English  |  正體中文  |  简体中文  |  Post-Print筆數 : 27 |  Items with full text/Total items : 109952/140901 (78%)
Visitors : 46063303      Online Users : 1130
RC Version 6.0 © Powered By DSPACE, MIT. Enhanced by NTU Library IR team.
Scope Tips:
  • please add "double quotation mark" for query phrases to get precise results
  • please goto advance search for comprehansive author search
  • Adv. Search
    HomeLoginUploadHelpAboutAdminister Goto mobile version
    Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/55072


    Title: 大學生參與老人服務性社團之經驗探討
    Exploring the experiences of youth volunteers involved in service for elderly
    Authors: 楊伊伊
    Contributors: 呂寶靜
    楊伊伊
    Keywords: 大學生
    老人服務
    老人態度
    人生價值
    Date: 2011
    Issue Date: 2012-10-30 15:25:34 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 近年來,青年加入志願服務已成為一種趨勢,而在這逐漸步入高齡化的社會中,青年的服務提供者扮演重要的人力資本。從研究者在大學期間至浩然敬老院服務的經驗出發,探討大學生何以願意加入服務老人行列及加入服務後對他們的影響為何。據此,研究問題如下:(1)大學生加入老人服務性社團的動機為何?(2)參與老人服務性社團的大學生對老人的態度為何?(3)大學生對老年生活的認知為何?(4)服務老人的經驗對大學生對老人的態度及人生價值有何影響?

    本研究採用質性研究法,並以半結構式訪談蒐集資料。本研究共訪談9名來自淡江大學浩然守護天使社團的大學生,其中5名女性4名男性,他們提供服務的年數介於1年至3年間,而大多數大學生自大學一年級即加入服務,出席率狀況穩定者居多。有6位大學生自小由祖父母照顧或居住;至於未由祖父母照顧的3位學生,他們亦有和祖父母頻密接觸的經驗。研究結果如下:

    一、大學生服務老人的動機:大學生參與服務老人的服務性社團的動機可分為兩個層次:大學生參與服務性社團的原因及大學生選擇以老人為服務對象的原因。在大學生參與服務性社團的原因方面,包含:(1)實踐利他的意義;(2)同儕的影響;及(3)機會的可近性。在大學生選擇以老人為服務對象的原因方面則為:(1)對服務對象的認知;及(2)個人的生命經驗。

    二、大學生對老人的態度:大學生對老人的生理特徵方面提出了三個面向的觀察:(1)老人在外觀上,包含軀體上及感官系統皆產生變化;(2)老人身體機能退化;(3)老人的移動能力降低。大學生對老人心理狀態的看法分為四個面向:(1)健康老人的圖像:可以好好照顧自己的生活、保有樂觀的態度、願意與別人互動、擁有自我排解負面情緒的能力才是健康的老人;(2)老人學習能力:大學生認為老人有學習的能力,並提出學習的機會、長者本身擁有高度學習意願及指導者的耐心教學是影響老人學習的因素;(3)老人的人格是被動、冷漠、自我、不服老、健談、熱情及堅強的;(4)老人的情緒呈現悲觀消極、憤世嫉俗、需要被別人關懷及看得開的。

    三、大學生對老年生活的認知:(1)家庭面向:老人擁有實際層面和精神層面的意義,他們是完整家庭的精神象徵、家庭凝聚力的中心、意見提供者及分擔照顧責任的輔助角色;(2)社會面向:老人在社會中扮演傳承、經驗分享及生命教育的角色,但也有大學生認為老人消耗社會資源造成社會負擔;(3)經濟面向:大學生觀察到居住於敬老院的長者能夠維持基本的生活開銷,但社區長者在經濟上則呈現貧窮與富裕兩極端的現象;(4)居住面向:大學生不僅認為長者的居家環境必須清靜、安全、充滿活力及具備無障礙設計,也對安養機構提出看法,認為安養機構有別於家的感覺、生活制式化、缺乏選擇的自由及生活照顧疏離。

    四、大學生加入老人服務後的影響:首先,服務老人影響了大學生對老人的態度,他們變得更願意關懷長者、更尊重長者、對長者更有包容心、發現長者的能力、更了解長者的需求,甚至將服務中的感受回饋給家種的長者。其次,大學生服務老人的經歷也對他們的人生價值產生影響:(1)個人價值:對「幸福」意義的反思、提升自信、學習到人生的智慧;(2)社會價值:重視家庭的安全感、體會真誠的友誼之重要性;(3)能力價值:發現口條能力的重要性;及(4)道德價值:服務的觀念、重視真誠的態度及對長者投入更多愛心。

    五、本研究依據結果提出幾個建議:(1)針對學校的建議:鼓勵校方可透過辦理代間服務學習課程及老化體驗,並加強課外活動組的角色,以推動更多大學生加入服務性社團;(2)針對安養機構的建議:促進安養機構長者的活力老化,以及讓安養機構展現家的元素;(3)針對政策的建議:提供長者活到「活到老,學到老」的環境,並完善經濟安全體系。
    In recent years, the youth to join the volunteer service has become a trend. With gradually aging society, youth service providers are playing an important role. This is to explore the experience of University students from researchers at the University to nursing home services. At the same time to find out why students are willing to join the ranks of the service for the elderly and what the effects are after joining services.

    The following are the research questions: (1) What motivates the students to join service club for the elderly? (2) What are the attitudes of the involved University students towards the elderly community? (3) What level of knowledge the University students have about life in old age? (4) What are impacts for the students in terms of the value of life and the attitudes towards the elderly following their experience of the service the elderly?

    This research used a qualitative research method, and semi-structured interviews to collect data. The research interviews with a total of nine University students from Tamkang University, Hao Ran Guardian Angel Club. Five of them are female and four of them are male. In between them they have the experience of providing the services of one to three years. Most students involved since their first year in University and most of them have stable attendance rate. Six of the students brought up or live with their grandparents. Three out of the six students have not been under the care of their grandparents. However they have the experience of close relationship with their grandparents.
    The results of the research are as follows:

    A. The motivation of university students to join in the services for the elderly: The motivation of the students involved in services for the elderly service club can be divided into two levels: The reasons for students to participate in community service and in the services targeting the elderly. The reason for students to participate in the community service include: (1) Involve in activity that contributing to the society, (2) The influence their peers, and (3) The accessibility of opportunity. The reasons for students to chose the elderly as their servicing targets include: (1) Familiar with the servicing targets, and (2) Personal life experience.

    B. University student’s attitudes toward the elderly: Students have raised three observation points with regarding to the elderly physiological characteristics: (1) Elderly change of physical appearance and sensory system, (2) Degradation of the physical function of the elderly, and (3) Elderly reduced ability to move. Students have raised four observation points with regarding to the elderly psychological characteristics: (1) Images of healthy elderly: Able take good care of their own lives, to maintain an optimistic attitude, willingness to interact with others and has the ability to self troubleshooting negative emotions, (2) Elderly learning ability: Students believe that the elderly have the ability to learn, and if presented an opportunity to learn, the elders themselves have a high degree of willingness to learn. Patience and guidance during teaching process have a direct impact to elderly learning ability, (3) The elderly personalities are passive, indifference, self-centred, talkative, enthusiastic and strong, (4) The elderly are pessimistic and cynical, need others caring.

    C. University student’s awareness of life in old age: (1) Family perspective: The elderly are significance in both the actual and spiritual life. They are a symbol of the complete family, the centre of family cohesion, the supporting role of advice and sharing the responsibility in parenting, (2) Social perspective: The elderly are the symbol of heritage, experience sharing and the role model. But some students believe that the elderly consume social resources became the social burden, (3) Economic perspective: Students observed that the elderly living in nursing home has the ability to maintain basic living expenses, but the financial situation of the elderly living in the community are divided by two extremes of poverty and wealth, and (4) Living perspective: Students not only believe that the living environment for the elderly must be quiet, safe, vibrant and with easy access design, they also put forward their views that nursing homes have a different feeling of home, life regularization, the lack of freedom of choice and family members caring became a rarity.

    D. Effect of University students involve in services for the elderly: First, services for the elderly affecting college students` attitudes toward the elderly, they become more willing to care for the elderly, and more respect for the elderly, treating the elderly with more generosity, recognise the ability of the elderly, better understanding of the needs of the elderly, and even express their feeling to the elderly after providing the service. Secondly, the experience of the university student services for the elderly also have an impact to their view on the value of life: (1) Personal values: A reflection on the meaning of happiness, to enhance self-confidence and acquired the wisdom of life, (2) Social values: Emphasis on the family`s sense of security and appreciate the importance of friendship, (3) Competence values: Discover the importance of persuasive eloquence, and (4) Moral values: The concept of service, appreciate the sincere attitude and treating the elderly more care and love.

    E. With the data and information collected above, this research proposed a few suggestions: (1) Suggestion for the school: To encourage the school upon intergenerational service-learning courses and the elderly service experience. Strengthen the role of the curricular activities and to push for more students to join a service clubs, (2) Recommendations for nursing homes: Promote vitality of the elderly activities and to inject the elements of home in nursing homes, and (3) Recommendations for policy: To provide the elderly the adequate learning environment, and to improve the economic security system for the elderly.
    Reference: 一、中文部分
    内政部主計處(2003)。《92年社會發展趨勢調查》。台北。
    内政部統計處(2010)。《中華民國85年底至99年底地方政府社會處(局)所轄 志工》。台北。
    内政部統計處(2011)。《98年老人狀況調查結果》。台北。
    行政院社會福利推動委員會長期照顧制度規劃小組(2007)。《我國長期照顧十年計畫》。台北。
    行政院青年輔導委員會(2000)。《青年志願服務工作手冊》。台北市:行政院青年輔導委員會。
    何青蓉、邱愛鈴(2010)。〈服務利他生命教育統整課程設計與實施的特色及其挑戰:以大學服務學習課程為例〉,《高雄師大學報》。28, 1-22
    吳永安(2007)。《志工參與動機與持續服務動力之研究——宜蘭縣榮欣志工團體個案分析》。佛光大學公共事務管理研究所碩士論文。
    吳淑瓊(2003)。《照顧住宅服務營運手冊》。臺北市:行政院社會福利推動委員會長期照護專案小組。
    呂寶靜(1995)。〈增進老人社會參與之政策規劃〉,《跨世紀老人醫療福利政策學術研討會論文集》,160-181。
    呂寶靜(2004)。《家對老人的意義》。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究成果報告。
    李坤崇(2004)。《綜合活動學習領域概論》。臺北市:心理。
    李法琳(2003)。《大台北地區大學服務性社團學生參與志願服務之動機與滿意度研究》。世新大學社會發展研究所碩士論文。
    林文昌(1991)。《色彩計畫》。臺北:藝術圖書。
    林如萍(2009)。《祖孫互動之現況全國民意調查》。教育部委託專案報告。
    林艾蓁(2008)。《大學生參與社福機構後輔導志願服務經驗之研究》。慈濟大學教育研究所碩士論文。
    林東泰(1997)。《青年對志願服務之看法》。台北市:行政院青年輔導委員會。
    林慧瑜(1987)。《美國道森州立大學師生對老年人觀感之比較研究》。台北市:臺北師專學報編輯委員會。
    林歐貴英、郭鐘隆(2003)。《社會老人學》。臺北市:五南。
    施瑞綿(2006)。《服務性社團的大學生構築生命意義之研究——以世界觀和生活目標為取向》。南華大學生死學研究所碩士論文。
    洪淑媚(1998)。《大學生對老人態度之研究》。國力臺灣師範大學家政教育研究所碩士論文
    洪錫井(1994)。《老人的終身教育》。嘉義市:國立嘉義師範學院。
    徐彤武(2009)。〈聯邦政府與美國志願服務的興盛〉。《美國研究》,3。
    徐明、楊昌裕、劉杏元、劉若蘭、林至善、楊仕裕、葉祥洵、邱筱琪(2009)。《從服務中學習——跨領域服務—學習理論與實務》。台北:紅葉。
    袁理鋒(2009)。〈高校志願者活動及大學生價值觀的形成〉。《職業時空》,5(6),128-130。
    張佳倩譯,Rowe & Kahn原著(1999)。《活力久久》。台北:天下遠見。
    張德聰(2009)。〈關心青少年是每一個人的責任〉。《空大學訊》,423,42-46
    張鐘汝、范明林(1997)。《老年社會心理》臺北市:水牛。
    教育部(2006)。《邁向高齡社會老人教育政策白皮書》。臺北:教育部。
    梅陳玉蟬、楊培珊(2005)。《臺灣老人社會工作:理論與實務》。臺北市:雙葉書廊。
    陳向明(2002)。《社會科學質的研究》。台北:五南。
    陳秀娟(2006)。《大學社福與社工系學生對老人態度與行為意向之研究》。玄奘大學社會福利學習碩士論文。
    陳宜汝(2002)。《大學生對老人態度之行為意向之研究——以某師範大學為例》。國立臺灣師範大學衛生教育研究所碩士論文。
    陳俞諺(2008)。《夢想成真:青年志工自我實現歷程之敍事研究》。臺灣師範大學公民教育與活動領導學系碩士論文。
    陳泰元(2003)。《國人參與志願服務之決定性因素》。南華大學非營利事業管理研究所碩士論文。
    陳智昌(1985)。《我國學生對老人的態度和行為意向調查研究》。國立臺灣師範大學衛生教育研究所碩士論文。
    郭靜晃、吳幸玲(1997)。《發展心理學:心理社會理論與實務》。台北:揚智文化。
    陳瓊玉(2003)。《臺北市某家商學生對老人之態度與行為意向研究》。國立臺灣師範大學衛生教育研究所碩士論文。
    傅佩榮(2003)。《哲學入門:探索生命的價值》。台北市:天下遠見。
    彭駕騂(1999)。《老人學》。臺北市:揚智文化。
    曾玉玲、陳亭蘭、陳惠姿(2008)。〈老化體驗活動——一種改變老化態度的教育策略〉,《輔仁醫學期刊》,6,4,151-161
    曾華源、胡慧嫈、李仰慈、郭世豐(2006)。《社會工作專業價值與倫理概論》。台北市:洪葉。
    黃成榮(1999)。《青少年價值觀及違規行為探討》。香港:三聯。台北市:台灣商務總代理。
    黃萃文(2009)。《入住自費安養機構老人對其居住環境依附情形之初探——人生歸途中最後能掌控的一片天地》。國立政治大學社會工作研究所碩士論文。
    黃碧霞、莊金珠、楊雅嵐(2010)。〈高齡化社會新對策——從「友善關懷老人服務方案」談起〉,《社區發展季刊》,132,3-15
    楊勝任(2003)。《醫院志願服務對志工生命價值觀的影響研究》。國立高雄師範大學成人教育研究所碩士論文。
    楊麗君譯,Popcorn, F.原著(1992)。《爆米花報告》。台北市:時報文化。
    葉淑敏(2006)。《喜樂保育院志工的參與動機、照護經驗與生命價值觀之研究》。國立台中教育大學社會科教育研究所碩士論文。
    賈馥茗(1975)。〈個人價值觀念的發展與形成〉。載於方炳林、賈馥茗主編,《教育論叢》,19-48。台北市:文景。
    廖季清、簡茂發、吳明清、徐會文、黃郁文(1984)。《我國青少年價值觀念及相關因素之研究》。教育部教育計畫小組。
    臺北市政府社會局(2009)。《臺北市社會處(局)推展志願服務概況》。台北。
    劉玉玲(2002)。《青少年心理學》。台北:揚智。
    劉安彥、陳英豪(1994)。《青少年心理學》。臺北市:三民。
    劉麗雯、關華山(1999)。〈社會網絡理念與機構式老人居住空間設計〉,《當代社會工作學刊》,4,56-92
    潘淑滿(2002)。《質性研究——理論與應用》。台北:心理出版社。
    賴佳琦、賴哲民、林玫玲(2009)。《服務學習内涵課程設計與反思——以元培應應系97年度“兒童英語教學”課程為例》。2009年發表於“第一屆玄華元第二語文教學”暨“語言、文學、文化交流與國際交流”國際學術研討會。
    謝廣泉(2009)。《技職院校學生老化知識、對老人態度與服務老人醫院關係之研究》。國立高雄師範大學成人教育研究所博士論文。
    韓晶(2003)。〈當代大學生參與志願服務的障礙研究〉。《青年研究》,1,45-49。
    簡春安、鄒平儀(2004)。《社會工作研究法》。台北:巨流。
    簡鈺清(2008)。《大專青年參與志願服務動機之研究:以“全球青年服務日”(GYSD)為例》。銘傳大學公共事務學系碩士論文。
    魏玲玲(1995)。〈護生老化知識及對老人態度之調查〉。《護理研究》。3(2),171-180。
    二、英文部分
    Allan, L. J., & Johnson, J. A.(2009). Undergraduate Attitude Toward Elderly: The Role of Knowledge, Contact and Aging Anxiety. Educational Gerontology, 35, 1-14.
    Beech, R. P., & Schoeppe. A.(1974). Development of Value Systems in Adolescents. Development psychology, 10(5), 644-656.
    Belsky, J, K.(1999). The Psychology of Aging: Theory, Research, and Interventions. Pacific Grove, Calif.: Brooks/ Cole Pub. Co.
    Burdman, G. R.(1986). Healthful Aging. Eglewood Cliffs, N. J: Prentice-Hall
    Bureau of Labor Statistic U.S. Department of Labor. (2010). Volunteering in the United States—2009. Bureau of Labor Statistic U.S. Department of Labor.
    Cartenson, L. L.(1995). Evidence for a Life-Span Theory of Socioemotional Selectivity. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 4(5), 151-156.
    Conger, J. J.(1991). Adolescence and Youth: Psychological Development in a Changing World, Fourth Edition. New York: HarperCollins.
    Dale Layfield, K.(2004). Impact of Intergenerational Service on Students’ Stereotypes Toward Older People in an Introductory Agriculture Computing Course. Journal of Southern Agricultural Education Research, 54(1), 134-146.
    Dellmann-Jenkins, M., Fowler, L., Lambert, D., Fruit, D., Richardson, R.(1994). International Sharing Seminars: Their Impact on Young Adult College Students and Senior Guest Students. Educational Gerontology, 20, 579-588.
    Ellis, A. (2004). Generation V: Young People Seek Out On Volunteering. London: Institute for Volunteering Research.
    Gaskin. K. (1998). Vanishing Volunteers: Are Young People Losing Interest In Volunteering? Voluntary Action, 1(1), 33-43.
    Gaskin. K. (2004). Young People, Volunteering and Civic Service: A Review for The Literature. London: Institute for Volunteering Research.
    Gil Clary, E., Ridge, R. D., Stukas, A. A., Synder, M., Copeland, J., Haugen, J. & Miene, P.(1998). Understanding and Assessing the Motivations of Volunteers: A Functional Approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(6), 1516-1530.
    Hill, M., Russell, J., & Brewis, G.(2009). Young People, Volunteering and Youth Projects: A Rapid Review of Recent Evidence. London: Institute for Volunteering Research.
    Huchison, E. D. (2005). The Life Course Perspective: A Promising Approach for Bridging the Micro and Macro Worlds for Social Workers. Families in Society, 86, 1, 143-152.
    Institute for Volunteering Research(2004). Young People Volunteering: Preliminary Findings and Emerging Lessons from Primary Research. London: Institute for Volunteering Research.
    Johnson, M. K., Beebe, T., Mortimer, J. T., & Synder, M.(1998). Volunteerism in Adolescence: A Process Perspective. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 8(3), 309-332.
    Kohlberg, L.(1984). The Psychology of Moral Development: The Nature of Moral Stages. San Francisco: Harper & Row.
    Lewin, F. A.,(2001). The Meaning of Home among Elderly Immigrants Directions for Future Research and Theoritical Development. Housing Study, 16(3), 353-370.
    Manaster, G. J.(1977). Adolescent Development and the Life Tasks. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
    María Celeste Dávila & Juan Francisco Díaz-Morales.(2009). Age and Motives for Volunteering: Further Evidence. Erope’s Journal of Psychology, 2, 82-95
    Mosher-Ashley, P. M., & Ball, P.(1999). Attitudes of College Students Toward Elderly Persons and Their Perceptions of Themselves at Age 75. Educational Gerontology, 25, 89-102.
    Omoto, A. M., & Synder, M.(1995). Sustained Helping Without Obligation: Motivation, Longevity of Service, and Perceived Attitude Change Among AIDS Volunteers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68(4), 671-686.
    Reed, J., Standley, D., & Clarke, C.(2004). Health, Well-Being and Older People. Bristol, UK: Policy Press.
    Rich, J. M., & DeVitis, J. L. (1985). Theories of Moral Development. Springfield Illinois: Charles C Thomas.
    Rokeach, M(1973). The Nature of Human Values. New York: Free Press.
    Rowe, J. W., & Kahn R. L.(1997). Successful Aging. The Gerontologist, 37, 4, 433-440.
    Rowntree, B. S. (1901). Poverty: A Study of Town Life. London: Routledge/ Thoemmes Press.
    Schwartz, S. H.(1992). Unversals in The Content and Structure of Values: Theoretical Advances and Empirical Tests in 20 Countries. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 25, 1-65.
    Sixsmith, A. J.,(1990). The Meaning and Experience of Home in Later Life, in B. Bytheway et al., Welfare and The Ageing Experience. England: Avebury.
    Smith, J. D. (1999). Poor Marketing or the Decline of Altruism? Young People and the Volunteering in the United Kingdom. International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing, 4, 327-377.
    Tan, P. P., Zhang, N., & Fan, L.(2004). Students Attitudes Toward The Elderly In The People’s Republic of China. Educational Gerontology, 30, 305-314.
    Thornton, J. E.(2002). Myths of Aging or Ageist Strereotypes. Educational Gerontology. 28, 301-312.
    Tuckman, J., & Lorge, I. Attitudes Towards Old People. The Journal of Social Psychology, 37, 249-260.
    WHO(2002). Active Aging: A Policy Framework. Retrieved from http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2002/WHO_NMH_NPH_02.8.pdf
    Yalom, I. D.(1980). Existential Psychotherapy. New York: Basic Books.
    三、網路資料
    内政部(2007)。《我國長期照顧十年計畫》。内政部網頁(http://www.moi.gov.tw/)
    台北市立浩然敬老院(2009)。《結盟團體》。台北市立浩然敬老院網頁(http://www.haoran.taipei.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=21815&ctNode=2977&mp=107031)
    行政院青年輔導委員會(2009)。《臺灣小飛俠計畫》。行政院青年輔導委員會網(http://www.nyc.gov.tw/231.php?forewordID=916&forewordTypeID=209&secureChk=f28bc23fc1a92a6be93b4d56f917225e)(下載於2011/07/17)
    張宏遠(2000)。《學生社團活動發展與課外活動的輔導與管理》。網頁(http://www.lihpao.com/?action-viewnews-itemid-53282)
    教育部服務學習網(2010)。《大專校院服務學習方案》。教育部服務學習網網頁(http://english.moe.gov.tw/content.asp?CuItem=9407&mp=10000)
    Kittredge, B. M. (2009). The Edward M. Kennedy Serve America Act. Website of Corporation for National & Community Service(http://democrats.edworkforce.house.gov/blog/2009/03/the-edward-m-kennedy-serve-ame.shtml)(下載於:2010年5月12日)
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    社會工作研究所
    97264019
    100
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0097264019
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[社會工作研究所] 學位論文

    Files in This Item:

    File SizeFormat
    401901.pdf1195KbAdobe PDF21628View/Open


    All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.


    社群 sharing

    著作權政策宣告 Copyright Announcement
    1.本網站之數位內容為國立政治大學所收錄之機構典藏,無償提供學術研究與公眾教育等公益性使用,惟仍請適度,合理使用本網站之內容,以尊重著作權人之權益。商業上之利用,則請先取得著作權人之授權。
    The digital content of this website is part of National Chengchi University Institutional Repository. It provides free access to academic research and public education for non-commercial use. Please utilize it in a proper and reasonable manner and respect the rights of copyright owners. For commercial use, please obtain authorization from the copyright owner in advance.

    2.本網站之製作,已盡力防止侵害著作權人之權益,如仍發現本網站之數位內容有侵害著作權人權益情事者,請權利人通知本網站維護人員(nccur@nccu.edu.tw),維護人員將立即採取移除該數位著作等補救措施。
    NCCU Institutional Repository is made to protect the interests of copyright owners. If you believe that any material on the website infringes copyright, please contact our staff(nccur@nccu.edu.tw). We will remove the work from the repository and investigate your claim.
    DSpace Software Copyright © 2002-2004  MIT &  Hewlett-Packard  /   Enhanced by   NTU Library IR team Copyright ©   - Feedback