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    Title: 台商赴海外投資對國內勞動結構與勞動需求的影響之探討
    Authors: 黃啟宏
    Contributors: 林祖嘉
    Lin,Chu-Chia
    黃啟宏
    Keywords: 對外投資
    勞動結構
    台商
    Date: 2003
    Issue Date: 2009-09-18 15:53:20 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 本研究旨在探討對外投資對國內就業與產業的影響,即對外投資是否會造成國內產業空洞化並減少國內就業機會,抑或對外投資只會造成廠商生產型態的重新配置,反而會加速國內產業的升級?本文利用1980至2002之間台灣製造業各類員工雇用的資料為研究對象,專注於產業內就業結構的變化與影響因素。

    從製造業的勞力密集、資本密集及技術密集的指標來看,國內製造業生產結構逐漸朝向低勞力密集、高資本密集及高技術密集發展,顯示過去國內產業並沒有空洞化的現象。從國際產業分工的觀點來看,廠商如能透過對外投資來充分運用國際資源,將使本身營運更有彈性,提高在國際上的競爭力,因此對外投資廠商會適度調整國內的生產型態,不但不會有產業空洞化的疑慮,反而能促使產業升級。

    本文首先將勞動變動拆解成產業間結構調整的變動和產業內生產型態的變動,結果發現台灣製造業在1987年後,產業內生產型態調整的影響越來越大,且朝向高技術人力密集為主,顯示1987年之後廠商雖然大量進行對外投資,但同時在生產型態也有大幅度的改變。但是單純從勞動結構變動的解析,並不能因此確定對外投資是造成產業內生產型態改變的原因。因此為了進一步了解何種因素造使了產業內生產型態的調整,我們利用成本函數推求出勞動需求函數、勞動比例函數和工資份額函數,首先利用Kmenta-Parks方法來解決迴歸分析所產生自我迴歸與變異數不齊一的問題,最後以SUR法進行迴歸分析。

    實證結果發現廠商到海外投資後,雖然使非技術工及體力工的就業機會流失,但對大陸投資也增加了事務工作人員及工程師的就業機會,而對非大陸地區投資更是增加了主管及監督人員、事務工作人員、工程師及技術員的就業機會。顯示海外投資雖然出口就業,但也創造新的就業。因此我們發現廠商到海外投資非但沒有使產業空洞化,反而使廠商更重視研究發展及自我品牌的建立,顯示廠商到海外投資與國內產業升級有相輔相成的效果。另外技術進步也使產業的生產型態改善,造成低技術員工的失業增加,因此將國內低技術員工的失業全歸咎於廠商的對外投資並不正確。所以,討論該不該放行廠商赴海外投資,倒不如應思考如何協助低技術員工能提升技能及順利轉業來得有意義。
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    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    經濟研究所
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    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0090258009
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