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| Title: | 資訊通訊科技下的審議式民主：線上與實體公民會議比較分析 |
| Authors: | 陳敦源;黃東益;李仲彬;蕭乃沂;林子倫 |
| Contributors: | 政大公行系 |
| Keywords: | 資訊科技;公民參與;電子化參與;公民會議;線上公民會議;審議式民主
ICTs;Citizen participation;e-participation;Citizen conference;On-line citizen conference;Deliberative democracy |
| Date: | 2008-06 |
| Issue Date: | 2013-09-09 10:49:26 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 近來資訊與通訊科技（Information and Communication Technologies, ICTs）的蓬勃發展，普遍被認為具有降低決策參與成本的潛力，對各國民主深化的目標帶來希望，不論推動電子投票（e-voting），也就是在民主「偏好聚合」（preference aggregation）機制上電子化的努力，或是在線上審議（e-deliberation）的研究與實驗，就是在民主「偏好形成」（preference formation）環節上的努力，都被視為人類社會實踐更大規模、更具品質民主形式的一種最新的契機。本文挑選後者作為討論的重心，一方面認為選舉只是民主實踐的必要條件，但並不充分；另一近來資訊與通訊科技(Information and Communication Technologies, ICTs)的蓬勃發展，普遍被認為具有降低決策參與成本的潛力，對各國民主深化的目標帶來希望，不論推動電子投票(e-voting)，也就是在民主「偏好聚合」(preference aggregation)機制上電子化的努力，或是在線上審議(e-deliberation)的研究與實驗，就是在民主「偏好形成」(preference formation)環節上的努力，都被視為人類社會實踐更大規模、更具品質民主形式的一種最新的契機。本文挑選後者作為討論的重心，一方面認為選舉只是民主實踐的必要條件，但並不充分；另一方面，也認知到民主討論成本昂貴的現實，讓民主審議有著比投票更大的誘因來找尋成本節制的方法，因此我們認為，如果民主審議機制能夠利用ICTs低廉成本的特性，同時又能夠與實體討論保持相同或是更佳的討論品質，則相關線上審議的決策程序，就會是下一步民主深化不可忽視的道路之一。本文目的就是在這樣的一個實務與理論雙重的意義之下，希望透過個案研究的方式，分析資訊科技對公民參與效果的差異性影響，進一步為未來藉資訊科技提升公民參與之可行性提供導引。 本文的研究方法，係藉由臺北市北投老街地區，同時以傳統面對面公民會議(face to face citizen conference)，以及應用ICTs進行「線上公民會議」(online citizen conference)討論都市更新的案例，以兩種會議模式與會者的前後測問卷，以及會後深度訪談為資料內容，探討兩種會議模式下的參與民眾，在政策知識學習效果、共識形成、發言效果、滿意度等層面上的差異。 從資料的分析中，本研究認為ICTs對於公民審議上的效果相較於傳統面對面的會議，更能夠提升政策知識的傳遞效果，讓所有與會者更有效率的獲得相關政策知識；此外，線上公民會議共識聚合的可能性高於傳統公民會議模式；而在參與效果上，參與線上開會模式，比起傳統會議模式，更能驅動不善於言辭民眾的講話機會與動機。不過，目前有限經驗資料下，本文期待學界，能夠有更多相關研究延續本文所提出的幾點推論，補充更多的經驗資料，讓ICTs與審議民主之間能夠完全的相輔相成，並在未來能夠有更有效率、更全面、更低成本的公民參與機制出現，達到民主治理的目標。
In recent years, information and communication technologies (ICTs) have been increasingly utilized in public affairs due to its low-costs of facilitating human interactions. Many researches have been starting to explore the possibilities of adopting ICTs to deepen democracy by encouraging citizen participation. On the one hand, it is believed that the potential applications of ICTs can not only transform voting activities, but also facilitate meaningful deliberative activities. However, on the other hands, some researchers have been argued that because of certain aspects of ICTs, the applications may damage the quality of democratic operations. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to analyze the impacts of ICTs on deliberative process by examining the differences between on-line and face-to-face deliberative activities. By using an urban-planning project operated in Beitoiu district, Taipei City as the critical case, authors collect both qualitative and quantitative data to compare two simultaneously held citizen conferences, which are to encourage citizen participation in the urban-planning process. These two citizen conferences, one is on-line and the other is face-to face, discuss the same issue, use the same procedure, and deliberate on the same readable materials. It gives us a quasi-experimental set-up to explore the effects of ICTs will have on deliberative democracy. The research findings show that ICTs application could improve the effectiveness of the citizen conference. The on-line citizen conference delivers more policy knowledge to participants than the face-to-face one. In addition, participants in on-line model are more "rational" and are more likely to express their opinions. However, more researches should be done to clarify the causal relations between the ICTs and the deliberative democracy. |
| Relation: | 行政暨政策學報, 46, 49-105 |
| Data Type: | article |
| Appears in Collections: | [公共行政學系] 期刊論文
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