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    Title: 德國統一後高等教育改革之研究
    Higher education reform after reunification in Germany
    Authors: 江世琳
    Chiang, Shih Lin
    Contributors: 張台麟
    Chang, Tai Lin
    江世琳
    Chiang, Shih Lin
    Keywords: 德國統一
    高等教育改革
    大學理念
    波隆那進程
    Date: 2010
    Issue Date: 2011-09-29 18:21:52 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 高等教育改革在20世紀後不斷推陳出新且成為國家發展的重要項目之一,世界先進國家無不投入大量的經費和研究在發展高等教育上。從德國高等教育國際化的發展來看,市場的要求成了改變高等教育的主要推動力,而各個高等學校國際化的程度也成了大眾選校和評估職業發展的標準。研究發現,德國在統一以後不但高等學校增加,大學生人數也提高,其改革的真正動機就是國際化,目的是為了維持高等教育在歐洲乃至於全球的競爭力。德國統一以後最大的高教改革特色是引入學士碩士兩階段學制以和國際接軌,同時更積極在各校推行績效責任制度和評鑑以提升教學品質和落實辦學成效,最後更藉由擴大學校的自主管理為發展學校特色的手段,用來達到競爭的目的。德國的做法其實並不異於其他國家,而波隆那進程在促進歐洲高等教育區的發展更適時地給予了德國聯邦政府這麼做的理由。德國聯邦政府為了保障其高等教育在歐洲框架下的「地位」,必須將自己放入歐洲高等教育區的系統中,讓德國高等教育的體制與歐洲其他國家的標準相互連接起來。德國聯邦政府認為歐洲高等教育區在未來會是全球化的一個縮影,而德國各邦高等學校願意妥協也是因為意識到唯有將自己放入一個競爭的系統中學校才會更具吸引力。
    Reform of higher education continued to emerge in the late 20th century and has become one of the most important developments for a country. Advanced countries around the world have invested a lot of their time in funding, researching and developing their higher educational programs. From an international point of view, the requirements of the workplace are driving the changes in higher educational programs. Indeed, the degree of internationalization in colleges and universities can also affect how a school will be judged by students wanting to develop their professional skills. This study indicates that both the number of higher educational institution and also the number of student enrollments in Germany have been increasing since Reunification. The motivation of the reform is to internationalize the higher educational system with the purpose of maintaining the competitive potential of German students. Germany has opened up access to a new bachelor-master-system in order to more readily connect students to international programs. The new evaluation and accreditation processes have been instituted in order to raise the teaching quality and to ensure the effectiveness of schools. Germany`s approach is not different from other countries. The Bologna Process, which is a guideline for the European Higher Education Area, gave the German Federal Government a reason timely to modernize its higher education system. If the German Federal Government had not addressed the accords, Germany would have lost its stature and fall behind European trends and development within the European Higher Education Area. The German Federal Government is aware that the European Higher Education Area will be a small microcosm of globalization in the future, and local German colleges and universities have also realized that they can be attractive only when they put themselves into a competitive international system.
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    Müller, Anselm Winfried, 2000. “Die gute Universität als Thema der Ethik”, in Anselm Winfried Müller u. Rainer Hettich (Hrsg.), Die gute Universität. Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, pp.31.-36.
    Perkin, Harold, 2006. “History of Universities”. International Handbook of Higher Education. Vol. 18. 1, pp.159-205.
    Pritchard, Rosalind M.O., 2002. “Was East German Education a Victim of West German Colonisation after Unification?”, Compare, Vol. 32, No. 1, p. 47.
    Reichard, Christoph. 2002. Marketization of Public Services in Germany. International Public Magement Review. Vol.3 Issue 2, 2002, p.63.
    Waterkamp, Dietmar, 2009/2010 Winter. “Education in Germany – Twenty Years After the End of the German Democratic Republic”, European Education, Vol.41, No.4, pp. 8-23.
    Rhoades, Gary, Barbara Sporn, 2002. “Quality assurance in Europe and the U.S.: Professional and political economic framing of higher education policy”. Higher Education, Vol. 43. No.3, pp. 355-390.
    Welsch, Helga, 2006/6. “When discourse trumps policy: Transitional justice in unified Germany”, Gemran Policies, Vol.15, Issue 2. pp. 137-152.
    Welsh, Helga, 2004. “Higher Education in Germany: reform in incremental steps”, European Journal of Education, Vol.39, No.3. pp. 359-375.
    Yang, Rui, 2002. “University internationalization: Its meanings, rationales and implications,” International Education, Vol. 13, No. 1. pp. 81-95.
    四、 研討會論文
    孫本治,2001。《全球化與民族國家-挑戰與回應》。台北:巨流。
    Edel, Karl-Otto, 2006/11/28. “Marksteine des Wandels 1810-2010: Zwei Jahrhunderte Hochschulreform,” paper presented at the Conference with Subject ‘Universitäre Monokultur verordnet, Thesen zur Akademischen Bildung in Deutschland.’ Brandenburg: Fachhochschule Brandenburg. pp.7-8.
    五、官方文件
    BMBF, 2005. “Hochschulrahmengesetz (HRG)”, p. 33.
    BMBF, 2008. “Bundesbericht zur Förderung des Wissenschaftlichen Nachwuchses (BuWIN)”, Hochschulrahmengesetz , Bonn Berlin, p. 41.
    BMBF, 2010a. Hochschule (高等教育). Berlin: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung.
    BMBF, 2010b. Exzellenzinitiative(發展卓越). Berlin: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung.
    BMBF, 2010c. Förderung(頂尖大學的補助). Berlin: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung.
    BMBF, 2010d. Hochschulpakt(高等學校協定). Berlin: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung .
    BMBF, 2010e. Hochschulzulassung(大學入學). Berlin: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung.
    BMBF, 2010f. Bologna-Prozess (波隆那進程). Berlin: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung.
    馬信行,1986。《教育社會學》。台北:桂冠出版社。
    BMBF, 2010g. Juniorprofessur(初級教授制). Berlin: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung .
    BMBF, 2010h. Nachwuchsföderung(後進提攜). Berlin: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
    BMBF, 2010i. Studiende erwarten Qualität fürs Geld(大學生期待徵收學費能帶來品質). Pressmitteilung 187/2008. Berlin: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF).
    BMBF, 2010j. Internationale Austausch- und Kooperationsprogramme. (國際交換與合作計畫)Berlin: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung.
    BMBF, 2010k. Internationalisierung der Hochschulen. (高等教育國際化)Berlin: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung.
    Bundesgesetzblatt Jahrgang 2002 Teil 1, Nr. 11. Ausgegeben zu Bonn am 22. Februar 2002.
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    歐洲語文學程碩士在職專班(MPES)
    95952005
    99
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0095952005
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[歐洲語文學系] 學位論文

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