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    題名: 文字時代的口語人:文化工具箱觀點之初探
    作者: 吳翠松
    Wu ,Tsui-Sung
    貢獻者: 鍾蔚文
    吳翠松
    Wu ,Tsui-Sung
    關鍵詞: 媒介生態學
    文化工具箱
    口語表達
    文盲
    媒介文化
    media ecology
    cultural tool-kit
    oral expression
    illiterate
    media cultrue
    日期: 2004
    上傳時間: 2009-09-17 15:47:01 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 本研究源自於McLuhan「媒介就是訊息」的說法。研究者認為,關於媒介與人類心靈間的互動關係,如果真如麥氏所說,不同的媒介使用會造成不同思維及傳播方式的話,那麼或許我們可以反過來進一步提問,未受過文字教育,不使用「文字」做為思維溝通工具的文盲,怎麼思考及口語表達?他們的思考方式又和受過文字教育的人有什麼不同?
    事實上,本文的主要研究問題與目的,並非只在說明文盲的口語表達行為,更重要的是,研究者試圖以媒介使用差異為切入點,建立一套解釋人類口語表達行為的初步架構,而這個解釋架構的完成,則需透過文盲口語表達行為的觀察與說明而來。
    在本文中,研究者特別強調報導人所處整體「媒介文化」情境對其思維與行為的影響性,並透過文獻檢閱及十五位報導人田野觀察的過程,研究者將媒介定義為一種「文化工具箱」,研究者並進一步以這兩個概念,延伸McLuhan「媒介就是訊息」的概念,提出本研究的解釋架構:

    非單一媒介,而是人們所處的整體「媒介文化」影響人們的口語表達行為。不同的媒介文化會形塑不同的文化工具箱,在日常生活的口語表達行為中,人們即是利用這些文化工具箱,來解決問題及達成目的;但反過來說,這些文化工具箱也會限制和影響人們所思所為。

    在此,「媒介文化」一詞,指的是以思維溝通工具為首,所創造出的文化環境,與傳統傳播學中指涉的媒體內部文化意義並不相同。「文化工具箱」指的則是那些經由所處文化形塑而來的各式有形及無形的成套工具。在本文中,研究者調特別強調,文化工具箱是以多重成套的方式共存。亦即,在解決某一問題時,我們腦中同時可能存有多個甚至相互衝突的文化工具箱,人們即是利用這些共存的多重文化工具箱,選擇出適當的問題解決工具。故而我們可以說,在解決問題的過程,人們仍具有相當程度的自主性。
    另外,必須強調的是,本文在媒介文化中所提的口語/文字/電子文化分類,並非是個截然二分的概念,而是一種「偏向」。因為現存文化中,大半同時包含了口語、文字和電子文化的作用,只不過不同的媒介文化,在其中所造成的作用力有其大小罷了。故而本文以口語和文字/電子偏向文化稱之,旨在說明口語/文字/電子文化的連續和混合特性。
    同樣的,在本文中,文化工具箱也是種「偏向」概念,亦即,文化工具箱的形成與使用,並非處於一種截然二分的狀態,而是種習慣的傾向,故而某些文化工具箱,也許較常在口語文化偏向或口語人身上使用,但並不意謂著文字/電子文化偏向或文字/電子人,就不使用這些文化工具箱,只不過相對上來說,使用的技能和頻次可能少了些。
    至於這個文化工具箱使用的選擇偏向,主要與我們的生活/生長環境有關,生活/生長於某媒介文化中人,因為從小到大就身處在一個使用該文化所形塑的文化工具箱的環境中,所以會偏向選用該文化所形塑之工具箱,且使用技能較佳。
    This study tries to establish a media theory to explain the oral expression of people. In this study we propose some ideas through the filed observation of 15 illiterate’s oral expression and the literature review.
    First, not media only factor but the whole media culture affects people’s thinking way and oral expression. Second, all media are cultural product, so we call them cultural tool-kit. And when people use a media to solve some problems, they must be affected by the culture. Third, sometimes we choose the different cultural tool-kit to solve the same problem, so tool-kit’s use is a kind of people’s actively choice process. Fourth, the choice process of cultural toolkits is a kind of bias behavior. The people growing in a oral media culture bias to use oral media cultural toolkits to solve problems. Fifth, although we actively use cultural toolkit to solve problems in our everyday, but these cultural toolkits also affect our thinking way and oral expression.
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