| Reference: | 壹、英文部分
一、書籍
Danks, Catherine. Russian Politics and Society: An Introduction. England: Longman, 2001.
Dean, Alger. The Media and Politics. Belmont: Wadsworth Pub, 1996.
Graber, Doris A.. Media Power in Politics. Washington, D.C.: CQ Press, 1994.
Graffy, Julian., Hosking Geoffrey A., Culture and the Media in the USSR Today. London: Macmillan, 1989.
Hough, Jerry F.. , Evelyn Davidheiser and Susan Goodrich Lehmann, The 1996 Russian Presidential Election. Washington D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 1996.
McFaul, Michael. Russia’s 1996 Presidential Election- The end of Polarized Politics. California: Hoover Institution Press, Stanford University, 1997.
McFaul, Michael. Russia between Elections: What the 1995 Parliamentary Elections Really Mean. Washington D. C.: Carnegie Edowment for International Peace, 1996.
Mickiewicz Ellen Propper, “Television, Campaigning, and Elections in the Soviet Union and Post-Soviet Russia, ”Politics, Media, and Modern Democracy : An International Study of Innovations in Electoral Campaigning and Their Consequences . Edited by David L. Swanson and Mancini. Westport Conn.: Praeger, 1996.
Mickiewicz Ellen Propper, Changing Channels: Television and the Struggle for Power in Russia. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.
Oates, Sarah. “Politics and the Media”, Developments in Russian Politics. Edited by Stephen White, Alex Pravda and Zvi Gitelman, Hampshire: Palgrave,2001.
Roskin, Michael G.. Countries and Concepts: An Introduction to Comparative Politics, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 1995.
Stephen, White. Communist and Postcommunist Political Systems: An Introduction. London: Macmillan Education, 1990.
The American University and Moscow State University, Demokratizatsiya: the Journal of Post-Soviet Democratization. Heldref Publications in cooperation with The American University and Moscow State University, 1994.
White, Stephen., Alex Pravda and Zvi Gitelman. Developments in Russian and Post-Soviet Politics. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1994.
White, Stephen.,Richard Rose and Ian McAllister, How Russia Votes. New Jersey: Chatham House Publishers, 1997.
White,Stephen. After Gorbachev. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993.
Wyman, Matthew. Public Opinion in Postcommunist Russia. London: Macmillan, 1997.
Zassoursky Yassen, Vartanova Elena. Changing Media and Communications. Moscow: Faculty of Journalism & Publisher ICAR, 1998.
Zassoursky, Ivan. Media and Power in Post-Soviet Russia, London: M.E. Sharpe, 2004.
二、期刊
Androunas, Elena. “The Struggle for Control over Soviet Television” Journal of Communication, 1991, Vol.40, Issue2.
Becker, Jonathan. “Lessons from Russia: A Neo-Authoritarian Media System” European Journal of Communication, 2004, Vol.19, Issue 2.
Coudenhove, Sophia. “Russian Papers Press Hard for Yeltsin” Moscow Times, 1996, Vol.6.
Ford, Peter. “Russia´s Free Press Opts not to Play Fair before Elections”Christian Science Monitor, 1996, Vol.88, Issue106.
Kalb, Marvin. “The Russian Oligarchs and the Press Interview with the First Deputy Minister Boris Nemtsov” The Harvard International Journal of Press Politics, 1999, Vol.4, Issue3.
Kramer, Michael. “Rescuing Boris: The Secret Story of How Four U.S. Advisers Used Polls, Focus Group, Negative Ads and All The Other Techniques of American Campaigning to Help Boris Yeltsin Win.” Time International, July 15, 1996, Vol.148, Issue 4.
Lipman, Masha., Michael Mcfaul. “Managed Democracy in Russia-Putin and the Press” The Harvard International Journal of Press Politics, 2001,Vol 6, Issue3.
MacKenzie, David. “Whither Russia : Democracy or Communism ?” Historian, 1996,Vol.59 , Issue 1.
McCormack, Gillian. “Patterns of Media Control in Post-Soviet Elections” Russia and Eurasia Review, 2002, Vol.1, Issue10.
McNair, Brian. “Media in Post-Soviet Russia: An Overview” European Journal of Communication, 1994, Vol. 9, Issue2.
Mickiewicz, Ellen Propper. “Piracy, Policy, and Russia´s Emerging Media Market” The Harvard Journal of Press/Politics, 2001, Vol.6, Issue2.
Oates, Sarah. “Roselle Laura, “Russian Elections and TV News: Comparison of Campaign News on State-Controlled and Commercial Television Channels” The Harvard Journal of Press/Politics, Vol5, Issue2.
Pankin, Alexei. “Economic Constraints on Media Independence and Pluralism in Eastern and Central Europe”,1998, Vol.7, Issue1.
Pankin, Alexei. “Russia´s Elections Misreported” Press/Politics, 1997, Vol.2, Issue1.
White, Stephen., McAllister Ian and Oates Sarah. “Was It Russian Public Television That Won It?” The Harvard Journal of Press/Politics, 2002, Vol.7, Issue2.
White, Stephen., Oates Sarah. “Politics and the Media in Postcommunist Russia” Politics, 2003, Vol.23, Issue1.
Zarycky, George. “A Primer on the Russian Elections” Freedom Review, 1996, Vol.27, Issue3.
三、英文網站
1.Archive, http://archive.tol.cz/Publications/RPE/Index.html
2.Boston University, http://www.bu.edu/iscip/vol8/Korotich.html
3.Columbia international affair online, www.ciaonet.org
4.Freedom house, www.freedomhouse.org
5.Law on Mass Media, http://www.internews.ru/law/massmedia/
6.Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty , www.rferl.org
7.Russia media links, www.uta.fi/~tijupie/linkit.html
8.Russia media, http://media-ru.com
9.Russian Media, www.russianmedia.de
10.Slavic Research Center, http://src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp/index-e.html
11.The center for strategic and International studies, www.csis.org/press/index.cfm
12.The European Institute for the Media, www.eim.org
13.Transition online: unique coverage of post soviet countries, www.tol.cz/look/TOLnew/home.tpl
貳、俄文部分
一、書籍
С.В. Большаков, В.И. Казьмин, М.В. Гришина Н.А. Бударина, Средства Массовой Информации и Выборы, Москва：ОАО “Типография Новости”, 2003г.
二、網站
1. Центральная избирательная комиссия Российской Федерации
, http://www.cikrf.ru/
2. Интерньюс Россия, http://www.internews.ru/report/tv/tv23.html
3. Официальная Россия, www.gov.ru
4. Интегрум, www.nns.ru
5. СССР, http://cccp.narod.ru
參、中文部分
（一）中文書籍
胡逢瑛、吳非著。 透視蘇俄傳媒轉型變局。台北：秀威資訊科技，2005年。
趙竹成 著。 俄羅斯聯邦體制的憲政基礎及其衝突。台北：韋伯文化，2002年。
岳永紅 編。 當代俄羅斯社會與文化。上海：上海外語教育出版社，2001年。
孔寒冰 編。 當代各國政治體制-俄羅斯。蘭州：蘭州大學出版社，2001年。
奈葛林（Negrine, Ralp）著。 媒體與政治。台北：木棉，2001年。
吳玉山 著。 俄羅斯轉型1992-1999年：一個政治經濟學的分析。台北：五南，2000年。
董曉陽 著。 俄羅斯利益集團。北京：當代世界出版社，1999年。
劉向文 著。 俄羅斯聯邦憲政制度。北京：法律出版社，1999年。
李萬來 著。 電視傳播與政治。台北：正中書局，1995年。
李瞻 著。 世界新聞史。台北：三民書局，1993年。
周陽山 著。 自由與權威。台北：三民，1990年
邵定康 著。各國憲法與新聞自由。台北：新聞記者公會，1970年。
（二）中文期刊
王承宗 著。 「前蘇聯與俄羅斯傳媒之研究」，問題與研究。台北：1999年11月，第三十八卷第十一期。
（三）中文網站
張盛發，〈論戈巴契夫改革在俄國現代化進程中的歷史地位〉，《公法評論》。 http://www.gongfa.com/zhangsfgeerbaqiaofu.htm
程曼麗，轉型期俄羅斯新聞業透視，《國際新聞界》。 http://news3.xinhuanet.com/newmedia/2003-06/28/content_943145.htm |
