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    政大機構典藏 > 傳播學院 > 新聞學系 > 學位論文 >  Item 140.119/60370
    Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/60370


    Title: 媒體如何框架氣候談判爭議:哥本哈根峰會之跨國新聞分析
    News framing of controversy in climate negotiations: a cross-national analysis of copenhagen climate talk
    Authors: 謝孟哲
    Contributors: 徐美苓
    謝孟哲
    Keywords: 全球暖化
    氣候變遷
    哥本哈根峰會
    新聞框架分析
    Date: 2010
    Issue Date: 2013-09-05 14:32:04 (UTC+8)
    Abstract:   人類社會造成全球暖化問題的科學事實已逐漸受到科學界肯定,而國際社會自1992年《聯合國氣候變化綱要公約》簽署以來即開始著手因應全球暖化問題,至今已邁入第17年。其中在2009年舉辦的哥本哈根峰會,由於背負著產出延續《京都議定書》的新氣候協議之重責大任,是全球氣候談判最受矚目的一年;知名經濟學家Nicholas Stern更稱之為「二次戰後最重要的一次會議」。然而哥本哈根峰會最終仍因不同國家間巨大的利益分歧,未能達到當初期待的目標。

      新聞媒體是公眾理解全球暖化議題最重要的管道;若從建構論角度觀之,媒體更是各類政治行為者論述競爭的場域,反映了社會上某種文化價值或意識型態。因此不同國家媒體框架哥本哈根峰會的方式,很可能反映了一個國家及其社會、乃至於公眾理解氣候變遷議題的觀點,進而左右其對氣候政策的支持態度。本研究主要之研究目的,即為透過跨國新聞框架分析,了解新聞媒體在特定國家情境的影響下,有關哥本哈根峰會報導的論述特色,進而思考媒體在再現全球暖化這個全球性議題上的角色。

      本研究以哥本哈根峰會最受矚目的美國和中國,以及台灣本土報紙作為研究對象,採取van Gorp的新聞框架分析取徑,針對《紐約時報》、《人民日報》及《聯合報》自2009年10月至2010年2月共五個月份的相關報導進行歸納及演繹兩階段的新聞框架分析。首先在歸納階段,研究者在大量反覆閱讀、推敲新聞文本後,共找出環境保護、經濟發展、政治賽局,以及國族主義四個新聞框架,以及與每個框架相對應的框架化裝置及推理裝置,作為建構框架的要素。在演繹階段,本研究則採用內容分析法,逐一測定四個新聞框架在三報所有文本中的分布狀況,以及新聞性質和新聞消息來源與框架之間的關聯。最後則整併上述結果,並納入不同國家的氣候談判立場及社會文化脈絡,以論述的方式探討不同國家框架哥本哈根峰會的相同和相異之處。

      研究發現,三國媒體框架哥本哈根峰會的方式與其國家氣候談判立場及國情大致相符:《紐約時報》大多將哥本哈根峰會框架為各類政治行為者之間的政治角力,反映國內政治化的氣候懷疑論述,同時模糊了美國的國家角色及應承擔的氣候責任。《人民日報》多將峰會框架為經濟發展問題,或是刻意強調國家立場、讚揚國家表現的國族主義論述;此論述特色符合國家以開發中國家自居、強調經濟發展權利的立場堅持。《聯合報》同樣主要將峰會框架為與台灣無關之國家間的政治角力,否則即為以順應時勢或掌握外交機會為題旨的國族主義論述;此若即若離的論述特色反映了台灣弱勢的國際地位,以及國家深怕遭到國際制裁或孤立的特性。

      以上研究發現也促使研究者思考不同媒體在報導氣候談判及全球暖化議題時扮演的角色。《紐約時報》的政治賽局論述雖與美國社會中的質疑聲浪有關,然而媒體強調平衡報導的新聞產製規範亦是導致爭議爭議被放大的關鍵。《人民日報》向來是為中國政府喉舌的傳聲筒,此體制特色造成該報新聞論述大幅偏袒國家立場,顯示中國公眾對氣候變遷議題的理解很可能也有所偏向。《聯合報》的新聞論述則出現斷裂的現象,其中台灣角色和哥本哈根峰會之間僅存在提升外交地位一項連結,恐怕難使公眾重視此議題;此外,媒體的哥本哈根峰會新聞和國內全球暖化論述也並無緊密關聯,因此顯得片斷、無脈絡可言。

      研究者最後提出國內新聞實務的改善空間,認為在當今媒體主流論述以強調個人層面之節能減碳為主的狀況下,媒體對氣候談判的關切應可作為將全球暖化新聞提升至國家及國際政策層次的機會,如此方能促進國內公眾更加關注全球暖化議題。
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    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    新聞研究所
    97451008
    99
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0097451008
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[新聞學系] 學位論文

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