Loading...
|
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/69488
|
| Title: | 柴契爾夫人之領導風格與外交戰略--兼論英阿戰爭對參戰國外交之影響
The Leadership and Diplomatic Strategy of Thatcher--And the Impact of the Falkland War to the Diplomacy of UK and Argentina |
| Authors: | 阮鵬碩 |
| Contributors: | 邱稔穰
阮鵬碩 |
| Keywords: | 柴契爾夫人
英阿戰爭
福克蘭/馬爾維納斯群島
Margaret Thatcher
the Falkland War
the Falkland/Malvinas islands |
| Date: | 2014 |
| Issue Date: | 2014-09-01 13:54:58 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 1982年4月2日，阿根廷入侵福克蘭/馬爾維納斯群島，震驚英國朝野。時任首相的柴契爾夫人在4月7日成立戰爭內閣，並決定出兵奪島，不到三個月的時間，英軍於6月14日克復福克蘭/馬爾維納斯群島，阿根廷戰敗，聯合軍政府總統加爾鐵里下台。
柴契爾夫人的領導風格揉合法理型及卡理斯瑪式的支配型權威，以及轉換型的領導方式，在處理這場危機時掌握快速反應及賦予危機定義的要領，指出阿根廷入侵已危害英國的基本利益，一面派遣特遣隊開赴戰場，同時以外交談判方式拖延掩護特遣隊行蹤。阿根廷駐軍雖是以逸待勞，但軍隊指揮調度的反覆埋下戰敗的禍根，軍政府想要移轉國內焦點的動機並未如願，反而加速本身的崩解，開啟民選政府的扉頁，阿方辛成為戰後首位民選總統。
英國在戰爭之後有意與阿根廷恢復正常的外交關係，與90年代阿根廷梅南上台後以發展經濟為主的外交政策不謀而合，在主權保護傘的前提下共同開發與勘探油氣。但到了2001年德拉魯阿上台後一改外交政策，強調阿根廷擁有福克蘭/馬爾維納斯群島的主權，歷經多位總統至今仍維持一貫的基調。而英國自2010年國家安全戰略報告發表後，確立保障該群島島民安全與自決的權利，促成2013年島民決定政治地位的公投，結果是壓倒性的贊成票決定仍由英國管轄，英阿爭議依舊紛擾。
On 2 April 1982, UK was stunned with the news that Argentina had invaded the Falkland/Malvinas islands. Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher set up the war cabinet rapidly at 7 April and decided to dispatch the military to take the island back. In three months, the British military recovered the Falkland/Malvinas islands on 14 June, Argentina was defeated, President Leopoldo Galtieri stepped down.
The leadership of Thatcher was composed of legal-rational authority and charismatic authority, as well as transformational leadership. When she faced the crisis she realized the essentiality of the fast-reaction and make-a-definition-to-the-crisis, so she accused the invasion had undermined the Britain`s interest and dispatched the armed forces to the battlefield, at the same time used diplomatic negotiations to cover up the military actions. On the other hand, Argentina`s military had the advantage of having the island under their control, but the advantage was undermined with the change in command, which eventually lost the war. The Junta not only failed to shift the focus of the society, but also dug its own grave. After the collapse of the Junta, Raúl Alfosin the elected president, and started a new era of Argentina.
After the war, the UK intended to normalize the relationship with Argentina. That coincided with the diplomatic policy of President Carlos Menan in the 90s, whose main focus was developing the economy. Under the sovereign umbrella, UK and Argentina cooperated and exploited natural gas and oil in the sea surrounding the Falkland/Malvinas islands. Until 2001 Fernando de la Rua was elected and changed the diplomatic policy to emphasize Argentine’s sovereignty over the Falkland/Malvinas islands. That policy was consistently upheld by several presidencies afterwards. Nevertheless, with the promulgation of the "National Security Strategy", UK assured to safeguard the islanders` safety and the right of self-determination. A referendum was facilitated in 2013 on the Falkland Islands. An overwhelming 90% of voters chose to remain as UK territory. The dispute is still unsettled. |
| Reference: | 中文部分
一、專書
王高成主編(2009)，兩岸新形勢下的國家安全戰略，淡江大學國際事務與戰略研究所。
吳定(2003)，政策管理，聯經出版。
邱稔壤（2002），《從政治外交層面看南錐禿鷹行動引發之人權爭議：以智利皮諾契政權為例》，臺北：印刻出版。
陳鴻瑜譯（1984），羅森邦(Walter A. Rosenbaum) 著，《政治文化》，台北︰桂冠圖書股份有限公司。
陳文俊譯（2009），Earl Babbie 著，《社會科學研究方法》，臺北：雙葉出版。
趙碧華、朱美珍譯（2000），Allen Rubin & Earl Babbie著，《研究方法》，臺北：學富文化。鈕先鍾(1998)，《戰略研究入門》，臺北：麥田出版公司。
鈕先鍾譯（1996），約米尼（Antoine-Henri Jomini）著，《戰爭藝術》，臺北：麥田出版公司。
鈕先鍾譯(1996)，克勞塞維茨(Carl Von Clausewitz)著，《戰爭論精華》，臺北：麥田出版公司。
鈕先鍾譯(2007)，李德哈特(Sir Basil Henry Liddell Hart)著，《戰爭論：間接路線》，臺北：麥田出版公司。
鈕先鍾譯(1996)，富勒（John Frederick Charles Fuller）著，《戰爭指導》，臺北：麥田出版公司。
簡惠美譯(1994)，紀登斯(Anthony Giddens)著，《資本主義與現代社會理論：馬克思‧凃爾幹‧韋伯》，臺北︰遠流。
二、期刊論文
向駿（1999），「從皮諾契被拘禁看智利民主化進程」，拉丁美洲研究，第3期，46-52。
向駿（1999），「政治與法律之平衡-以皮諾契倫敦蒙難為例」，問題與研究，38（4），55-68。
宋學文 (2008). "層次分析對國際關係研究的重要性及模型建構." 問題與研究 47(4): 167-199。
邱稔壤（1999），「皮諾契時代智利之人權爭議及其發展」，問題與研究，38（4），31-53。
袁東振、張全義（2001），「美國中央情報局對拉美國家的幹預」，拉丁美洲研究，第4期，32-39。
唐承運、劉錫海（1996），「80年代美國經濟與雷根政府對策」，外國問題研究，第3期，10-14。
曹琳（1995），「冷戰後阿根廷對美國政策的變化」，拉丁美洲研究，第4期，16-21。
劉坤億 (2003). 英國柴契爾政府改革背景與理念的探索, 行政暨政策學報。
華言（1985），「阿智條約對阿根廷政局的積極影響」，拉丁美洲研究，第2期，14-18。
張怡菁（2008），「福克蘭/馬爾維納斯群島去殖民化研究」，台灣國際研究季刊，4（3），175-217。
趙萬里，（2013）「福克蘭/馬爾維納斯群島戰爭起因再探：英美阿外交錯覺」，社科縱橫，28（4），93-95。
鄭穎潔，（2004）「福克蘭/馬爾維納斯群島主權引發的民族戰爭」，中國民族，第5期，41-42。
三、網路資訊：
聯合國網站，一五一四（十五）.關於准許殖民地國家及民族獨立之宣言http://www.un.org/zh/documents/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/1514(XV) , accessed by Mar 2014.
西文部分
一、專書
Allison,Graham(1999) Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis(2nd ed.) Boston: Addison-Wesley Longman.
Boersner, Demetrio. "Relaciones internacionales de América Latina: breve historia." (2012)
Boin, A. (2005). The politics of crisis management: Public leadership under pressure, Cambridge University Press.
Byrd, P. (1988). British foreign policy under Thatcher, Philip Allan.
Campbell, J. (2004). Margaret Thatcher, Volume 2: The Iron Lady, Random House.
Cimbala, Stephen J. National security strategy: choices and limits. Praeger Publishers, 1984.
Cockett, R. Thinking the Unthinkable, London, 1992
Cradock, P. (1997). In pursuit of British interests: reflections on foreign policy under Margaret Thatcher and John Major, John Murray London.
Daddow, O. J. and J. Gaskarth (2011). British foreign policy: the New Labour years, Palgrave Macmillan.
Freedman, Lawrence. The Official History of the Falklands Campaign: War and Diplomacy. Vol. 2. Psychology Press, 2005.
Freedman, Lawrence, and Virginia Gamba-Stonehouse. Signals of war: the Falklands conflict of 1982. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991.
Gibran, Daniel K. The Falklands War: Britain Versus the Past in the South Atlantic. McFarland, 1997.
Hall, S.（1988） The Hard Road to Renewal: Thatcherism and The Crisis of The Left, Verso Books.
Jenkins, Peter.（1989） Mrs. Thatcher`s Revolution, London: Pan Books.
Fry, G. K. (2008). The politics of the Thatcher revolution: an interpretation of British politics, 1979-1990.
Fuller, J.F.C. (1932) The Reformation of War, London: Hutchinson and co.
Fuller, J.F.C. (1961)The Conduct of War: 1789-1961 ,London: Rutgers.
Gamble, Andrew (1994) The Free Economy and the Strong State: The politics of Thatcherism, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire:Macmillan.
Hobsbawm, E. J. (1989). Politics for a Rational Left: Political Writing, 1977-1988, Verso.
Kulke, Hermann (2004), A History of India,London; New York: Routledge.
Lovenduski, J. and C. Baudino (2005). State feminism and political representation, Cambridge Univ Press.
Lawson, N. (1992). The view from no. 11: memoirs of a Tory radical, Bantam Press.
Manzetti, L. (1999). The Politics of socioeconomic change in Argentina, JSTOR.
Nicolson, Harold George (1969) Diplomacy, London;New York: Oxford U.P.
Parkinson, C. (1992). Right at the centre: an autobiography, Weidenfeld and Nicolson London.
Peters, B. Guy and Donald J. Savoie.（1998）Taking Stock: Assessing Public Sector Reform. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press.
POLLITT, C. A. (2004). Public management reform: A comparative analysis, Oxford university press.
Pym, F. (1984). The politics of consent, H. Hamilton London.
Robinson, P. S. (1996). The Politics of International Crisis Escalation: Decision-making Under Pressure, IB Tauris.
Rabinovich, Abraham. (2005) The Yom Kippur War: The Epic EncounterThat Transformed the Middle East,Schocken.
Riddell, P. （1991）The Thatcher Era and Its Legacy, Oxford: Blackwell.
Sharp, P. (1997). Thatcher`s diplomacy: the revival of British foreign policy, St. Martin`s Press.
Thatcher, Margaret.（1993） The Downing Street Years. London: Harper Collins Publishers.
Waltz, Kenneth N.（1959）Man, the state, and War: A Theoretical Analysis. New York: Columbia University Press.
Wedemeyer,Albert C. (1958) Wedemeyer Reports!Henry Holt.
Young, H. (2013). One of us, Pan Macmillan.
二、期刊論文
Aguila, G. (2006). "Dictatorship, society, and genocide in Argentina: repression in Rosario, 1976–19831." Journal of Genocide Research8(2): 169-180.
Allio, R. J. (2013). "Leaders and leadership – many theories, but what advice is reliable?" Strategy & Leadership41(1): 4-14.
Arquilla, John, and MARÍA MOYANO RASMUSSEN. "The origins of the South Atlantic war." Journal of Latin American Studies 33.04 (2001): 739-775.
Beck, Peter J.（1985）“The Future of the Falkland Islands: A Solution Made in HongKong? International Affairs, Vol.61, No.4.
Boin, A. and P. Lagadec (2000). "Preparing for the future: critical challenges in crisis management." Journal of contingencies and crisis management 8(4): 185-191.
Comfort, L. K., Y. Sungu, D. Johnson and M. Dunn (2001). "Complex systems in crisis: anticipation and resilience in dynamic environments." Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management 9(3): 144-158.
Corbacho, A. L. (2004). "Prenegotiation and Mediation: the Anglo-Argentine diplomacy after the Falklands/Malvinas War (1983-1989)." Documentos de Trabajo: 1-35.
Dodds, K. (1998). "Towards rapprochement? Anglo-Argentine relations and the Falklands/Malvinas in the late 1990s." International Affairs 74(3): 617.
Dodds, Klaus. (2012) "The Falkland Islands as a ‘Strategic Gateway’ Britain and the South Atlantic Overseas Territories." The RUSI Journal 157.6
Dodds, Klaus, and Alan D. Hemmings. (2013) "Britain and the British Antarctic Territory in the wider geopolitics of the Antarctic and the Southern Ocean."International Affairs 89.6.
Dodds, K. and L. Manovil (2001). "Back to the Future? Implementing the Anglo–Argentine 4th July 1999 Joint Statement." Journal of Latin American Studies 33(4): 777.
Dorman, A. and G. Till (2002). The Nott Review:(Cmnd 8288, The UK Defence Programme: The Way Forward); Held 20 June 2001, 2 Pm-6 Pm Joint Services Command and Staff College Watchfield (near Swindon), Wiltshire, Institute for Contemporary British History, Institute of Historical Research, School of Advanced Study, University of London.
Dyson, S. B. (2009). "Cognitive Style and Foreign Policy: Margaret Thatcher`s Black-and-White Thinking." Estilo cognitivo y política exterior: El pensamiento simplista de Margaret Thatcher. 30(1): 33-48.
Escudé, C. (1988) “Argentine Territorial Nationalism”, Journal of Latin American Studies Vol.20, pp.139–165.
Foreign, C. O. S. o. State, Foreign and C. O. Staff (2012). The Overseas Territories: Security, Success and Sustainability, The Stationery Office.
Freedman, Lawrence. (1982) “The War of the Falkland Islands, 1982”, Foreign Affairs Vol. 61, No.1, pp. 196-210.
Freedman, Lawrence. (2006) “The Special Relationship, Then and Now”,Foreign Affairs Vol. 83, No.3.
Fry, G. K. (1988). "The Thatcher government, the financial management initiative, and the ‘new cml service’." Public Administration 66(1): 1-20.
Giddens, A. (1999). "Better than warmed-over porridge." New Statesman 128(4
423): 25.
Fukuyama, Francis. (1998) “Women and the Evolution of World Politics”, Foreign Affairs Vol. 77, No.5, pp. 24-40.
Haig, A. M. (1984). Caveat: Realism, Reagan, and Foreign Policy, Macmillan New York.
Hall, S.（1985）“Authoritarian populism: AReply”, New Left Review 151:115-24.
Hall,S.（1979）“The Great Moving Right Show”, Marxism Today.
Hermann, M. G. (2001). "How Decision Units Shape Foreign Policy: A Theoretical Framework." International Studies Review 3(2): 47.
Hewer, C. J. (2013). "The Falkland/Malvinas dispute: a contemporary battle between history and memory." Global Discourse 3(1): 144-150.
Hobsbawm, E. J. (1989). Politics for a Rational Left: Political Writing, 1977-1988, Verso.
Jenkins, S. (2007)"Thatcher`s Legacy." Political Studies Review 5(2):162-171.
Ludlam, S. (2000). "New Labour: what`s published is what counts." The British Journal of Politics & International Relations 2(2): 264-276.
Goldstein, Lyle. "China`s Falklands Lessons." Survival 50.3 (2008): 65-82.
Mansfield, Edward D. and Snyder, Jack(1995) Democratization and war,Foreign Affairs Vol. 74, No.3.
Robert, B. and C. Lajtha (2002). "A new approach to crisis management." Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management 10(4): 181-191.
Scorer, J. （2008）From la guerra sucia to ‘A Gentleman’s Fight’:War ,Disappearance and Nation in the 1976–1983 Argentine Dictatorship ,Bulletin of Latin American Research Vol. 27, No. 1.
Sharpe, P. (1991). "Thatcher`s wholly British foreign policy." Orbis 35(3): 395
O’sullivan, John. （2013） Farewell to an Iron Lady, National Review, Vol. 65 Issue 8, pp.36-38.
Oakes, A. (2006). "Diversionary war and Argentina`s invasion of the Falkland Islands." Security Studies 15(3): 431-463.
O’sullivan, John. （2009） Margaret Thatcher’s Legacy of Freedom, USA Today, Vol. 137 Issue 2766, pp.22-25.
Office, C. and G. B. Parliament (2010). Securing Britain in an age of uncertainty: the strategic defence and security review, The Stationery Office.
Oldfield, S., D. Procter, L. V. Fleming and G. Britain (1999). Biodiversity: the UK overseas territories, Joint Nature Conservation Committee Peterborough.
Paraskevas, A. (2006). "Crisis management or crisis response system?: A complexity science approach to organizational crises." Management Decision 44(7): 892-907.
三、會議論文
Nott, J. (2002). Here today, gone tomorrow: recollections of an errant politician, Politicos Pub.
Pascoe, Graham and Pepper, Peter. （3 Dec 2007）, “Getting it right: the real history of the Falkland/Malvinas” ,發表於阿根廷駐英國大使館舉辦之Argentine Rights and Sovereignty研討會, held at London Schools of Economics.
四、網路資訊：
Argentine Rebuff Peru Peace Plan, （1982）.http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=336&dat=19820503&id=D0AjAAAAIBAJ&sjid=W4MDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4450,301914, accessed May, 2013.
BBC News,（1998）. Argentina Determined to Regain Falklands ‘by Diplomatic Means.’, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/world/monitoring/44285.stm,accessed May, 2013.
Blair, T. (1997a) ‘A New Role for Britain in the World’, speech in Manchester, 21 April, accessed July 2014.
Blair, T. (2000) Speech to Global Borrowers and Investors Forum Conference, 22 June, http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page1528, accessedJuly 2014.
Blair, T. (2003) Speech at the Foreign Office Conference, 7 January, http:// www.number10.gov.uk/Page1765, accessed July 2014.
Blair, T. (2004) Speech at the Lord Mayor’s Banquet, 15 November, http://www. number10.gov.uk/Page6583, accessedJuly 2014.
Churchill, W. (1948) Speech to Conservative Party Conference, official proceed- ings of Conservative Party Conference, Bodleian Library Special Collections, shelf mark NUA 2/1/56, 149–56.
Brown, G. (1999a) Speech to CBI Conference, 1 November, http://www.hm- treasury.gov.uk/speech_chex_011199.htm, accessed July 2014.
Brown, G. (2001) Speech to CBI Annual Conference Dinner, 5 November, http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/speech_chex_051101.htm, accessed July 2014.Britain: Little England or Great Britain?, The Economist, http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21589420-country-faces-choice-between-comfortable-isolation-and-bracing-openness-go?frsc=dg|b, accessed Nov, 2013.
Central Intelligence Agency, The world Factbook,Argentine,Land Boundaries. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ar.html, accessed June, 2013.
Central Intelligence Agency,The World Factbook,Falkland Islands, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fk.html, accessed June, 2013.
Foreign and Commonwealth Office. （2002）.“‘Sovereignty, Security and Self-Determination’ in the Falklands.”, http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/newsroom/ latest-news/?view=News&id=2177863,accessed May, 2013.
Falkland Islands Government, Our History, http://www.falklands.gov.fk/our-people/our-history/,accessed May,2013.
Falklands invites C-24 president to “balance” recent visit to Argentina, http://en.mercopress.com/2010/12/10/falklands-invites-c-24-president-to-balance-recent-visit-to-argentina, accessed by March 2014.
New York Times(2009), Thatcher`s profound impact on the British left,http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/16/arts/16iht-IDSIDE17.1.19423057.html?_r=0, accessed Nov 2013.
Organization of American States, Our History, www.oas.org/en/about/our_history.asp, accessed June, 2013.
OIL POTENTIAL IS MINIMIZED AS ISSUE IN FALKLANDS FIGHT, http://www.nytimes.com/1982/04/06/business/oil-potential-is-minimized-as-issue-in-falklands-fight.html, accessed June, 2013.
UK Overseas Territories Conservation Forum. White Paper（2000）.“Britain and The Overseas Territories-A Modern Partnership.”, http://www.google.com.tw/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CCwQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukotcf.org%2Fpdf%2Fcharters%2Fwhitepaper99textonly.pdf&ei=Y569UZGsBMuciAeHiYGgAQ&usg=AFQjCNFawhsbp_qS2FGBGJ9OjPgopyRXrg, accessed May, 2013.
Special Report on The Falklands (4) (1987): Squid by the ton goes into the trawlers&apos, accessed May, 2014.
Times Higher Education, Iron Lady heir shows his mettle fatigue (1997), http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/101269.article, accessed Dec 2013.
四、報章雜誌
Economist (1996). "Falklands, meet Malvinas." Economist338 (7951): 16-16.
Economist (1998). "Offside." Economist347 (8075): 30-30.
五、政府網站
英國國會網站http://www.parliament.uk/
福克蘭政府網站http://www.falklands.gov.fk
西班牙文部分
一、專書
Guber, R.（2001）¿Por qué Malvinas? De la causa nacional a la guerra absurda. Fondo deCultura Económica: Buenos Aires and Mexico City.
Guber, R.（2004） De chicos a veteranos: memorias argentinas de la guerra de Malvinas. Editorial Antropofagia:Buenos Aires.
Miranda, Roberto (2003). Política exterior argentina: idas y venidas entre 1999 y 2003.Rosario, Ediciones PIA.
二、期刊論文
Alonso, Luciano(2008) Destino y Experiencias Bajo la Dictadura military, Cuicuilco. Vol. 15 NÚM.43, p219-222.
Aranda, R. A. (2004). "La política exterior argentina: de Menem a Kirchner." Relaciones Internacionales.
Bernal-Meza, R. (2002). "Política exterior Argentina: de Menem a de la Rúa¿ Hay una nueva política?" São Paulo em Perspectiva 16(1): 74-93.
Eissa, Sergio Gabriel. (2013)."Redefiniendo la defensa: posicionamiento estratégico defensivo regional." Revista SAAP (ISSN 1666-7883) 7.1
Escoto, Nely Maldonado (2006) Tiepos de Memoria: Un Recorrido Por El Caso Argentino, Intersticios, 11(24),pp.81-100.
Escudé, C. (2009). "Realismo periférico Una filosofía de política exterior para Estados débiles. (Spanish)." Documentos de Trabajo(406): 1-17.
Lasagna, M. (1995). "Las determinantes internas de la política exterior: un tema descuidado en la teoría de la política exterior." Estudios Internacionales: 387-409.
Miranda, Roberto (2003). Política exterior argentina: idas y venidas entre 1999 y 2003.Rosario, Ediciones PIA.
Mustapic, A. M. and N. Ferretti (1995). "El Veto Presidencial bajo Alfonsin y Menem, 1983–1995." trabajo presen.
Nolte, D. (1996). Vergangenheitsbewältigung in Lateinamerika, Vervuert Verlag.
Santoro, Daniel, La posición de Di Tella en la disputa por el petróleo en Malvinas, Relaciones Internacionales. 4 (7)
Simonoff, A. "Una tabula rasa con el pasado: Las estrategias argentinas hacia las Malvinas desde la recuperación de la democracia (1983-2012)."
Soukiassian, C. (2000). "El Caso Malvinas y la Corte Internacional de Justicia." Relaciones Internacionales.
Stuhldreher, A. (2003). "Régimen político y política exterior en Argentina: el caso del primer gobierno de Carlos Menem (1989-1995)." Perfiles latinoamericanos: revista de la Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Sede México(22): 79-101.
Taiana, J. (2007). "El diálogo como único camino posible." Clarín 1.
Torres ,Cesar Augusto Bermudez,(2011) Projectos de Integracion en America Latina Durante El Siglo XX. Una Mirada A La Integracion Regional en El Siglo XXI. Investigacion y Desarrollo. Vol. 19, pp.212-253.
Torres, M. A. (2012). "La dimensión externa de los modelos de desarrollo en Argentina. Algunas consideraciones sobre el período 1989–2009." Relações Internacionais no Mundo Atual 2(16): 6-25.
Pratesi, Ana Rosa,(2007) Realineamientos en torno a la guerra de Malvinas en la Provincia del Chaco. Memoria y construccion de “Heroismos”, Revista Theomai, NÚM.16, pp.108-118.
Rodriguez Kauth, Angel,（2012）Paciencia...y pronto Argentina recuperará las IslasMalvinas, Revista Electrónica de Psicología Política. Vol. 10Issue 29, pp.19-36.
Rodriguez, Laura Graciela.（2010）Politicas Educativas Y Culturales Durante laÚltima Dictadura Militar en Argentina (1976- 1983) , Revista Mexicana de Investigación Educativa , Vol.15, NÚM.47.
Rostica, Julieta(2011), Apuntes《Triple A》.Argentina, 1973-1976, Desafios, Bogota(Colombia), 23(2), pp.21-51.
三、網路資訊：
Acciones bélicas, http://www.ara.mil.ar/malv/?idItem=347,accessed May,2013.
Cisneros, A. (2012). "Basta de lamentos." Clarín: 11.
CRONICAS DE MALVINAS, www.salamalvinas.com.ar, accessed May, 2013.
"Discurso del canciller Adalberto Rodríguez Giavarini sobre la política exterior argentina", Dirección de Prensa, Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Comercio Internacional y Culto, Buenos Aires, 30 de mayo de 2000, accessed Feb, 2014.
Di tella seducción y relaciones carnales, clarin.com, http://edant.clarin.com/diario/2002/01/02/p-02301.htm, accessed by Mar 2014.
FERNÁNDEZ DE KIRCHNER, C. (2009). "Palabras de la Presidenta de la Nación Cristina Fernández, en la 64ª Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas, en Nueva York, Estados Unidos." línea: http://www. casarosada. gov. ar/index. php.
Kirchner, N. Acto de asunción presidencial ante la Asamblea Legislativa, http://www.elhistoriador.com.ar/documentos/miscelaneas/discurso_de_nestor_kirchner_25_de_mayo_de_2003.php, accessed by March 2014.
Las Islas Malvinas son Argentinas（2012）, www.salamalvinas.com.ar, accessed May, 2013.
Ministerio de Relaciones Exterioes, Comercio Internacional y Culto. Informacion para la prensa N° 109/08, Buenos Aires, 15 de abril de 2008.
Papaleo, Cristina. Vuelve a agitarse el conflicto por Malvina, http://www.dw.de/vuelve-a-agitarse-el-conflicto-por-malvinas/a-5266266, accessed by Mar 2014.
Rodríguez Giavarini, A. http://old.clarin.com/diario/2003/06/26/o-01901.htm, accessed by Mar 2014.
"Rodríguez Giavarini bregó por la reducción del proteccionismo económico para reducir la marginación social" Dirección de Prensa, Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Comercio Internacional y Culto, Buenos Aires, 27 de septiembre de 2000, accessed Feb, 2014.
Sala Evocativa Malvinas, Argentina: en venta, www.salamalvinas.com.ar, accessed May, 2013.
Organizacion de los Estados Americanos, Nuestra Historia, http://www.oas.org/es/acerca/nuestra_historia.asp, accessedJune, 2013
Tratado de Paz y Amistad de 1984 entre Chile y Argentina , http://www.bcn.cl/lc/tinterna/tratados_pdf/tratado_dani676.pdf, accessed June, 2013.
四、政府網站
阿根廷外交部http://www.mrecic.gov.ar |
| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
外交學系戰略與國際事務碩士在職專班
100922012
103 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1009220121 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | [戰略與國際事務碩士在職專班] 學位論文
|
Files in This Item:
| File |
Size | Format | |
|---|
| 012101.pdf | 1956Kb | Adobe PDF2 | 2334 | View/Open |
|
All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.
|
