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    政大機構典藏 > 文學院 > 歷史學系 > 學位論文 >  Item 140.119/61505
    Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/61505


    Title: 英格蘭19世紀中晚期足球形象的演進
    The Processing Images of Football in the Mid and Late Nineteenth-Century England
    Authors: 馮奕達
    Feng, Neof
    Contributors: 周一騰
    林美香

    Joseph William Eaton
    Lin, May Shine

    馮奕達
    Feng, Neof
    Keywords: 現代足球
    協會足球
    《倫敦時報》讀者投書
    modern football
    Association football
    Letters to the Editor of The Times
    Date: 2012
    Issue Date: 2013-11-01 11:46:28 (UTC+8)
    Abstract:   呈現足球的公共形象在19世紀中晚期英格蘭地區的演進,以及此形象的演進如何促成現代足球(特別是協會足球)成形與流行,就是本論文的主要目的。
      目前學界對於現代足球起源與成形有兩種主要看法:出身社會中上層的公學、大學師生,在19世紀中葉透過制定成文規則,「馴化」並保存此前社會上原有的民俗足球,最後促成統一足球規則的努力──此為其一;修正派學者則認為,早在公學、大學師生投入前,19世紀中葉以前的英格蘭社會中早已存在有組織、有規則的足球,而早期學者過分誇大了社會中上層對於現代足球帶來的影響。然而,現有史料尚不足以證明上述足球活動實際如何進行、組織,也無法顯示各種以「足球」為名的運動間是否有因果關係。
      人們呈現過去的方式,足以暗示了他們希望別人,甚至是自己應該如何看待目前的現實。足球的規則,以及人們希望足球所能承載的價值、作用,都會隨著時間改變。除了用規則的出現與演變來追溯現代足球的起源,由制定規則的群體來判斷現代足球受到哪一階級影響較深以外,從時人對於足球的「印象」、「觀感」,也就是他們所相信的東西著手,或許更能推演出「現代足球」的「概念」源起於何時。
      《英格蘭19世紀中晚期足球形象的演進》即以此為目標,利用19世紀《倫敦時報》的讀者投書,以及其他運動報紙和嚴肅期刊文章,試圖重建足球在19世紀中晚期英格蘭輿論中的公共形象,繼而回應、調和學界已有的兩種不同觀點。第一章〈斷裂或延續:現代足球起源問題〉呈現公學觀點與修正派學者的主張與其優劣擅場,並提出以足球的當代「形象」做為解決起源問題的可能方式。第二章〈公學地位競爭與足球議題上升的能見度(1858-63)〉直接回到上述學術論爭所指向的關鍵時代,透過當時媒體上有關「統一足球規則」的爭論來證明當時公學、大學師生與社會中上層人士對提高現代足球運動地位的影響。第三章〈從惡名昭彰到男子氣概:19世紀末輿論中足球形象的演進〉,則綜觀整個19世紀,在長時段中呈現足球形象在英格蘭輿論中的轉折,進一步突顯現代足球概念成形的時間。
      透過足球形象的轉變與形塑,以及時人對於足球發展歷程的看法,我們得以了解19世紀中晚期的英格蘭人為何投身一種新興的運動,從而接近他們所追求的價值,並希望別人如何看待他們的所作所為。


    關鍵詞:現代足球 協會足球 《倫敦時報》讀者投書 
    Reference: 書目

    史料(按時代順序)
    日報
    “Eton College.” Morning Post 05 Dec. 1845: 5
    A Hater of Abuses. Letter. Times 13 Nov. 1844: 7.
    Editorial. Times 23 May 1848: 5.
    Editorial. Times 13 Apr. 1854: 9.
    Paterfamilias. Letter. Times 05Aug. 1863: 12.
    Etonensis. Letter, Times 05 Oct. 1863: 8.
    Carthusianus. Letter. Times 06 Oct. 1863: 5.
    Harroviensis. Letter. Times 06 Oct. 1863: 5.
    “The Great Football Question.” Letter. Times 07 Oct. 1863: 12.
    Westmonasteriensis. Letter. Times 07 Oct. 1863: 12.
    Etonensis. Letter. Times 09 Oct. 1863: 9.
    Harroviensis. Letter. Times 10 Oct. 1863: 11.
    Rugbæensis. Letter. Times 10 Oct. 1863: 11.
    A Look-on. “Foot Ball.” Letter. Times 23 Sep. 1869: 7.
    Ex-Secretary. “Football.” Letter. Times 25 Sep. 1869: 4.
    One of the School-House Twenty. “A Football Accident.” Letter. Times 30 Nov. 1869: 10.
    A Surgeon. “Rugby and Its Football.” Letter. Times 23 Nov. 1870: 6.
    A Surgeon. “Rugby Football.” Letter. Times 28 Nov. 1870: 10.
    Farquharson, Robert. Letter. Times 02 Dec. 1870: 6.
    Editorial. Daily Telegraph 22 Mar. 1875.
    Rees, S. G. Letter. Times 25 Mar, 1875: 7.
    A Father. Letter. Times 25 Mar. 1875: 7.
    Clark, E. C. “Football Accidents.” Letter. Times 16 Dec. 1880: 7.
    A. Letters. Times 25 Dec. 1880: 7.
    Editorial. Times 14 Apr. 1887: 9.
    Editorial. Times 25 Oct. 1888: 9.
    Editorial. Times 28 May 1889: 9.
    Etonensis. “A ‘New Tyranny’ at Eton.” Letter. Times 20 Sep. 1889: 6.
    Balcarres. Letter. Times 23 Sep. 1889: 4.
    Etonian. Letter. Times 24 Sep. 1889: 7.
    A Well-Known Harrovian. Letter. Times 25 Sep. 1889: 5.
    An Old Public Schoolmaster. Letter. Times 26 Sep. 1889: 9.
    “Compulsory Games at Public Schools.” Times 26 Sep. 1889: 9.
    William White, F.S.A. Letter. Times 26 Sep. 1889: 9.
    A “Not So Well Known as He Would Like to Be” Old Etonian. Letter. Times 27 Sep. 1889: 8.
    Pius Etonensis. Letter. Times 27 Sep. 1889: 8.
    Alter Etonensis. Letter. Times 28 Sep. 1889: 8.
    Former Head of the School at Harrow. Letter. Times 28 Sep. 1889: 8.
    Another Old Etonian. Letter. Times 30 Sep. 1889: 3.
    Dickins, H. C. Letter. Times 30 Sep. 1889: 3.
    Oxonian-Harrovian. Letter. Times 30 Sep. 1889: 3.
    An Eton Captain of Thirty Years Ago. Letter. Times 03 Oct. 1889: 8.
    A Father of a Boy at Harrow School. Letter. Times 03 Oct. 1889: 8.
    Editorial. Times 08 Oct. 1889: 9.
    Etonensis. “The Result of Football at Eton.” Letter. Times 14 Oct. 1889: 8.
    期刊
    “British Sports and Pastimes.” Monthly Magazine, or, British Register 15.89 (1833): 506-13.
    “Public Amusements.” Editorial. New Monthly Magazine and Humorist 56.223 (1839): 289-305.
    “Manly Sports Relief Bill.” Bell’s Life in London and Sporting Chronicle 04 Feb. 1844: 3.
    “Sport, Pastimes, and Customs of London, Ancient and Modern.” Editorial. Critic 14 Aug. 1847: 105.
    Creven. “Clubs as Accessories of the National Sports.” New Sporting Magazine Apr. 1853: 235-247.
    Fawcett, J. H. “Football at Rugby School.” Letter. Bell’s Life in London and Sporting Chronicle 30 Nov. 1856: 8.
    Juvenis. Letter. Bell’s Life in London and Sporting Chronicle 19 Dec. 1858: 7.
    Floreat Rugbœa. Letter, Bell’s Life in London and Sporting Chronicle 26 Dec. 1858: 7.
    Anonymous. “Manly Sport: Their Use and Their Abuse.” Universal Review 2 (1859): 719-37.
    An Old Wykehamist. Letter. Bell’s Life in London and Sporting Chronicle 02 Jan. 1859: 7.
    Blue Jersey. Letter. Bell’s Life in London and Sporting Chronicle 02 Jan. 1859: 7.
    Floreat Etona. Letter. Bell’s Life in London and Sporting Chronicle 02 Jan. 1859: 7.
    Red Jersey. Letter. Bell’s Life in London and Sporting Chronicle 09 Jan. 1859: 6
    Rugbiensis. Letter. Bell’s Life in London and Sporting Chronicle 09 Jan. 1859: 6.
    Red Jersey. Letter. Bell’s Life in London and Sporting Chronicle 16 Jan. 1859: 7.
    Editorial. Bell’s Life in London and Sporting Chronicle 16 Jan. 1859: 7.
    “The Best Drop.” Letter. Bell’s Life in London and Sporting Chronicle 16 Jan. 1859: 7.
    Bell’s Life in London and Sporting Chronicle 04 Dec. 1859: 6.
    “Football at Marlborough.” Bell’s Life in London and Sporting Chronicle 04 Mar. 1860: 6.
    A Westminster. Letter. Bell’s Life in London and Sporting Chronicle 10 Nov. 1861: 3.
    D. D. Letter. Bell’s Life in London and Sporting Chronicle 08 Dec. 1861: 6.
    The Field: The Country Gentleman’s Newspaper 14 Dec. 1861: 525.
    An Old Rugbœan. Letter. Bell’s Life in London and Sporting Chronicle 15 Dec. 1861: 1.
    “Football.” Bell’s Life in London and Sporting Chronicle 10 Oct. 1863: 7.
    “Football.” Editorial, Sporting Gazette 10 Oct. 1863: 787.
    A Lover of Football. Letter. Sporting Gazette 17 Oct. 1863: 803.
    A Lover of Football. Letter. Sporting Gazette 24 Oct. 1863: 820.
    A Lover of Football. “Football: Its Mental and Physical Advantages as the National Winter Pastime.” Editorial. Sporting Gazette 14 Nov. 1863: 868.
    A Lover of Football. “Football: Some Comments of the Existing Controversy, and a Comparison of Some of the Principal Rules.” Editorial. Sporting Gazette 21 Nov. 1863: 884.
    “The Football Association.” Sporting Gazette 21 Nov. 1863: 884.
    “The Football Association.” Bell’s Life in London and Sporting Chronicle 28 Nov. 1863: 6.
    A Lover of Football. “A Comparison of the Principal Rules as Played in the Leading Codes of Laws.” Editorial. Sporting Gazette 28 Nov. 1863: 900.
    “Football Association.” Sporting Gazette 28 Nov. 1863: 900.
    “The Football Association.” Bell’s Life in London and Sporting Chronicle 12 Dec. 1863: 3.
    A Lover of Football. “Football: The Differences in the Leading Features of the Rugby, Eton, Harrow, Winchester, Charterhouse, Westminster, and Cambridge Rules.” Editorial. Sporting Gazette 05 Dec. 1863: 917.
    Thring, J. C. Letter. Sporting Gazette 05 Dec. 1863: 918.
    A Lover of Football. “Football: The Improbability of the Conjunction of the Public Schools, and Some Comments on the Laws of the Football Association.” Editorial. Sporting Gazette 12 Dec. 1863: 934.
    A Lover of Football. Letter. Sporting Gazette 12 Dec. 1863: 934.
    “The Football Association.” Sporting Gazette 12 Dec. 1863: 934.
    A Lover of Football. “Football: A Few Hints to Aid in the Formation of the Universal Code.” Editorial. Sporting Gazette 19 Dec. 1863: 949.
    Thring, J. C. Letter. Sporting Gazette 19 Dec. 1863: 950.
    A Lover of Football. Letter. Sporting Gazette 26 Dec. 1863: 965.
    “Eighteen Hundred and Sixty-Three.” Editorial. Sporting Gazette 26 Dec. 1863: 963.
    Thring, J. C. Letter. Sporting Gazette 26 Dec. 1863: 965.
    “Football.” Chambers’s Journal of Popular Literature, Science and Arts 11 (1864): 173-176.
    A Lover of Football. “Football: Some Final Hints for the Formation of the Universal Rules.” Editorial. Sporting Gazette 02 Jan. 1864: 6.
    A Lover of Football. Letter. Sporting Gazette 02 Jan. 1864: 7.
    Thring, J. C. Letter. Sporting Gazette 02 Jan. 1864: 7.
    A Lover of Football. “Football: A Few Arguments in Favour of ‘Carrying the Ball,’ and a Feature that Ought not to be Abolished.” Editorial. Sporting Gazette 16 Jan. 1864: 52.
    A Lover of Football. Letter. Sporting Gazette 16 Jan. 1864: 52.
    Thring, J. C. Letter. Sporting Gazette 16 Jan. 1864: 52.
    “Football.” Editorial. London Review of Politics, Society, Literature, Art, and Science 23 Jan. 1864: 84-85.
    “Cricket in Parliament.” Editorial. Sporting Gazette 23 Apr. 1864: 307.
    Sirius. “Football.” Gentleman’s Magazine 10 (1873): 385-91
    An Officer of the Rugby Football Union. “Football Reform.” Letter. Bell`s Life in London and Sporting Chronicle 25. Nov. 1876: 5.
    MacGregor, Robert R. “Old Football Gossip.” Belgravia: A London Magazine 34.136 (1878): 473-80.
    “The Game of Football.” Editorial. Once a Week 9.210 (1878): 230-32.
    Field 12 Jan. 1884.
    Alcock, Charles William. “Association Football.” English Illustrated Magazine 88 (1891): 282-88.
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    Strutt, Joseph. The Sports and Pastimes of the People of England. London, 1810, 1831, 1841, 1855, 1867.
    Aspin, Jehoshaphat. Ancient Customs, Sports, and Pastimes, of the English. London: John Harris, 1832.
    Hughes, Thomas. Tom Brown’s School Days. Cambridge: Macmillan and Company, 1857.
    Thring, John Charles. The Winter Game: Rules of Football. Uppingham: J. Hawthorn, 1861.
    Alcock, Charles William. Football: The Association Game. London: George Bell & Sons, 1906.

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    Clarendon Report: English Public Schools in the Nineteenth Century. London: Thoemmes Press, 2005.
    Collins, Tony. A Social History of English Rugby Union. London: Routledge, 2009.
    Cox, Richard William, Dave Russell and Wray Vamplew. Encyclopedia of British Football. London: Routledge, 2002.
    Debray, Régis. Critique of Political Reason. London: New Left Books, 1983.
    Dunning, Eric and Kenneth Sheard. Barbarians, Gentlemen and Players: A Sociological Study of the Development of Rugby Football. London: Routledge, 1979.
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    Easthope, Antony. What a Man’s Gotta Do: The Masculine Myth in Popular Culture. London: Routledge, 1990.
    Elias, Norbert. The Civilizing Process. Trans. Edmund Jephcott. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2000.
    Gieszinger, Sabine. The History of Advertising Language: the Advertisements in The Times from 1788 to 1996. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2001.
    Goulstone, John. Football’s Secret History. Upminster: 3-2 Books, 2001.
    Guttmann, Allen. Games and Empires: Modern Sports and Cultural Imperialism. New York: Columbia University Press, 1994.
    Harvey, Adrian. Football: The First Hundred Years: The Untold History. London: Routledge, 2005.
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    Holt, Richard. Sport and the British: A Modern History. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990.
    Hornby, Hugh. Uppies and Downies: The Extraordinary Football Games of Britain. Swindon: English Heritage, 2008.
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    Macrory, Jennifer. Running with the Ball: Birth of Rugby Football. London: Collins Willow, 1991.
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    Malcolmson, Robert William. Popular Recreations in English Society, 1700-1850. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1973.
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    Murray, William James. Football: A History of a World Game. Aldershot: Scolar Press, 1994.
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    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    歷史研究所
    96153002
    101
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0096153002
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[歷史學系] 學位論文

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