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| Title: | 國際投資法與國際人權法對於財產權保障之比較
Comparison Between International Investment law and International Human Rights Law in Terms of Property Rights |
| Authors: | 林思妤
Lin, Szu-Yu |
| Contributors: | 薛景文
Hsueh, Ching-Wen
林思妤
Lin, Szu-Yu |
| Keywords: | 國際人權法
國際投資法
不歧視待遇
徵收
拒絕司法
公平公正待遇
司法救濟權
Yukos v Russia
International Human Rights Law
International Investment Law
expropriation
FET
Access to Justice
Non-discrimination treatment
denial of justice
Yukos v Russia |
| Date: | 2023 |
| Issue Date: | 2023-09-01 15:22:18 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 國際投資法與國際人權法皆是在保障人權，只是投資法乃專精於保障外國投資者之財產權，而人權法保障之權利包羅萬象，兩法皆有保障財產權，而兩法對於財產權之保障原則、文字與應用皆十分類似。本篇文章藉由Yukos v Russia一案作為研究動機，將比較投資法與人權法對於財產權保障之規範，研究兩者異同之處。
在透過將國際投資法之徵收原則、公平與公正待遇原則、訴諸司法之權利、正當程序與禁止拒絕司法原則、禁止歧視原則，與國際人權法之財產權條文規範、受司法保護之權利（有效救濟權、公平審判權）、不歧視原則做比較後，發現不論是從法條之文字使用或是實務上投資仲裁庭與人權法院對系爭原則之適用與解釋，皆很相似，而由海牙常設仲裁法院與歐洲人權法院各自對於Yukos v Russia一案之判決內容中也可印證上述比較結果，即國際投資法與國際人權法在對於財產權之保障上所使用之法律原則是相同的，即便國際人權法有公益上之考量，兩法對於財產權保障之相似性仍極高，並不存在投資法對投資者財產權保護過大之疑慮，因此投資者若與地主國發生財產權上之糾紛，或許可以不僅僅向投資仲裁庭尋求救濟，亦可選擇透過國際人權法尋求保護。
International Investment law and International Human Rights Law both aim to safeguard human rights. However, International Investment law specializes in protecting the property rights of foreign investors, whereas International Human Rights law encompasses a wide range of rights. Both laws include provisions for the protection of property rights, and the principles, texts, and application of these principles are quite similar. This article takes the Yukos v Russia case as a research stimulus to compare the norms of property rights protection in International Investment law and International Human Rights law, and to examine the similarities and differences between the two. By comparing principles such as expropriation, fair and equitable treatment, access to justice, due process and prohibition of denial of justice, and non-discrimination in International Investment Law with provisions related to those rights in International Human Rights Law, the article found that both laws share significant similarities in the use and application of these principles, and the judgments of the Permanent Court of Arbitration and the European Court of Human Rights on Yukos v Russia case supported these findings as well. Even though International Human Rights law takes public interest into consideration, the two laws bear a striking resemblance in safeguarding property rights. There is no substantial concern that International Investment law excessively protects investors` property rights. Therefore, if investors encounter disputes regarding property rights with host states, they might not only seek remedies from investment arbitration but also explore protection through International Human Rights law. |
| Reference: | 中文文獻
專書
鄧衍森（2016），國際人權法理論與實務，2版，臺北：元照。
期刊論文
李明峻（2015年），國際人權條約與財產權保障，台灣國際法季刊，12卷2期，頁39-52。
張文貞（2010年），跨國法院的權力爭逐與對話－－歐洲人權法院及歐洲法院二件判決評析，台灣法學雜誌，143期，頁73-95。
鄧衍森（2010年），人權保障的規範理論：序曲，台灣法學雜誌，第166期，頁123-130。
鄧衍森（2015年），聯合國決議與國內法的關係－－評析Kadi and Al Barakaat v. Council of the European Union and Commission of the European Communities案，月旦法學教室，149期，頁33-35。
鍾子晴（2021年），試析投資人與地主國爭端解決機制下環保反訴主張之準據法問題－－以Aven v Costa Rica.案為中心，經貿法訊，279期，頁25-33。
碩博士論文
邱鴻（2021年），國際能源訴訟之管轄權、規範衝突與投資人權益保障：以Yukos案為例，國立政治大學法律科際整合研究所碩士論文。
蔡孟翰（2016），論國際人權法的水平效力問題，東吳大學法學院法律學系碩士論文。
英文文獻
協定、條約、規則
The North American Free Trade Agreement, Canada-U.S -Mexico, Dec. 17, 1992.
2012 U.S. Model Bilateral Investment Treaty.
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G.A. Res. 2200A (XXI), International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (Dec. 16, 1966).
G.A. Res. 217A (III), Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Dec. 10, 1948).
Charter of Fundamental Rights of The European Union, 2000 O.J. (C 364) 1.
G.A. Res. 2106 (XX), International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (Dec. 21, 1965).
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Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169).
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Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War of 12 August 1949 (1949).
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2004 US Model BIT.
1991 Spain-Argentina BIT.
Chile- Malaysia BIT.
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Charter of The United Nations, June 26, 1945.
Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II) (June 8, 1977).
European Convention on Human Rights, Nov. 4, 1950.
American Convention of Human Rights, Nov. 22, 1969, 1144 U.N.T.S. 123.
African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, June 27, 1981.
G.A. Res. 41/128 (Dec. 4, 1986).
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網路資料
Committee on the Election of Judges to the European Court of Human Rights (last visited July 4, 2023), COUNCIL OF EU, available at https://pace.coe.int/en/pages/committee-30/committee-on-the-election-of-judges-to-the-european-court-of-human-rights.
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判決
ADC v Hungary, ICSID Case No. ARB/03/16, Award (2006).
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Case T‐315/01, Kadi v Council and Commission (Sept. 3, 2008).
CJEU, Nold, Kohlen- und BaustoffgroBhandlung.
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CMS v Argentina, ICSID Case No. ARB/01/8, Award (2005).
Corn Products International, Inc. v. United Mexican States, ICSID Case No. ARB (AF)/04/1, Decision on Responsibility (2008).
ECtHR, Judgement, Anheuser-Buscch Inc. v. Portugal (2007).
ECtHR, Judgement, Béláné Nagy v. Hungary (2015).
ECtHR, Judgement, Beyeler v. Italy (2000).
ECtHR, Judgement, Blumberga v. Latvia (2008).
ECtHR, Judgement, Centro Europa 7 s.r.l. and Di Stefano v. Italy (2012).
ECtHR, Judgement, Dabić v. Croatia (2021).
ECtHR, Judgement, Depalle v. France (2010).
ECtHR, Judgement, Fabris v. France (2013).
ECtHR, Judgement, Iatridis v. Greece (1999).
ECtHR, Judgement, Jahn and Others v. Germany (2005).
ECtHR, Judgement, James and Others v. UK (2020).
ECtHR, Judgement, Liamberi and Others v. Greek (2020).
ECtHR, Judgement, Pressos Compania Naviera S.A. and Others v. Belgium (1995).
ECtHR, Judgement, Scordino and Others v. Italy (no. 1) (2006).
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Metalclad Corporation v. The United Mexican States, ICSID Case No. ARB(AF)/97/1, Award (2000).
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專書
Dolzer, Rudolf, and Christoph Schreuer. 2012. Principles of International Investment Law. 2nd ed.
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期刊
Alshahrani, Sarah M. 2020. What Should We Know About the Origins of International Investment Law? International Journal of Legal Information 48:122-131.
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UN文件
UNCTAD, International Investment Instruments: A Compendium, Vol I (1996).
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其他
CEDAW General Recommendation No. 19: Violence against Women, Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, Doc. A/47/38.
IDI, Resolution on the Immunity from Jurisdiction of the State and of Persons Who Act on Behalf of the State in Case of International Crimes, Naples (Sept. 10, 2009). |
| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
國際經營與貿易學系
110351040 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110351040 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | [國際經營與貿易學系 ] 學位論文
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