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    Title: 蘇聯解體後俄羅斯對其遠東地區中國移民政策之研究(1992-2010)
    A study on post-soviet Russia’s policy on the Chinese migration in Russia’s Far East (1992-2010)
    Authors: 林平平
    Lin, Ping Ping
    Contributors: 王定士
    Wang, Ding Shu
    林平平
    Lin, Ping Ping
    Keywords: 中國移民
    俄羅斯遠東地區
    黃禍論
    Chinese Migrants
    Russia`s Far Eastern Region
    Yellow Peril
    Date: 2009
    Issue Date: 2010-12-09 15:24:54 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 俄羅斯開發其遠東地區,旨在挹注其總體經濟發展,而開發其遠東地區,則需要引進大量中國勞力;至於引進中國勞力,則是俄中戰略協作夥伴關係雙邊合作機制的一環;然而,一旦中國勞力大量湧進俄羅斯屬遠東地區,勢必對俄羅斯的國家安全造成一定程度的威脅,此一地緣政治考量,無可避免對俄羅斯引進中國勞力的政策產生制約;在此矛盾因素考量之下,對於在遠東地區引進中國勞力的政策,產生正反兩面針鋒相對的爭論;因此,俄羅斯對遠東地區中國移民政策是上述經濟發展、勞動力問題、國際戰略與地緣政治等因素,透過克里姆林政治的互動形塑而成。

    上述假設命題又可以引申出下列邏輯相關子命題:
    (一)俄羅斯為了挹注其總體的經濟發展,需要大量外來勞力來開發其遠東地區。
    (二)俄羅斯引進大量中國勞力,乃是俄中戰略協作夥伴關係雙邊合作機制的一環。
    (三)俄羅斯引進大量中國勞力,勢必對俄羅斯安全構成威脅。
    (四)俄羅斯遠東地區的中國移民政策,乃是克里姆林政治互動的結果。
    The purpose of this study is aimed at exploring the driving forces behind Russia’s policies on Chinese immigration in its Far East in terms of geopolitics, international strategy and the Kremlin politics.
    It is hypothesized in this study that with the development of Russia’s Far East region, it will help the overall economic development, and, in order to development its Far East, it is necessary for Russian government to recruit a large number of Chinese labors; as for the introduction of Chinese labors, it constitutes a link of Sino-Russian partnership of strategic coordination. However, once Chinese labor forces enter into the Russian Far East, it would create a threat to Russian national security. Under this geo-political consideration, it inevitably constitutes constraints for Russia on the introduction of Chinese labor forces. With these kinds of contradictory considerations, therefore, the formulation of Russia’s policy on Chinese immigration in its Far East should be analyzed in terms of economic, population, international strategy and geopolitics factors through the Kremlin political interaction.
    The above assumption can also derive the following logically related propositions:
    (1) In order to inject the overall economic development, Russian government needs a large number of foreign labors to develop the Far East.
    (2) Importing large quantities of Chinese labors is an integrated link of Sino-Russian partnership of strategic coordination.
    (3) Introducing a large number of Chinese labor forces constitutes a threat to Russian security.
    (4) Russia’s policy on Chinese immigration in its Far East is formulated as a result of Kremlin political interaction in terms of economic, population, international strategy and geopolitics factors.
    Reference: Chinese Literature
    (1) Book
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    (2) Journal
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    牛燕平,「俄羅斯遠東地區人口與勞動力資源問題」,西伯利亞研究6 (2004): 14-19。[Niu Yanping, Eluosi yuandongdiqu renkou yu laodongli ziyuan wenti (Russian Far East population and labor resources) Xibaliya Yanjiu (Siberian Research) 6 (2004): 14-19.]
    王定士,「俄羅斯千禧年總統選舉研究」,中山人文科學期刊2 (2000): 35-62。[Wang Dingshi, Eluosi qianxinian zongtong xuanju yanjiu (A study on the Russian presidential elections in the new millennium) Zhongshan Renwen Kexiao Qikan (Zhongshan Humanities Journal) 2 (2000): 35-62.]
    王慶平,「中俄毗鄰地區勞務合作的現狀、制約因素及策略」,商業研究319 (2005): 51-52。[Wang Qingping, Zhongepilindiqu laowuhezuo de xianzhuan zhiyueyinsu Ji Celu:e (The status, constraints and strategies of labor service cooperation in Sino-Russia adjacent areas) Shangye Yanjiu (Business Research) 319 (2005): 51-52.]
    任秀娟,「中國與俄羅斯遠東經貿合作概況追溯與展望」,學術交流4 (2007): 128-130。[Ren Xiujuan, Zhongguo yu Eluosi yuandong jingmao hezuo gaikuang zhuisu yu zhanwang (Economic and trade cooperation between China and the Russian Far East Overview retrospective and prospects) Xiaoshu Jiaoliu (Academic Exchange) 4 (2007): 128-130.]
    宋海洋,谷合強,張俊紅,「從地緣政治角度解讀俄遠東地區中國移民問題」,西伯利亞研究10 (2006): 47-50。[Song Haiyang, Gu Hejiang, Zhang Jungong, Cong diyuan zhengzhi jiaodu jiedou Eyuandong diqu zhongguoyimin wenti (From a geopolitical perspective with the Russian Far East, Chinese immigration problem) Xibaliya Yanjiu (Siberian Research)10 (2006): 47-50.]
    李志學,「俄羅斯中國新移民現狀述評」, 西伯利亞研究5 (2006):40-46。[Li Zhixiao, Eluosi zhongguo xinyimin xianzhuang shuping (The review on the status of Russian new immigrants from China) Xibaliya Yanjiu (Siberian Research) 5 (2006):40-46.]
    李傳勳,「近年來中俄毗鄰地區政治關係分析」,俄羅斯中亞東歐研究3 (2003): 12-18。[Li Chuanxun, Jinnianlai ZhongE pilin diqu zhengzhi quanxi fenxi (In recent years the Sino-Russian political relations between the analysis of adjacent areas) Eluosi Zhongya Dongou Yanjiu (The Russian Central Asia, East European Studies) 3 (2003): 12-18.
    杜立克,「淺析俄羅斯遠東地區的人口危機問題」,內蒙古大學學報4 (2003): 97-101。[Du Like, Qianxi Eluosi yuandong diqu de renkou weiji wenti (An Analysis of the Russian Far East`s population crisis) Neimenggu Daxiao Xiaobao (Journal of Inner Mongolia University) 4 (2003): 97-101.
    沈莉華,「關于俄羅斯遠東中國移民問題的思考」,東北亞論壇4 (2005): 70-75。[Shen Lihua, Guanyu Eluosi yuandong zhongguo yimin wenti de sikao (The thinking on the Russian Far East Chinese immigration) Dongbeiya Luntan (Northeast Asia Forum) 4 (2005): 70-75.]
    周建英,「俄有關人士對中俄戰略協作夥伴關係實現過程中幾個問題的看法」,西伯利亞研究4 (2007): 88-90。[Zhou Jianying, E youguan renshi uui ZhongE zhanlu:e xiezuo huoban quanxi shixian guochengzhong jige wenti de kanfa (Russia interested persons on the Sino-Russian strategic cooperative partnership in the course of the views of several issues) Xibaliya Yanjiu (Siberian Research) 4 (2007): 88-90.]
    殷劍平,「中國人在遠東:從『威脅』到促進遠東經濟穩定發展的因素」,俄羅斯中亞東歐研究3 (2006):24-32。[Yan Jianping, Zhongguoren zaiyuandong :cong “Weixie” dao cujin yuandong jingji wending fazhan de yinsu (The factors for the Chinese in the Far East: from “Threat” to promote the steady development of the Far Eastern Economy) Eluosi Zhongya Dongou Yanjiu (The Russian Central Asia and East European Studies) 3 (2006):24-32.]
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    郭力,「淺析俄羅斯的東北亞戰略」,西伯利亞研究4 (2003): 30-39。[Guo Li, Qianxi Eluosi de dongbeiya zhanlu:e (An Analysis of Russia`s Northeast Asia strategy) Xibaliya Yanjiu (Siberian Research) 4 (2003): 30-39.]
    黃定天、趙俊亞,「俄羅斯遠東地區中國移民狀況述論」,人口學刊5 (2006): 9-12。[Huang Dingtian, Zhao Junya, Eluosi yuandongdiqu zhongguoyimin zhuangkuang shulun] (The review on the status of Chinese immigration in the Russian Far East) Renkou Xiaokan (Population Journal) 5 (2006): 9-12.]
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    萬紅,「試論二十世紀前期中俄黑龍江沿岸移民活動」,吉林省教育學院學報6 (2009): 100-101。[Wan Gong, Shilun ershi shiji qianqi ZhongE Heilongjiang yanan yimin huodong (On the early twentieth century, the coastal migration in Heilongjiang and Russia) Jilinsheng Jiaoyu Xiaoyuan Xiaobao (Journal of Jilin Province Institute of Education) 6 (2009): 100-101.]
    蓋莉萍,「俄羅斯遠東聯邦區的外國勞動力」,西伯利亞研究4 (2006): 41-45。[Gai Liping, Eluosi yuandong lianbangqu de waiguolaodongli (The foreign labors in the Russian Far East Federal District) Xibaliya Yanjiu (Siberian Research) 4 (2006): 41-45.]
    赫英麗,「新經濟地理學視角中的中俄邊境貿易研究」,黑龍江社會科學3 (2009): 36-37。[He Yingli, Xin jingji dilixiao shijiaozhong de ZhongE bianjing maoyi yanjiu ("new economic geography perspective of the Sino-Russian border trade study) Heilongjiang Shehui Kexiao (Heilongjiang Social Sciences) 3 (2009): 36-37.]
    劉慧麗,「俄羅斯遠東地區的人口問題與中俄勞務合作」,俄羅斯中亞東歐市場2 (2007): 41-45。[Liu Huili, Eluosi yuandong diqu de renkou wenti yu ZhongE laowu hezuo (The population of the Russian Far East labor service cooperation with China and Russia) Eluosi Zhongya Dongou Shichang (Russia`s Central Asia and Eastern) Europe 2 (2007): 41-45.]
    鄧志濤,「俄境內所謂中國『移民問題』的對策性思考」,世界經濟與政治論壇3 (2005): 77-80。[Deng Zhitao, Ejingnei suowei zhongguo “Yimin wenti” de duicexing sikao (The thinking countermeasures on the so-called Chinese immigration problem in Russia) Shijie Jingji Yu Zhengzhi Luntan (World Economics and Politics Forum) 3 (2005): 77-80.]
    叢鵬、張穎,「普京執政時期的俄羅斯外交特點」,國際論壇6 (2009): 57-64。[Cong Peng, Zhang Ying, Pujing Zhizhengshiqi De Eluosi Waijiaotedian (The Russian diplomatic characteristics during Putin in power) Guoji Luntan (International Forum) 6 (2009): 57-64.]
    (3) Thesis
    白曉霞,俄羅斯遠東地區的中國移民問題研究。上海:上海外國語大學,2006。[Bai Xiaoxia, Eluosi yuandong diqu de zhongguo yimin wenti yanjiu (The study of Chinese immigrants in Russian Far East)。Shanghai: Shanghai International Studies University, 2006.]
    (4) Website
    「三分之二的俄羅斯人仍像過去一樣對移民持負面看法」[Sanfenzhier de Eluosiren rengxiang guoquyiyang dui yimin chi Fumiankanfa (Two-thirds of the Russians still held a negative view of immigrants as the past)],俄羅斯新聞網[Eluosi Xinwenwang (Russian News Network)],20080618, http://big5.rusnews.cn/eguoxinwen/eluosi_shehui/20080618/42178928.html。
    「中國移民不會威脅俄遠東地區」[Zhongguo yimin buhui weixie Eyuandongdiqu (Chinese immigrants will not threaten Russian Far East)],中國網 [Zhongguowang (Chinese Network)],20080410, http://www.china.com.cn/international/txt/2008-04/10/content_14772996.htm。
    「外交部提醒旅居俄羅斯中國公民注意俄移民登記法」[Waijiaobu shixing Lu:ji Eluosi Zhongguo gongmin zhuyi Eyimindengjifa (The Foreign Ministry reminded Chinese citizens living in Russia to note that the Russian immigrants Registration Act)],中央政府門戶網站 [Zhongyang zhengfu menhu wangzhan (The Central Government Portal Website)],20070118, http://big5.gov.cn/gate/big5/www.gov.cn/fwxx/ly/2007-01/18/content_500357.htm。
    「俄國新移民法將影響30萬華人」[Eguo xinyiminfa jiang yingxiang sanshiean huaren (Russian new immigration laws will affect three hundred thousand Chinese)],大眾時代 [Dazhong Shidai (The Public Era)],20071009, http://mass-age.com/wpmu/blog/2007/10/09/%e4%bf%84%e5%9c%8b%e6%96%b0%e7%a7%bb%e6%b0%91%e6%b3%95%e5%bd%b1%e9%9f%bf30%e8%90%ac%e8%8f%af%e4%ba%ba/#more-677。
    「俄聯邦移民局:5.5萬華人在俄經商」[Elianbang yiminju:Wudianwuwan huaren zai E jingshang (Russian Federal Migration: fifty-five thousand ethnic Chinese do business in Russia)],俄羅斯新聞網[Eluosi Xinwenwang (Russian News Network)],20090613, http://big5.rusnews.cn/ezhongguanxi/ezhong_jingmao/20090713/42530600.html。
    「俄羅斯:新移民法終結中俄民間商貿舊模式」[Eluosi:Xinyiminfa zhongjie zhonge minjian shangmao jiumoshi (Russia: New immigration laws end the old Russian commerce model)],俄語學習網[Eyu xiaoxiwang (Russian Learning Network)],20070210, http://www.ruchina.com.cn/html/art/news/20070210/634.html。
    「俄羅斯將向西伯利亞及遠東移民數十萬人」[Eluosi jiangxiang Xibaliya ji yuandong yimin shushiwanren (Russia will immigrate hundreds of thousands of people to Siberia and the Far East)],新華網[Xinhuawang (Xinhua Network)],20060630, http://www.chinaxinjiang.cn/news/gjxw/t20060630_128425.htm。
    「專家:俄國家杜馬必須制定長期移民政策」[Zhuanjia:Eguojia Duma bixu zhiding changqi yimin zhengce (Expert: Russian State Duma must develop a long-term immigration policy)],俄羅斯新聞網[Eluosi Xinwenwang (Russian News Network)],20080529, http://big5.rusnews.cn/eguoxinwen/eluosi_neizheng/20080529/42160059.html。
    「遠東聯邦管區」[Yuandong lianbang guanqu (Far Eastern Federal District)],維基百科[Weijibaike (Wikipedia)],Wikipediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far_Eastern_Federal_District。
    「遠東地區的移民問題」[Yuandongdiqu de yimin wenti (The immigration problem in Far East)],20080126, http://hi.baidu.com/ralf1124/blog/item/a949dc54e434c85cd109068d.html。
    俄羅斯聯邦駐華大使館[Russian Federation Embassy] http://www.russia.org.cn/chn/
    中華人民共和國駐俄羅斯聯邦大使館 [The People`s Republic of China to the Russian Federation Embassy] http://ru.china-embassy.org/chn/
    俄羅斯聯邦國家統計局[Russian Federal State Statistics] http://poccuu.org/0-tongjiju.htm
    English Literature
    (1) Book
    Baddeley, John F., “Russia, Mongolia, China--during the 16th, 17th, & early 18th centuries”, New York: Burt Franklin, 1919.
    Nihon Rodo Kyokai, “Migration and the Labor Market in Asia : Recent Trends and Policies”. Paris: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2002.
    (2) Journal
    Alexseev, Mikhail A. , “Economic Valuations and Interethnic Fears: Perceptions of Chinese Migration in the Russian Far East,” Journal of Peace Research, Vol. 40, No. 1 (Jan., 2003), pp. 85-102.
    Lukin, Alexander, “The Image of China in Russian Border Regions” Asian Survey, Vol. 38, No. 9 (Sep., 1998), pp. 821-835.
    (3) Website
    “Chinese toil in Russia’s Far East.” NINEMSN,20080221, http://news.ninemsn.com.au/article.aspx?id=382544&rss=yes.
    “Fears grow of Chinese flooding into Russia’s sparsely populated Far East.” FT,20061204, http://www.ftchinese.com/story.php?lang=en&storyid=001008238.
    “Russia`s China policy and views on China.” XSLX,20031007, http://www.xslx.com/htm/gjzl/dyzz/2003-10-7-14935.htm.
    Russian Literature
    (1) Book
    Галенович, М. Ю.,“Россия и Китай в ХХвеке:Граница,” Москва : АСТ, 2001.[Galenovich, M. Yu, Russia and China in HHveke: Limit (在二十一世紀的俄羅斯和中國:邊界), Moscow:AST, 2001.]
    Гельбрас, В. Г., “Россия в условиях глобальной китайской миграции,” Москва : Муравей, 2004.[ Gelbras, VG, Russia in the global Chinese migration (在全球華人移民的俄羅斯), Moscow: Ant, 2004.]
    Гельбрас, В. Г.,“Китайская реальность России,” Москва : Муравей, 2001.[Gelbras, VG, Chinese reality Russia (現實俄羅斯的中國人), Moscow: Ant, 2001.]
    (2) Journal
    Алексеев, M., “Ли угрозы китайской иммиграции в Россию,” Мир Экономики и Международных Отношений, 2000, No. 11,p.31-38. [Alexeev, M., Li threat of Chinese immigration to Russia (中國移民會威脅俄羅斯嗎?), World Economy and International Relations, 2000, No. 11, p.31-38. ]
    Дмитриев, А. В. и Пядухов, Г. А., “Этнические группы мигрантов и конфликты в анклавных рынках труда,” Социологические исследов ания, No.8, 2005, p. 90-100.[Dmitriev, AV and Pyaduhov, GA, Ethnic groups of migrants and conflict in the enclave labor markets (族群移民和衝突飛地勞動力市場), Sociological research Ania, No.8, 2005, p. 90-100.]
    Карлусов, В. и Кудин, А., “Китайское присутствие на российском Дальнем Востоке: историко-экономический анализ,” Проблемы Дальнего Востока, No. 3, 2002, p. 23-29.[Karlusov, V. and Kudin, A., The Chinese presence in the Russian Far East: historical and economic analysis (中國在俄羅斯遠東地區:歷史和經濟分析), Problems of the Far East, No. 3, 2002, p. 23-29.]
    Ларин, В. Л., “Посланцы Поднебесной на Дальнем Востоке: ответ алармистам,” Диаспоры, No. 2-3, 2001, p. 76-112.[Larin, VL, Celestial Messengers in the Far East: the answer alarmists (中國特使在俄羅斯遠東地區:威脅的回答), Diaspora, No. 2-3, 2001, p. 76-112.]
    Мотрич, Е., “Демографический потенциал и присутствие китайцев на российском Дальнем Востоке,” Проблемы Дальнего Востока, No. 6, 2001, p. 55-63.[Motrich, E., demographic potential and the presence of Chinese in the Russian Far East (在俄羅斯遠東地區的人口潛力和存在的華人), Problems of the Far East, No. 6, 2001, p. 55-63.]
    (3) Newspaper
    Agarkov,Valery and Shatilova, Marina, “Migration is a bad headache in the Russian Far East,” Itar-Tass Weekly New, (Moscow: Aug., 2002): p1.
    Bodanov, Sergei and Rudak, Anatoly, “Problem of Chinese migrants in Far East should be treated calmly ,” Itar-Tass Weekly News, (Blagoveshchensk: Apr., 2002):p1.
    Bodanov, Sergei, “Russian officials discussing situation in Far East,” Itar-Tass Weekly News, (St. Petersburg: March, 2002): p1.
    Karkusov, Viacheslav and Kudin, Andrei, “The Chinese Presence in the Russian Far East: A Historical and Economic Analysis,” Far Eastern Affairs, (Khabarovsk: Apr., 2002): p62-76.
    Kondrashov, Stanislav, “Politics. Putin in Kremlin and poet on ARBAT ,” Moscow News, (Moscow : July, 2000): p4.
    Motrich, Ekaterina, “Demographic Potential and Chinese Presence in the Russian Far East,” Far Eastern Affairs,( St. Petersburg: Jan., 2002): p67-78.
    Sokolova,Viktoria, “Putin believes Russian Far East needs policy of preferences,” Itar-Tass Weekly News, (Moscow: Aug., 2002):p1.
    Vyzhutovich,Valery, “Politics between party and Kremlin,” Moscow News, (Moscow: Nov., 2002): p1.
    (4) Website
    «Незаконные мигранты в России: ситуация, тенденции, политика"», Демоскоп, 20030401, http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/2003/0111/analit05.php.
    «Незаконные мигранты в России: ситуация, тенденции, политика», Демоскоп, 20030401, http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/2003/0111/analit05.php.
    «Перспективы китайской миграции на Дальнем Востоке», Демоскоп, 20080503,
    «Почему падает прибыль от приема китайцев в России», RATA, 20060116,
    http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/2008/0333/analit01.php.
    http://www.ratanews.ru/news/news_16062006_3.stm.
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    中國大陸研究英語碩士學程(IMCS)
    96925010
    98
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0096925010
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[International Master`s Program in China Studies] Theses

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