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    Title: 開放式經營模式演進歷程分析之研究-以台積電為例
    The analysis of evolutionary process of open business model - a case study of TSMC
    Authors: 楊凱期
    Yang, Kai-Chi
    Contributors: 溫肇東
    Wen, Chao-Tung
    楊凱期
    Yang, Kai-Chi
    Keywords: 開放式創新
    經營模式
    開放式經營模式
    企業發展
    演進歷程
    台積電
    Open Innovation
    Business Model
    Open Business Model
    Enteprise Development
    Evolutionary Process
    TSMC
    Date: 2008
    Issue Date: 2009-09-18 20:08:56 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 現今產業環境變化加速,知識工作者高度流動、產品生命週期越來越短、以及研發成本不斷提高,「創新」出現了革命性的變化。封閉已經成為過去,現在是「開放式經營模式」的時代,要掌握決勝未來的關鍵,就必須掌握與合作夥伴創新的能力。這個新模式,不只改變了企業的成長動能,更重要的是它改變了遊戲規則。「開放式經營模式」已經成為跨越地理疆界、打破速度、解決資源匱乏的新存亡關鍵。<br>企業向外尋找創新來源的過程中,必須積極地自外界搜尋、截取新的想法、資源,同時也要讓企業內部所研發創新的技術向外流出,讓外界運用。此外,企業必須進行經營模式的創新,與更多的供應商、顧客形成一新的產業生態系,企業主導其經營模式成為平台,與經營的夥伴共同承擔風險,同時共享其利潤,從中為整個產業生態系創造更大的價值,也為自己的企業創造更大的價值,此即為「開放式經營模式」的典範。<br>本研究將分析探討究竟企業是如何逐漸從原先的經營模式逐漸演進為開放式經營模式,理解其演進發展的過程中關鍵的成功因素為何,企業需經歷哪些重大的變革,以及企業欲成為開放式經營模式之平台的主導廠商,需要哪些關鍵的能力及資源。本研究採用歷史研究法及個案研究法,以台積電作為個案之例進行研究,發現從企業的核心策略演進分析、策略性資源演進分析、顧客介面演進分析、價值網絡演進分析,分別找出了企業演進為開放式經營模式的關鍵因素,且發現這些關鍵之間彼此有著緊密地互動與連結,而「開放式經營平台」即扮演著此一重要的角色。<br>透過本研究的分析探討,提供業界企業經營模式的演進以成為開放式經營模式之模型參考,以及企業欲實踐開放式經營模式實務上的作法,對於Chesbrough(2006)所提出之開放式經營模式的理論得到了實務上的驗證。此外,本研究亦提供了一結合Chesbrough(2006)開放式經營模式觀點以及Hamel(2000)經營模式理論之基礎架構,可作為研究探討企業開放式經營模式之演進歷程分析的理論基礎,且針對原先學者所提出的理論進行相關的討論與進一步的詮釋與修正。此外此一基礎架構也提供產學界對於未來開放式經營模式相關的管理議題,有更多後續的研究與發展。
    The environment of industry is rapidly changing and highly turnover rate of knowledge workers. Product lifecycle become shorter. R&D cost increases constantly. “Innovation” has the revolutionary change. Closing has already become the history. Now, it’s the era of “Open Business Model”. For controlling the key of success in the future, we should control the ability to innovate with partners. This new model not only transforms the growth kinetic energy of the enterprise but also changes the game rule more importantly. “Open Business Model” have become the live or dead key of crossing over the geographical boundaries, breaking the limitation of pace, and solving the problem of deficient resources.<br>In the process of enterprise finding innovative sources from the outwards, enterprise must search for the external world actively, acquire the new ideas and resources, and let the internal technology of R&D innovation flow to the outwards for the application of external world at the same time. Besides, enterprises must proceed the innovation of business model and collaborated with more suppliers and customers to sustain in the new eco system. Enterprises will lead and change business model in e-platform, undertake the risks with business partners, and share the profits together at the same time. In the process, not only it creates more values for the entire eco system, but also it creates much more values for itself. It’s the paradigm of “Open Business Model”.<br>The research analyzed and observed how the enterprise developed from the original business model to the open business model gradually. We realized what the critical successful factors are in the development period of evolution process, what the significant changes the enterprise need to experience, and what the keys of capability and resources the enterprise need to become the leading manufacturer of the open innovation platform. The research adopts historical research and case study method, and takes the Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) as a case study for the research. Based on the open business model perspectives, “core strategy”, “strategic resources”, “customer interface” and “value network”, the research find out the key factors in the evolution period. Moreover, the research observed the “Open Innovation Platform” plays an important role on interactive relationship between these critical factors.<br>The research also provides enterprise the framework of how to evolve into open business model, as well as the practical experience of how to approach the open business model. The theory of open business model which Chesbrough (2006) proposed is verified in real business. In addition, the research also provides the basis of the theoretical framework which is the combination of Chesbrough (2006) open business model perspective and Hamel (2000) business model theory. It could be used as the foundamental theory of analyzing the open business model evolution for the following research. This research also provides the topics of the following open business model or other related managerial issues for the academic and practical research.
    Reference: 一、中文部份
    1. 台灣積體電路製造股份有限公司年報,1988-2008。
    2. 半導體工業年鑑,1991-2008,經濟部技術處。
    3. 申雲勇,2006,協同設計創新對於半導體價値鏈之影響:以DFM為例,國立政治大學科技管理研究所經營管理碩士學程碩士論文。
    4. 伍忠賢,2006,透視台積電-打造全球第一晶圓帝國,台北:五南出版。
    5. 曲威光,2004,細說奈米科技與微製造產業,台北:新陸出版。
    6. 余宜芳,2007,台積DNA:年輕工作者的40堂修練課,台北:天下出版。
    7. 吳思華、沈榮欽,1999,「台灣積體電路產業的型成與發展」,管理資本在台灣,蔡墩浩編,台北:遠流文化。
    8. 巫木誠,2001,「邁向世界第一的晶圓專製業」,活力─台灣半導體產業與個人電腦產業奇蹟,張俊彥與游伯龍編著,台北:時報出版。
    9. 范淑惠,2007,以開放式創新觀點看企業新產品開發及經營模式之個案研究,國立臺灣科技大學企業管理系碩士論文。
    10. 洪廣朋、黃旭男,2002,廠商之電子化策略及其影響因素之研究-以台積電及宏碁電腦為例,台北:科技管理學刊。
    11. 洪懿妍,2003,創新引擎,台北:天下出版。
    12. 楊宏駿,2007,半導體研發活動中專案類型與技術特性之研究-以T公司製程研發專案為例,國立政治大學科技管理研究所碩士論文。
    13. 楊艾俐,1998,IC 教父張忠謨的策略傳奇,台北:天下出版
    14. 趙煥光,2007,開放式經營模式創新個案研究—以國內最大產業自動化廠商為研究對象,國立臺灣科技大學管理研究所碩士論文。
    15. 劉孟華譯,亞德里安.史萊渥斯基、大衛.莫里森、卡爾.韋伯、柯克.克雷默著,2002,他們的數位化經營策略:臺積電、IBM、奇異、戴爾電腦創造高獲利的秘訣,台北:遠流出版。
    16. 蔡政安,2005,台灣晶圓代工產業的斷裂性創新初步研究,國立政治大學科技管理研究所碩士論文。
    17. 韓燕甯,2008,從開放式創新觀點探討NTT DoCoMo平台型經營模式,國立政治大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。
    18. 簡禎富、史欽泰、陳亭蓁,2008,創意電子-智慧財產的設計服務模式,光華管理個案收錄庫。
    19. 顧淑馨譯、安娜麗.薩克瑟尼安著,2008,新世代科技冒險家-歸國創業家的網絡競爭力,台北:天下出版。
    二、英文部份
    1. Chesbrough, Henry William, 2003. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating And Profiting from Technology. Harvard Business School Press.
    2. Chesbrough, Henry William, 2006. Open Business Models: How To Thrive In The New Innovation Landscape. Harvard Business School Press.(李芳齡譯,2007,開放式經營-創新獲利新典範,台北:天下出版)
    3. Chesbrough, Henry, 2007. Business model innovation: it`s not just about technology anymore. Strategy and Leadership, 35(6), pp12-17.
    4. Chesbrough, Henry; Kevin Schwartz, 2007. Innovating Business Models with Co-Development Partnerships. Research-Technology Management, 50(1), pp55-59.
    5. Chesbrough, Henry, 2004. Managing Open Innovation: Chess and Poker. Research-Technology Managemen, 47(1), pp13-16.
    6. Chesbrough, Henry; Wim Vanhaverbeke and Joel West, editors, 2006. Open Innovation: Researching a New Paradigm. Oxford University Press.
    7. Chesbrough, Henry; Richard S. Rosenbloom, 2002. The role of the business model in capturing value from innovation. Industrial and Corporate Change, 11(3),pp529-555.
    8. Chesbrough, Henry, 2007. Why Companies Should Have Open Business Models. MIT Sloan Management Review, 48(2), pp22-28.
    9. Gary, Hamel, 2000. Leading the Revolution. Harvard Business School Press.(李田樹、李芳齡譯,2000,啟動革命,台北:天下文化)
    10. Gassmann, Oliver, 2006. Opening up the innovation process:Toward an agenda. R&D Management, Page 223-228, June 2006.
    11. Gemünden, H. G., Ritter, T. & Heydebreck, P., 1996. Network configuration and innovation success: An empirical analysis in German high-tech industries.International Journal of Reasearch in Marketing, 13, 449-462.
    12. Mitchell, D., Coles, C., 2003. The Ultimate Competitive Advantage of Continuing Business Model Innovation. The Journal of Business Strategy, 24(5), pp15-21.
    13. Schmid, B., R. Alt, H. Zimmermann, and B. Buchet, 2001, Anniversary edition: business models. Electronic Markets, 11(1), pp3-9.
    14. Timmers, P., 1998. Business Models for Electronic Markets. Electronic Markets. 8(2), pp3-8.
    15. Tellis, G. J and Golder, P. N., 2001. Will and Vision- How Latecomers Grow to Dominate Markets. McGraw-Hill Company Inc.
    16. Voelpel, S. C., M. Leibold, and E. B. Tekie, 2004. The wheel of business model reinvention: how to reshape your business model to leapfrog competitors. Journal of Change Management, 4(3), pp259-276.
    17. Yin, R. K., 1994. Case Study Research: Design and Methods. 2nd Edn. London:Sage Publication.(尚榮安譯,2001,個案研究,台北:弘智文化出版)
    18. Yin, R. K., 2003. Case Study Research: Design and Methods. 3rd Edn. London:Sage Publication.
    三、網站及其他部份
    1. 天下雜誌編輯部,2007/10/10,為何經營模式必須開放,天下雜誌382期。
    2. 王曉玟,2008/05/07,服務創新進攻新市場,天下雜誌396期。
    3. 台積電公司網站:http://www.tsmc.com.tw/。
    4. 台積電Open Innovation Platform商標地圖,2008/04/22,科技產業資訊室,檢索:http://cdnet.stpi.org.tw/techroom/analysis/2008/pat_08_A023.htm。
    5. 台積電力推晶圓代工生態系統,2008/04/21,科技產業資訊室,檢索:http://cdnet.stpi.org.tw/techroom/analysis/2008/pat_08_A022.htm。
    6. 朱博湧,台積電價值創新坐穩代工龍頭,檢索:http://www.bookzone.com.tw/event/cb326/nin03_1.asp。
    7. 宋東,2008/01/16,用「設計力」創新,天下雜誌389期。
    8. 吳韻儀,2007/09/26,開放式創新的9個關鍵解答,天下雜誌381期。
    9. 吳韻儀.張漢宜,2007/09/12,不結盟,就等死!,天下雜誌380期。
    10. 馬立得,2008/06/19,先進製程需求減緩台積電審慎佈局新技術藍圖,電子工程專輯,檢索:http://www.eettaiwan.com/ART_8800530050_480202_NT_031e207f.HTM。
    11. 涂志豪,2008/04/22,台積電推出開放創新平台,工商時報,檢索:http://news.chinatimes.com/CMoney/News/News-Page/0,4442,content+120609+122008042200617,00.html。
    12. 黃靖萱,2007/10/10,革命性的企業獲利模式-開放力,天下雜誌382期。
    13. 開放式創新官方網站:http://www.openinnovation.net/。
    14. 開放式創新與開放式創新指標,2008/02/25,科技產業資訊室,檢索:http://cdnet.stpi.org.tw/techroom/pclass/2008/pclass_08_A018.htm
    15. 晶圓代工不只比技術也比氣長,科技產業資訊室,檢索:http://cdnet.stpi.org.tw/techroom/market/eeic/eeic176.htm。
    16. 楊淑娟,2006/08/16,寶鹼&Google的創新法則,天下雜誌353期。
    17. 劉常勇,2004,精簡研發的觀念,科技管理學習知識庫,檢索:http://www.cme.org.tw/itkm/index.htm。
    18. 熊毅晰、王曉玟,2008/05,台積電張忠謀:開放創新打造不敗企業,天下雜誌,檢索:http://www.cw.com.tw/article/index.jsp?id=34573。
    19. 熊毅晰、王曉玟,2008/05/07,開拓新時代,天下雜誌396期。
    20. 熊毅晰,2007/10/10,開放服務台積電打造完整的設計生態系統,天下雜誌382期。
    21. 魏茂國,2007/11,開放式創新打造企業開放力與競爭力,工業技術與資訊193期11月號。
    22. 曠文琪、王茜穎,2008/03/31,《全球話題》非我發明症後群,商業週刊1062期。
    23. 蘇柏鈞,2008/10,策略創新個案11-台積電—虛擬晶圓廠,創新論壇,檢索:http://www.itia.org.tw/phpbb/viewtopic.php?f=37&t=1035。
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    科技管理研究所
    96359009
    97
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0096359009
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[科技管理研究所] 學位論文

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