model: a neurocognitive approach to sentence comprehension across languages. Psychological Review, 113(4), 787-821. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.113.4.787
    Branigan, H. P., Pickering, M. J., & Tanaka, M. (2008). Contributions of animacy to grammatical function assignment and word order during production. Lingua, 118(2), 172-189. doi:10.1016/j.lingua.2007.02.003
    Chao, Y. R. (1968). A grammar of Spoken Chinese. Berkeley: University of California Press.
    Comrie, B. (1989). Language universals and linguistic typology: Syntax and morphology (2 ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago press.
    Cooper, R. M. (1974). The control of eye fixation by the meaning of spoken language: A new methodology for the real-time investigation of speech perception, memory, and language processing. Cognitive Psychology, 6, 173-200.
    Fillmore, C. J. (1968). The case for case. In E. Bach & R. T. Harms (Eds.), Universals in Linguistic Theory (pp. 1-88). London: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
    Foley, W. A., & Van Valin, J. R. D. (1977). On the organization of "subject" properties in universal grammar. Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society, 3, 293-320. doi:10.3765/bls.v3i0.3297
    Frazier, L., & Flores D’Arcais, G. B. (1989). Filler driven parsing: A study of gap filling in Dutch. Journal of Memory and Language, 28(3), 331-344. doi:10.1016/0749-596X(89)90037-5
    Gerwien, J. (2019). The interpretation and prediction of event participants in Mandarin verb-final active and passive sentences. Journal of Cultural Cognitive Science, 3(2), 257-283. doi:10.1007/s41809-019-00049-x
    Gerwien, J., & Xi, K. (2017). Predicting object states in Mandarin Chinese- insights from the bǎ-construction. In Poster presented at the 30th annual CUNY conference on human sentence processing, March 30–April 1.
    Gibson, E. (1998). Linguistic complexity: locality of syntactic dependencies. Cognition, 68, 1-76.
    Gibson, E. (2000). The dependency locality theory: A distance-based theory of linguistic complexity. In A. Marantz, Y. Miyashita, & O. O`Neil (Eds.), Image, language, brain: Papers from the first mind articulation project symposium (pp. 95-126). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
    Gorell, P. (1996). Parsing theory and phrase-order variation in German V2 clauses. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 25(1), 135-156.
    Grewe, T., Bornkessel-Schlesewsky, I., Zysset, S., Wiese, R., von Cramon, D. Y., & Schlesewsky, M. (2007). The role of the posterior superior temporal sulcus in the processing of unmarked transitivity. Neuroimage, 35(1), 343-352. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.11.045
    Hemforth, B., Konieczny, L., Scheepers, C., & Strube, G. (1998). Syntactic Ambiguity Resolution In German. Sentence processing: A crosslinguistic perspective,31, 293-312
    Holcomb, P. J., & Neville, S. A. C. J. (1992). Visual and Auditory Sentence Processing: A Developmental Analysis Using Event-Related Brain Potentials. Developmental Neuropsychology, 8(2-3), 203-241.
    Huang, Y. T., Zheng, X., Meng, X., & Snedeker, J. (2013). Children`s assignment of grammatical roles in the online processing of Mandarin passive sentences. Journal of Memory and Language, 69(4). doi:10.1016/j.jml.2013.08.002
    Inhoff, A. W., & Liu, W. (1998). The perceptual span and oculomotor activity during the reading of Chinese sentences. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 24, 20-34.
    Inhoff, A. W., & Radach, R. (1998). Definition and computation of oculomotor measures in the study of cognitive processes. In G. Underwood (Ed.), Eye guidance in reading and scene perception (pp. 29-53). Oxford: Elsevier
    Keenan, E. (1976). Towards a universal definition of “subject”. In C. N. Li (Ed.), Syntax and Semantics: Subject and Topic (pp. 303–333). New York: Acadamic Press.
    LaPolla, R. J. (1993). Arguments against ‘subject’ and ‘direct Object’ as Viable Concepts in Chinese. Chung Yang Yen Chiu Yuan Li Shih Yu Yen Yen Chiu So Chi K`an /Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology Academia Sinica, 63(4). 1-35.
    LaPolla, R. J. (1995). Pragmatic relations and word order in Chinese. In P. Downing & M. Noonan (Eds.), Word order in discourse(pp. 297-329). Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
    LaPolla, R. J. (2009). Chinese as a topic-comment (not topic- prominent and not SVO) language. In J. Xing (Ed.), Studies of Chinese Linguistics: Functional Approaches (pp. 9-22). Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
    Lee, M.-W. (2004). Another Look at the Role of Empty Categories in Sentence Processing (and Grammar). Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 33(1), 51-73.
    Li, C. N., & Thompson, S. A. (1974). An explanation of word order change SVO→SOV. Foundations of Language, 12(2), 201-214.
    Li, C. N., & Thompson, S. A. (1989). Mandarin Chinese: A functional reference grammar (Vol. 3). Berkley: University of California Press.
    Li, P., Bates, E., Liu, H., & Macwhinney, B. (1992). Cues as functional constraints on sentence processing in Chinese. Language processing in Chinese, 90, 207-234.
    Li, P., Bates, E., & Macwhinney, B. (1993). Processing a language without inflection: A reaction time study of sentence interpretation in Chinese. Journal of Memory and Language, 32, 169-192.
    Li, X.-Q., Zhao, H.-Y., Zheng, Y.-Y., & Yang, Y.-F. (2015). Two-stage interaction between word order and noun animacy during online thematic processing of sentences in Mandarin Chinese. Language, Cognition and Neuroscience, 30(5), 555-573. doi:10.1080/23273798.2014.954590
    MacWhinney, B. (1978). The Acquisition of Morphophonology. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 43(1/2), 1-123.
    Macwhinney, B., Bach, E., & Kliegl, R. (1984). Cue validity and sentence interpretation in English, German, and Italian. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 23(2), 127-150. doi:10.1016/s0022-5371(84)90093-8
    MacWhinney, B., Pléh, C., & Bates, E. (1985). The development of sentence interpretation in Hungarian. Cognitive Psychology, 17(2), 178-209. doi:10.1016/0010-0285(85)90007-6
    McDonald, S. A., & Shillcock, R. C. (2003a). Eye movements reveal the
    on-line computation of lexical probabilities during reading. Psychological
    Science, 14, 648–652.
    McDonald, S. A., & Shillcock, R. C. (2003b). Low-level predictive inference in reading: The influence of transitional probabilities on eye movements. Vision Research, 43, 1735–1751.
    Metzner, P., Von Der Malsburg, T., Vasishth, S., & Rösler, F. (2017). The importance of reading naturally: Evidence from combined recordings of eye movements and electric brain potentials. Cognitive Science, 41, 1232-1263. doi:10.1111/cogs.12384
    Miao, X., & Zhu, M. (1992). Language Development in Chinese Children. In C. Hsuan Chih & T. Ovid J.L. (Eds.), Language processing in Chinese (pp. 237-276). Amsterdam: Elsevier science publishers
    Michael, E. B., Keller, T. A., Carpenter, P. A., & Just, M. A. (2001). fMRI investigation of sentence comprehension by eye and by ear: modality fingerprints on cognitive processes. Human Brain Mapping, 13(4), 239-252. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.103
    Penolazzi, B., De Vincenzi, M., Angrilli, A., & Job, R. (2005). Processing of temporary syntactic ambiguity in Italian "who"-questions: a study with event-related potentials. Neuroscience Letters, 377(2), 91-96. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2004.11.074
    Philipp, M., Bornkessel-Schlesewsky, I., Bisang, W., & Schlesewsky, M. (2008). The role of animacy in the real time comprehension of Mandarin Chinese: Evidence from auditory event-related brain potentials. Brain and Language, 105(2), 112-133. doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2007.09.005
    Rayner, K. (1977). Visual attention in reading: Eye movements reflect cognitive processes. Memory & Cognition, 5(4), 443-448.
    Rayner, K. (1998). Eye Movementsin Reading and Information Processing: 20 Years of Research. Psychological Bulletin, 124(3), 372-422.
    Rayner, K. (2009). Eye movements and attention in reading, scene perception, and visual search. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 62(8), 1457-1506. doi:10.1080/17470210902816461
    Richardson, D. C., Dale, R., & Spivey, M. J. (2007). Eye movements in language and cognition: a brief introduction. In G.-M. M., M. I., C. S., & S. M. J. (Eds.), Methods in cognitive linguistics (pp. 323-344). Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
    Schlesewsky, M., Fanselow, G., Kliegl, R., & Krems, J. (2000). The subject preference in the processing of locally ambiguous wh-questions in German. In B. Hemforth & L. Konieczny (Eds.), German sentence processing (Vol. 24, pp. 65-93). Dordrecht: Springer.
    Sun, C.-F., & Givón, T. (1985). On the so-called sov word order in Mandarin Chinese: a quantified text study and its implications. Language, 61(2), 329-351.
    Tai, J. H. (1973). Chinese as a SOV language. Chicago Linguistic Society, 9, 659-671.
    Tzeng, C.-C. (2005). Cultural representations of the passive voice and the Mandarin Bei-construction in L1 and L2 corpora. Journal of Chinese Language and Computing, 15(2), 89-101.
    Van Valin, J. R. D. (1981). Grammatical relations in ergative languages. Studies in Language, 5(3), 361-394.
    Van Valin, J. R. D. (1999). Generalized semantic roles and the syntax-semantics interface. Empirical issues in formal syntax and semantics, 2, 373-389.
    Van Valin, J. R. D. (2005). A Summary of Role and Reference Grammar. Retrieved from http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~rrgpage/rrg/RRGsummary.pdf
    Van Valin, J. R. D., & LaPolla, R. J. (1997). Syntax: Structure, meaning, and function. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    Wang, L. (2011). The influence of animacy and context on word order processing: Neurophysiological evidence from Mandarin Chinese. (Doctoral dissertation, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig).
    Wang, L., Schlesewsky, M., Bickel, B., & Bornkessel-Schlesewsky, I. (2009). Exploring the nature of the ‘subject’-preference: Evidence from the online comprehension of simple sentences in Mandarin Chinese. Language and Cognitive Processes, 24(7-8), 1180-1226. doi:10.1080/01690960802159937
    Wang, L., Schlesewsky, M., Philipp, M., & Bornkessel-Schlesewsky, I. (2012). The role of animacy in online argument interpretation in Mandarin Chinese. In M. Lamers & P. d. Swart (Eds.), Case, word, order and prominence (pp. 91-119). Dordrecht: Springer
    Yan, G., Tian, H., Bai, X., & Rayner, K. (2006). The effect of word and character frequency on the eye movements of Chinese readers. British Journal of Psychology, 97(2), 259-268. doi:10.1348/000712605X70066
    Yang, H.-M., & McConkie, G. W. (1999). Reading Chinese: Some basic eye-movement characteristics. In J. Wang, A. W. Inhoff, & H. C. Chen (Eds.), Reading Chinese script: A cognitive analysis (pp. 207-222). New Jersey: Erlbaum.
    Zang, C., Fu, Y., Bai, X., Yan, G., & Liversedge, S. P. (2018). Investigating word length effects in Chinese reading. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 44(12), 1831-1841.
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    華語文教學碩博士學位學程
    106161003
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1061610031
    Data Type: thesis
    DOI: 10.6814/NCCU202100231
    Appears in Collections:[華語文教學博/碩士學位學程] 學位論文

    Files in This Item:

    File Description SizeFormat
    003101.pdf3039KbAdobe PDF251View/Open


    All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.


    社群 sharing

    著作權政策宣告 Copyright Announcement
    1.本網站之數位內容為國立政治大學所收錄之機構典藏,無償提供學術研究與公眾教育等公益性使用,惟仍請適度,合理使用本網站之內容,以尊重著作權人之權益。商業上之利用,則請先取得著作權人之授權。
    The digital content of this website is part of National Chengchi University Institutional Repository. It provides free access to academic research and public education for non-commercial use. Please utilize it in a proper and reasonable manner and respect the rights of copyright owners. For commercial use, please obtain authorization from the copyright owner in advance.

    2.本網站之製作,已盡力防止侵害著作權人之權益,如仍發現本網站之數位內容有侵害著作權人權益情事者,請權利人通知本網站維護人員(nccur@nccu.edu.tw),維護人員將立即採取移除該數位著作等補救措施。
    NCCU Institutional Repository is made to protect the interests of copyright owners. If you believe that any material on the website infringes copyright, please contact our staff(nccur@nccu.edu.tw). We will remove the work from the repository and investigate your claim.
    DSpace Software Copyright © 2002-2004  MIT &  Hewlett-Packard  /   Enhanced by   NTU Library IR team Copyright ©   - Feedback