| Abstract: | 隨著台灣人口結構的逐漸老化以及退休金制度的變革，中老年齡人口在整體勞動市場中扮演的角色，具有越來越重要的影響性。其中，中老年人的退休決策行為也一直是大眾十分關心的課題。傳統上有關中老年人退休決策的研究，大多是將退休的行為簡單的區分成兩個狀態：全職的工作以及完全退休。這樣的二分法，在過去或許與大多數人的決策模式相似。但是隨著工業與商業運作型態逐漸的演變，以及中老年人對退休的看法亦逐漸改變之下，許多的中老年人不再是直接的從他們的全職工作上退休，而是採取漸進式的模式，例如在他們完全退出勞動市場之前，會先減少工作時數或者是換到另外一個全職或部份工時的工作。這種漸進式的退休模式，在世界上許多的國家都逐漸成為一種趨勢。本計畫主要的目的即在於利用台灣的實證資料來分析並觀察此漸進式退休的行為模式是否存在？同時，利用適當的統計分析方法來研究台灣的中老年人之退休決策行為。本計畫主要的資料來源是行政院衛生署國民健康局發行的台灣老人健康與身心社會長期追蹤資料庫(The Survey of Health and Living Status of the Elderly in Taiwan) 。本計畫主要的研究重點有下列三項： 1. 透過實證資料的分析並觀察台灣中老年就業者使用漸進式退休模式的趨勢。 2. 探討影響中老年就業者選擇漸進式退休的行為模式之相關因素，特別是比較選擇留在原來的工作的中老年就業者與離開者之間的差異。 3. 估計與比較中老年人選擇不同漸進式的退休模式時，所面對的工資與退休金給付誘因上的差異。
Retirement of older workers is an important policy issue that has received considerable public attention. Traditionally, older workers’ retirement decisions are viewed as a dichotomous choice between full-time work and full-time leisure. People either work full-time, or they retire fully. In particular, there were many older workers who chose part-time jobs as bridge jobs, before full retirement, i.e. the so-called phased retirement. Interestingly, however, these part-time jobs often involve a move to a new employer rather than remaining with the original full-time employer. In this project, I plan to empirically examine older workers’ retirement patterns, and study the factors which might affect their choices toward phased retirement in Taiwan. This project would begin with examination of data from 1989, 1993, 1996, 1999, and 2003 Survey of Health and Living Status of the Elderly in Taiwan (SHLSE), to study patterns of older workers’ job transition before full retirement. In particular, it would be interesting to know the extent to which older workers are taking up part-time jobs after exiting their career jobs. Next, this project studies what variables are most closely associated with older workers’ shift to part-time jobs. For instance, what are the variables most closely associated with the probability that older workers shift from full-time to part-time at the same job? Also, what are the variables associated with the probability that older workers shift from full-time to a part-time job elsewhere? What role is played by older workers’ demographic characteristics (i.e. gender, age, and marital status), financial incentives (i.e. type of pension(s) and other pension characteristics), and wages? As part of this research, this project would examine whether part-time work with a new employer and part-time work with the existing full-time employer are different phenomena. Finally, this project would estimate older workers’ potential wages for different part-time jobs (inside and outside), and would use these estimated potential wages and pension benefits to study older workers’ part-time inside and part-time outside job decisions. |
