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    Title: 著作權法公益面向之憲法基礎
    Authors: 劉昱劭
    Liu, Yu-Shao
    Contributors: 蘇永欽
    劉昱劭
    Liu, Yu-Shao
    Keywords: 資訊權利
    公益
    表意自由
    民主原則
    Date: 2004
    Issue Date: 2009-09-17 14:30:40 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 著作權法基本上是一個立意良善的法律,與憲法權利保障及民主價值秩序並沒有本質的不相容之處。藉由法律擬制排他性,為作者創造經濟誘因,著作權法促進資訊生產及散布的功能,具有健全民主體制的作用。但不能忽略的是,保障作者的經濟利益除了是著作權法的目的,也是一種手段。如果因為保障私益致有害文化的進步,或者不適當地侵害他人權利,私益應該有所退讓。此處涉及一個思考出發點的問題。如果衡量公、私益的出發點是認為,作品是作者所創造的財產,作者有享受百分百權利的道德正當性,那麼公益對於著作權的限制將很難站得住腳。但如果換個角度思考,認為作者所創造出的資訊是一種沒有消費敵對性的無體物,任何人的使用都不會減損作者本身的使用,反而法律將此資訊私有化的結果限制其他人本來可自由利用的權利,那麼,公益可以發揮的空間自然就比較寬廣。這兩個截然不同的角度,前者是援用自然法的思想,後者則主要本於功效主義的思想。對於大陸法系國家而言,著作權受到憲法財產權的保障(另可能包括人格權),一定程度會傾向類似自然法的思考方式,較大程度限制了公益概念的發展空間。 在這種困境中,著作權法的公益思想只能運用財產權的社會義務概念、表意自由及民主原則的規範作用,勉力主張其正當性。本文區分四個部分,即第二章到第五章,論述著作權法公益思想的憲法基礎。第二章「著作權法的公益思想及其困境」是論文背景與架構的說明;第三、四章正式介紹著作權法公益思想的主要憲法基礎,主要以美國實務、學說為整理分析的基礎;第五章則係上述研究成果的應用,藉以分析我國著作權法合憲控制體系的可能架構。
    Reference: 壹、中文參考文獻資料
    一、書籍
    1. 工總保護智慧財產權委員會編輯,《著作權法判決彙編Ⅰ》,1999年5月。
    2. 王澤鑑,民法總則,增訂版,2000年。
    3. 吳庚,《行政法之理論與實用》,增訂六版,三民,2000年。
    4. 法治斌/董保城合著,《憲法新論》,2003年。
    5. 蕭雄淋,《新著作權法逐條釋義(一)》,修正版,1998年。
    6. 蕭雄淋主編,《著作權法判解、決議、令函、釋示、實務問題彙編》,三版,2001年。
    7. 羅明通,《著作權法論Ⅰ、Ⅱ》,第五版,2004年。
    8. Carl Schmitt著,劉鋒譯,《憲法學說》,2004年。
    9. Cass Sunstein著,黃維明譯,《網路會顛覆民主嗎?》(Republic.com),新新聞,2002年。
    二、單篇論文
    1. 何思因,〈政治學中的美國政治(六)——利益團體〉,《美國月刊》第2卷第8期,1987年12月。
    2. 林子儀,〈商業性言論與言論自由〉,《美國月刊》第二卷第八期,1987年12月。
    3. 林子儀,〈言論自由之理論基礎〉,收於氏著《言論自由與新聞自由》,1993年。
    4. 林子儀,〈新聞自由的意義及其理論基礎〉,收於氏著《言論自由與新聞自由》,月旦,1993年。
    5. 林子儀,〈言論自由與內亂罪〉,收於氏著《言論自由與新聞自由》,月旦,1993年。
    6. 林子儀,〈言論自由的限制與雙軌理論〉,收於《現代國家與憲法:李鴻禧教授六秩華誕祝賀論文集》,月旦,1997年。
    7. 林子儀,〈言論自由導論〉,收於李鴻禧等合著,《台灣憲法之縱剖橫切》,元照,2002年。
    8. 林昱梅,〈著作之引用與藝術自由——評德國聯邦憲法法院判決B. v. 29. 6. 2000 – 1 BvR 825/98〉,收於《當代公法新論(上):翁岳生教授七秩誕辰祝壽論 文集》,2002年。
    9. 林昱梅,〈藝術自由與嘲諷性模仿之著作權侵害判斷〉,《成大法學》第七期,2004年6月。
    10. 法治斌,〈跳脫衣舞也受表意自由的保護嗎?〉,收於氏著《法治國家與表意自由》,正典,2003年。
    11. 章忠信,〈「著作權法部分條文修正案」簡說〉,《智慧財產權月刊》第36期,2001年12月。
    12. 章忠信,〈九十二年新修正著作權法簡析〉,月旦法學雜誌第103期,2003年12月。
    13. 章忠信,〈九十三年新修正著作權法之析疑〉,《萬國法律》第139期,2005年2月。
    14. 陳淑美,〈我國著作權法制之今昔及其遠景〉,《資訊法務透析》,1999年7月。
    15. 馮震宇/胡心蘭,〈論美國著作權法合理使用原則〉,《中原財經法學》第6期,2001年7月。
    16. 馮震宇,〈著作權談判不應成為台美貿易談判的犧牲品〉,收於氏著《智慧財產權發展趨勢與重要問題研究》,2003年。
    17. 馮震宇,〈數位內容之保護與科技保護措施——法律、產業與政策的考量〉,《月旦法學雜誌》第105期,2004年2月。
    18. 賀德芬,〈著作權在國際法上的保護〉,收於氏著《文化創新與商業契機——著作權法論文集》,增訂再版,1994年。
    19. 賀德芬,〈言論自由與著作權的保護——兼談著作權的限制〉,收錄於氏著《文化創新與商業契機》,增訂再版,1994年。
    20. 賀德芬,〈文化創新與法制化——著作權法的現代意義〉,收於氏著《文化創新與商業契機——著作權法論文集》,增訂再版,1994年,頁7。
    21. 張懿云,〈資訊社會關於「個人非營利目的重製」之研究〉,輔仁法學第20期。
    22. 劉孔中,〈著作人格權之比較研究〉,《台大法學論叢》第31卷第4期。
    23. 謝銘洋,〈著作人格權與一般人格權之關係〉,《月旦法學雜誌》第七十九期,2001年12月。
    24. 謝銘洋,〈從相關案例探討智慧財產權與民法之關係〉,《台大法學論叢》第三十三卷第二期,2004年3月。
    25. 蘇永欽,〈憲法權利的民法效力〉,收於氏著《合憲性控制的理論與實際》,1994年。
    26. 蘇永欽,〈財產權的保障與大法官解釋〉,收於氏著《違憲審查》,1999年。
    27. 蘇永欽,〈私法自治中的國家強制〉,收於氏著《走入新世紀的私法自治》,2002年。
    三、座談會記錄
    1. 周志宏主持,〈新版著作權法——著作權保護的一大步?」座談會〉之發言記錄,《月旦法學》第106期,2004年3月。
    貳、英文參考文獻資料
    一、書籍
    1. Alford, William P., To Steal a Book Is an Elegant Offense: Intellectual Property Law in Chinese Civilization (1995).
    2. Baker, C. Edwin, Human Liberty and Freedom of Speech (1989).
    3. Baker, C. Edwin, Media, Markets and Democracy (2002).
    4. Barron, Jerome A. & Dienes, C. Thomas, First Amendment Law 19 (3d ed. 2004).
    5. Cohen , Julie E., Loren, Lydia Pallas, Okediji, Ruth Gana & O’Rourke, Maureen A., Copyright in A Global Information Economy (2003).
    6. Davies, Gillian, Copyright and The Public Interest (2002).
    7. Ginsburg, Jane C., A Tale of Two Copyrights: Literary Property in Revolutionary France and America, 64 Tulane L. Rev. 991 (1990).
    8. Goldstein, Paul, International Copyright (2001).
    9. Habermas, Juergen, The Structural Transformation of The Public Sphere: An Inquiry into A Category of Bourgeois Society (1989).
    10. Halbert, Debora J., Intellectual Property in the Information Age: The Politics of Expanding Ownership Rights (1999).
    11. Leaffer, Marshall A., Understanding Copyright Law (3rd. 1999).
    12. Lessig, Lawrence, The Future of Ideas: The Fate of The Commons in a Connected World (2001).
    13. Litman, Jessica, Digital Copyright (2001).
    14. McChesney, Robert W., The Problem of The Media: U.S. Communication Politics in The Twenty-First Century (2004).
    15. Patterson, Lyman Ray, Copyright in Historical Perspective (1968).
    16. Patterson, Lyman Ray & Lindberg, Stanley W., The Nature of Copyright: The Law of User’s Rights 23 (1991).
    17. Rose, Mark, Authors and Owners: The Invention of Copyright (1993).
    18. Starr, Paul, The Creation of The Media (2004).
    19. Vaidhyanathan, Siva, Copyrights and Copywrongs: The Rise of Intellectual Property and How It Threatens Creativity 183 (2001).
    二、單篇論文
    1. Baker, C. Edwin, First Amendment Limits on Copyright, 55 Vand. L. Rev. 891 (2002)
    2. Benkler, Yochai, A Political Economy of The Public Domain: Markets in Information Goods versus The Marketplace of Ideas, in Rochelle Cooper Dreyfuss, Diane Leenheer Zimmerman & Harry First (eds.), Expanding The Boundaries of Intellectual Property: Innovation Policy for The Knowledge Society 267 (2001).
    3. Benkler, Yochai, Siren Songs and Amish Children: Autonomy, Information and Law, 76 N.Y.U. L. Rev. 23 (2001).
    4. Benkler, Yochai, Constitutional Bounds of Database Protection: The Role of Judicial Review in The Creation and Definition of Private Rights in Information, 15 Berkeley Technology L.J. 535 (2001).
    5. Benkler, Yochai, Intellectual Property and the Organization of Information Production, 22 International Review of Law and Economics 81 (2002).
    6. Benkler, Yochai, Through the Looking Grass: Alice and the Constitutional Foundations of the Public Domain, 66 Law & Contemp. Probs. 173 (Winter/Spring 2003).
    7. Birnhack, Michael D., Copyright Law and Free Speech after Eldred v. Ashcroft, 76 Southern California L. Rev. 1275 (2003).
    8. Birnhack, Michael D., Copyrighting Speech: A Trans-Atlantic View, in Paul L.C. Torremans (ed.), Copyright and Human Rights 37 (2004).
    9. Boyle, James, A Politics of Intellectual Property: Environmentalism for the Net?, 47 Duke L. J. 87 (1997)
    10. Boyle, James, The Second Enclosure Movement and The Construction of The Public Domain, 66 Law & Contemp. Probs. 33 (WinterSpring 2003).
    11. Böckenförde, Ernst-Wolfgang, Safeguarding Liberty in relation to Social Power, in State, Society and Liberty 246 (Berg Publishers 1991) ( J. A. Underwood tran.).
    12. Elkin-Koren, Niva, Cyber Law and Social Change: A Democratic Approach to Copyright Law in Cyberspace, 14 Cardozo Arts & Entertainment L.J. 215 (1996).
    13. Elkin-Koren, Niva, It’s All about Control: Rethinking Copyright in the New Information Landscape, in Niva Elkin-Koren & Neil Weinstock Netanel (eds.), The Commodification of Information 79 (2002).
    14. Fisher, William, Theories of Intellectual Property, in Stephen R. Munzer (ed.), New Essays in the Legal and Political Theory of Property 168 (2001).
    15. Goldstein, Paul, Copyright and the first Amendment, 70 Columbia L. Rev. 983 (1970).
    16. Gordon, Wendy J., Do We Have a Right to Speak with Another’s Language? Eldred and the Duration of Copyright, in Paul L.C. Torremans (ed.), Copyright and Human Rights 109 (2004).
    17. Guibault, Lucie, Limitations found outside of copyright law, General report prepared for the ALAI STUDY DAYS Cambridge, September 14-17, 1998: The Exceptions and Limitations to Copyright (Published 12.01.1999)
    18. Harbermas, Juergen, Further Reflections on the Public Sphere, in Craig Calhoun (ed), Habermas and The Public Sphere 421 (1992).
    19. Habermas, Juergen, Three Normative Models of Democracy, in Ciaran Cronin and Pablo De Greiff (eds.), The Inclusion of The Other: Studies in Political Theory 239 (1998).
    20. Lange, David, Recognizing the Public Domain, 44 Law & Contemp. Probs. 147 (Autumn 1981)
    21. Lange, David, Reimaging the Public Domain, 66 Law & Contemp. Probs. 463 (WinterSpring 2003).
    22. Lemley, Mark A. & Volokh, Eugene, Freedom of Speech and Injunctions in Intellectual Property Cases, 48 Duke L.J. 147 (1998).
    23. Leval, Pierre N., Nimmer Lecture: Fair Use Rescued, 44 UCLA L. Rev. 1449 (1997).
    24. Litman, Jessica, The Public Domain, 39 Emory L.J. 965 (1990).
    25. Netanel, Neil W., Copyright and A Democratic Civil Society, 106 Yale L.J. 283 (1996).
    26. Netanel, Neil W., Market Hierarchy and Copyright in Our System of Free Expression, 53 Vand. L. Rev. 1879 (2000).
    27. Netanel, Neil W., Locating Copyright within the First Amendment Skein, 54 Stan. L. Rev. 1 (2001)
    28. Netanel, Neil W., The Commercial Mass Media’s Continuing Fourth Estate Role, in Niva Elkin-Koren & Neil Weinstock Netanel (eds.), The Commodification of Information 317 (2002)
    29. Netanel, Neil W., Copyright and the First Amendment: What Eldred Misses – and Portends, in Jonathan Griffiths & Uma Suthersanen (eds.), Copyright and Free Speech: Comparative and International Analyses § 6 (2005).
    30. Nimmer, Melville. B., Does Copyright Abridge the First Amendment Guarantees of Free Speech and Press?, 17 UCLA L. Rev. 1180 (1970).
    31. Robin, Edward L., Getting Past Democracy, 149 U. Pa. L. Rev. 711 (2001).
    32. Rose, Mark, Nine-Tenths of The Law: The English Copyright Debates and The Rhetoric of The Public Domain, 66 Law & Contemp. Probs. 75 (WinterSpring 2003).
    33. Rubenfeld, Jed, The Freedom of Imagination: Copyright’s Constitutionality, 112 Yale L.J. 1 (2002)
    34. Samuels, Edward, The Public Domain in Copyright Law 41 J. COPYR. SOC’Y 137 (1993).
    35. Samuelson, Pamela, Copyright, Commodification, and Censorship, in Niva Elkin-Koren & Neil Weinstock Netanel (eds.), The Commodification of Information 63 (2002).
    36. Samuelson, Pamela, The Constitutional Law of Intellectual Property after Eldred v. Ashcroft, 50 Journal of Copyright Society 547 (2003).
    37. Tushnet, Rebecca, Copyright as A Model for Free Speech Law: What Copyright Has in Common with Anti-Pornography Laws, Campaign Finance Reform, and Telecommunications Regulation, 42 Boston College L. Rev. 1 (2001).
    38. Rebecca Tushnet, Copy This Essay: How Fair Use Doctrine Harms Free Speech and How Copying Serves It, 114 Yale L.J. 535 (2004).
    39. Volokh, Eugene, Freedom of Speech and Intellectual Property: Some Thoughts after Eldred, 44 Liquormart, and Bartnicki, 40 Houston L. Rev. 697 (2003)
    三、美國法院判決
    1. Board of Trustees of State University of New York v. Fox, 492 U.S. 469 (1989).
    2. Boos v. Barry, 485 U.S. 312, (1988).
    3. Brandenburg v. Ohio, 395 U.S. 444 (1969).
    4. Central Hudson Gas & Elec. Corp. v. Public Service Commission of New York, 447 U.S. 557 (1980).
    5. Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire, 315 U.S. 568 (1942)
    6. City of Renton v. Playtime Theatres, Inc., 475 U.S. 41 (1986)
    7. Dr. Seuss Enters. V. Penguin Books USA, Inc., 109 F.3d 1394 (9th Cir. 1997).
    8. Eldred v. Ashcroft, 537 U.S. 186 (2003).
    9. Harper & Row Publishers v. Nation Enterprise, 471 U.S. 539 (1985).
    10. Hill v. Colorado, 530 U.S. 703, 719 (2000)
    11. Konigsberg v. State Bar of California, 366 U.S. 36 (1961).
    12. Nichols v. Universal Pictures Corp., 45 F.2d 119 (2d Cir. 1930).
    13. Pacific & Southern Company Inc. v. Duncan, 744 F. 2d 1490, 1499 (11th Cir. 1984)
    14. Police Department of Chicago v. Mosley, 408 U.S. 92 (1972).
    15. Rosemont Enterprises v. Random House Inc., 366 F.2d 303 (2nd Cir. 1966).
    16. Roth Greeting Cards v. United Card Co., 429 F.2d 1106 (9th Cir. 1970).
    17. Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studies, Inc., 464 U.S. 417, 429 (1984).
    18. SunTrust Bank v. Houghton Mifflin Co, 268 F.3d 1257 (11th Cir. 2001).
    19. Time Inc. v. Bernard Geis Associates, 293 F.Supp. 130 (SDNY 1968).
    20. Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. v. F.C.C., 512 U.S. 622 (1994).
    21. Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. v. F.C.C., 520 U.S. 180 (1997).
    22. Universal City Studios, Inc. v. Reimerdes, 111 F. Supp. 2d 294 (S.D.N.Y. 2000), aff`d 273 F.3d 429 (2nd Cir. 2001).
    23. Virginia State Bd. of Pharmacy v. Virginia Citizens Consumer Council, Inc., 425 U.S. 748 (1976).
    24. Walt Disney v. Air Pirates, 345 F. Supp. 108, 115 (N.D. Cal. 1972), aff’d in part, reversed in part, 581 F.2d 751 (9th Cir. 1978).
    25. Ward v. Rock Against Racism, 491 U.S. 781 (1989).
    26. West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish, 300 U.S. 379 (1937).
    27. World Church of God v. Philadelphia Church of God, Inc., 227 F.3d 1110 (9th Cir. 2000), cert. denied, 532 U.S. 958 (2001).
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    法律學研究所
    90651001
    93
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0906510012
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[Department of Law] Theses

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