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    Title: 絕對所得與相對所得對人口遷移的影響-以臺灣二十三縣市為例
    The Impact of Absolute Income and Relative Income on Migration in Taiwan-A County-level Analysis
    Authors: 侯玉仲
    Contributors: 羅光達
    侯玉仲
    Keywords: 淨遷移率
    絕對所得
    相對所得
    吉尼係數
    migration rate
    absolute income
    relative income
    Gini coefficient
    Date: 2014
    Issue Date: 2015-02-03 10:30:41 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 本文主要研究臺灣23縣市的絕對所得(平均所得)及相對所得(所得分配)對縣市間人口遷移的影響,並進一步分別探討對男性、女性遷移的影響。影響因素除了絕對所得及相對所得外,也參考其他文獻加入失業率、犯罪人口率、平均每人享有政府公共支出淨額及就業者之行業結構等變數,探討其對縣市間人口遷移的影響。
    本研究人口遷移資料採用內政部戶政司網站公布之縣市遷入及遷出資料;平均所得、失業率、犯罪人口率、公共支出及行業結構等採用行政院主計總處之《中華民國統計資訊網》縣市重要統計指標查詢系統;所得不均度使用行政院主計總處「臺灣地區家庭收支調查報告」之原始家戶所得資料計算出縣市別的家戶吉尼係數來代表各縣市的所得分配程度;本研究使用1999年至2010年之資料。實證結果顯示,代表絕對所得的平均每戶可支配所得對總遷移率、男性遷移率、女性遷移率均呈現顯著正相關,且由絕對所得平方的係數均為顯著負相關,顯示縣市平均所得影響遷移是正向的,而其影響強度是遞減的,即邊際效果遞減,表示所得影響遷移的效果會漸漸達到一最高點後緩降;代表相對所得的所得分配吉尼係數對總遷移率、男性遷移率、女性遷移率均呈現不顯著正相關,表示所得分配程度對遷移決策的影響並未達統計顯著水準
    This study investigates the impact of absolute income and relative income on migration rates in Taiwan using the panel data of 23 counties for the period 1999-2010. In addition to the absolute income and relative income, the unemployment rate, criminal rate, public expenditure per citizen and industry structure are also included in the estimation models.
    The empirical results demonstrate that the average household income as a proxy for absolute income has a significantly positive effect on total, male and female migration rates. Besides, the coefficient of the square of absolute income is significantly negative, indicating that there is an inverse U-shape relationship between absolute income and migration rate in Taiwan. However, our estimation results show that the income inequality does not have a significant influence on migration decisions in Taiwan.
    Reference: 一、中文文獻
    1.王素英(1986),「臺灣內部人口遷移之經濟分析」,逢甲大學經濟研究所碩士論文。
    2.田易仙(2010),「區域人口遷徙對就業率之影響–追蹤資料之應用」,國立高雄應用科技大學國際企業研究所碩士論文。
    3.李芷蘅(2012),「影響所得分配不均之實證分析」,中興大學應用經濟學研究所碩士論文。
    4.吳德美(1998),「大陸地區農村流動人口經濟成就之研究:從相對所得移動的觀點分析」,《國立政治大學學報》,78,533-561。
    5.紀玉臨、周孟嫻、賴進貴(2012),「臺灣區域所得探索式時空動態分析,1999-2008年」,《地理學報》,67,1-30。
    6.施怡秀(2012),「所得分配不均對犯罪之影響-臺灣地區實證研究」,國立中山大學經濟學研究所碩士論文。
    7.洪嘉瑜、陶宏麟、蔡智發(2003),「影響臺灣內部遷徙的經濟因素探討」,《經濟論文叢刊》,31(2),253-277。
    8.康琪珮(2007),「臺灣各縣市社福支出對人口遷移的影響」,國立政治大學財政研究所碩士論文。
    9.許道欣(1992),「人口遷移決策及其影響因素:臺灣地區人口內部遷移之研究」,國立中興大學都市計畫研究所碩士論文。
    10.梁嘉妤(2011),「臺灣地區所得分配之趨勢研究」,國立高雄應用科技大學商務經營研究所碩士論文。
    11.陳怡樺(2009),「人口遷移選擇地區與家戶生活效用水準之相互關係-以高雄市為例」,國立高雄大學都市發展與建築研究所碩士論文。
    12.陳奕奇、劉子銘(2008),「教育成就與城鄉差距」,《人口學刊》,37期,1-43。
    13.陳俊育(2002),「經濟成長與人口遷移-美國個案研究」,國立中山大學中山學術研究所碩士論文。
    14.陳淑美、張金鵑、陳建良(2004),「家戶遷移與居住品質變化關係之研究-臺北縣市的實證分析」,《住宅學報》,13(1),51-74。
    15.張慈佳、胡海豐(2005),「夢想的代價:區域間人口遷移決策之研究」,《人文及社會科學期刊》,18(3),417-441。
    16.黃幹忠(1991),「臺灣地區財政公平與城鄉差異對區域間人口遷移影響之分析」,國立成功大學都市計畫研究所碩士論文。
    17.彭建文、吳文傑、龔書玉(2009),「縣市內部人口遷徙影響因素分析」,《人口學刊》,39,85-118。
    18.葉士僑(2005),「就業機會與地區人口遷移之相互影響—臺灣地區實證及分析」,國立成功大學都市計劃學系碩士論文。
    19.廖正宏(1985),《人口遷移》,臺北市:三民書局。
    20.劉小蘭、劉念華(1995),「臺北都會區遷入人口特性之探討」,《政治大學學報》,70,197-225。
    21.劉孟奇、盧敬植(2011),「所得分配不均與犯罪:臺灣縣市動態追蹤資料分析」,《經濟論文叢刊》,39(2),243-276。
    22.薛立敏、曾喜鵬、陳雅君(2002),「區域人口遷入臺北都會區地點選擇之實證研究」,《住宅學報》,11(2),159-178。
    23.薛立敏、李中文、曾喜鵬(2003),「臺灣區域人口遷移及其與就業市場、住宅市場關係之實證研究」,《都市與計劃》,30(1),37-61。
    24.薛立敏、曾喜鵬、謝鈺偉(2007),「臺灣地區近年來遷移行為變化之影響因素分析」,《人口學刊》,34,69-107。
    25.龔書玉(2009),「縣市內部人口遷徙影響因素之研究」,國立臺北大學不動產與城鄉環境學系碩士論文。
    二、英文文獻
    1.Berger, M. C. and G. C. Blomquist (1992), “Mobility and Destination in Migration Decisions: The Roles of Earnings, Quality of Life, and Housing Prices,” Journal of Housing Economics, 2(1), 37-59.
    2.Bogue, D. J. (1959)), “Internal Migration,” in P. M. Hauser and O. D. Duncan (eds), The Study of Population: An Inventory and Appraisal. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 486-509.
    3.Cebula, R. J. and R. K. Vedder (1973), “A Note on Migration, Economic Opportunity, and the Quality of Life,” Journal of Regional Science, 13(2), 205-221.
    4.Dustmann, C. and A. Okatenko (2014),”Out-migration, Wealth Constraints, and the Quality of Local Amenities,” Journal of Development Economics , 110, 52-63.
    5.Frey, W. H. (1988), “Migration and Metropolitan Decline in Developed Countries: A Comparative Study,” Population and Development Review,14, 595-628.
    6.Gramlich, E. M. and D. S. Laren (1984 ), “Migration and Income Redistribution Responsibilities,” Journal of Human Resources, 19, 489-511.
    7.Graves, P. E. and P. D. Linneman (1979), “Household Migration:Theoretical and Empirical Results,” Journal of Urban Economics, 6, 383-404.
    8.Hausman, J. A. (1978), “Specification Tests in Econometrics,” Econometrica, 46(6), 1251-1271.
    9.Jaffe, A. J. (1962), “Notes on the Population Theory of Eugene M. Kulischer,” The Milbank Memorial Fnd Quarterly, 40(2),187-206.
    10.Jones, R. C. (2012), ”Migration Stage and Household Income Inequality: Evidence from the Valle Alto of Bolivia,” The Social Science Journal 50(1).
    11.Kennan, J. and J. R. Walker (2009), “The Effect of Expected Income on Individual Migration Decisions,” University of Wisconsin and NBER.
    12.Kuznets, S. and D. S. Thomas (1960,1964), “Population Redistribution and Economic Groeth-United States,1870-1950,” 2, 3, Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society.
    13.Lee, E. S. (1966), “A Theory of Migration,” Demography, 3(1), 45-57.
    14.Lembregts, C. and M. Pandelaere (2013), “A 20% Income Increase for Everyone?: The Effect of Relative Increases in Income on Perceived Income Inequality,” Journal of Economic Psychology, 43, 37-47.
    15.Ortega, F. and G. Peri (2012), “ The Effect of Income and Immigration Policies on International Migration,” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 18322.
    16.Pabayo, R. , B. E. Molnar and I. Kawachi (2013), “The Role of Neighborhood Income Inequality in Adolescent Aggression and Violence,” Journal of Adolescent Health, 55(4), 571–579.
    17.Peters, D. J. (2012), “American Income Inequality Across Economic and Geographic Space, 1970-2010,” Social Science Research, 42(6), 1490-1504.
    18.Ravenstein, E. G. (1889), “The Laws of Migration,” Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 7, 241-301.
    19.Richard, C. J. (2012), ”Migration Stage and Household Income Inequality: Evidence from the Valle Alto of Bolivia,” The Social Science Journa ,50(1).
    20.Sanderson, M. R. (2012), ”Does Immigration Have a Matthew Effect? A Cross-national Analysis of International Migration and International Income Inequality, 1960-2005,” Social Science Research , 42(3).
    21.Schultz, T. W. (1962), “Reflection on Investment in Man,” Journal of Political Economy(Chicago), 70(5),1-9.
    22.Sjaastad, L. A. (1962), “The Costs and Returns of Human Migration,” Journal of Political Economy, 70(5), 80-93.
    23.Stouffer, S. A. (1960), “Intervening Opportunities and Competing Migrants,” Journal of Reginal Science, 2,1-26.
    24.The Federation for American Immigration Reform (FAIR) (2008) “Immigration and Income Inequality -How Rising Immigration Leads to the Declining Share of Middle-Income Households and Greater Income Inequality,” Executive Summary.
    25.Zipf, G. K. (1949), “Human Behavior and the Principle of Least Effort,” Addison-Wesley, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
    三、網際網路
    1.內政部戶政司全球資訊網,http://www.ris.gov.tw/346
    2.行政院主計總處各縣市重要統計指標查詢系統,http://ebas1.ebas.gov.tw/pxweb/Dialog/Statfile9O.asp
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    行政管理碩士學程
    101921216
    103
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0101921216
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[行政管理碩士學程(MEPA)] 學位論文

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