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    Title: 形相近,意相遠: 「射」之隱喻在孔子與亞里斯多德的比較
    In Image Near Together, In Meaning Far Apart: Archery Metaphor in Confucius and Aristotle
    Authors: 甘海寧
    Contributors: 謝林德
    彭文林

    Schilling, Dennis
    Peng, Wenlin

    甘海寧
    Keywords: 隱喻
    射箭
    孔子
    亞里斯多德
    倫理學
    比較哲學
    Metaphor
    Archery
    Confucius
    Aristotle
    Ethics
    Comparative Method
    Date: 2014
    Issue Date: 2015-07-01 14:51:03 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 我們的時代是由發展中的多元文化所描繪。在倫理學的領域中,不同的傳統經驗提供我們機會,以理解不同道德智慧的說法,而這些不同道德智慧的說法,對於我們有關長久以來的問題以及當代的問題,可以有所啟發。而比較哲學是值得做的,但又是非常具挑戰性的計劃。找到適當的方法以比較不同的傳統是有困難的。
    隱喻研究在現在的學術界,是一項有前途的趨勢。本博士論文應用隱喻理論,來比較儒家倫理學與亞里斯多德學派倫理學。兩派的主要文獻包含豐富的隱喻表達,其中射箭是一項共同的隱喻資源。我以射箭隱喻為共同因素,來研究東方西方兩個方面。在倫理的論述中,射箭隱喻有著什麼樣的意義呢?在此二學派之中,其中一個學派又如何與另一學派不同?從這些問題的答案,我們也許可以進一步追問,在比較研究中,對此共享的隱喻做研究,會有什麼樣的含義。
    Our era is characterized by growing multi-culturality. In the sphere of ethics, experience of different traditions offers the chance to appreciate variant expressions of moral wisdom which can enlighten us on perennial questions and contemporary issues. Comparative philosophy is a worthwhile but challenging enterprise. Finding suitable methods for comparing different traditions is difficult.

    Metaphor study is a promising trend in present day academia. The doctoral dissertation applies metaphor theory to comparing Confucian and Aristotelian ethics. Both school’s primary literature contain rich metaphoric expressions among which archery is a common source of imagery. I employ archery metaphor as tertium comparationis for investigating Eastern and Western sides. What significances does archery metaphor have in their ethical discourses? How does one school vary from the other? From answers to these questions, we may ask further what implications this study of a shared metaphor might have on comparative research and metaphor theory.
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    Punter, D. (2007). Metaphor. New York, NY: Routledge.

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    Rausing, G. (1997). The bow: some notes on its origin and development. Manchester, England: Simon Archery Foundation.

    Rorty, R. (1991). Essays of Heidegger and others. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

    _____. (1979). Philosophy and the mirror of nature. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

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    b) Articles

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    Anscombe, E. (1958). Modern moral philosophy. Philosophy, 33(124), 1-19.

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    Bezuidenhout, A. (2001). Metaphor and what is said: A defense of a direct expression view of metaphor. Midwest Studies in Philosophy, 25(1), 156-186.

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    Chen, L. (2010). Virtue ethics and Confucian ethics. Dao Journal of Comparative Philosophy, 9 (3), 275-287.

    Crisp, R. (2012). A third method of ethics. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 1-17.

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    Gaffney, P. (2008). Deep and wide: the measure of education. In Boudouris, K. & Kalimtzis, K. (Eds.), Paideia: Education in the global era (pp.94-101). Athens, Greece: International Center for Greek Philosophy and Culture.

    Huang, P. (2000). Bi-culturality in modern China and in Chinese studies. Modern China, 26(1), 3-31.

    Karavakou, V. (2008). The importance of cultural and universal ideals in modern education. In K. Boudouris & K. Kalimtzis (Eds.). (2008). Paideia: Education in the global era (pp.140-153). Athens, Greece: International Center for Greek Philosophy and Culture.

    Kim, D. (2010). Two ways of doing Chinese philosophy—A report on the conference ‘Virtue: East and West’. Philosophy East & West, 60(1), 136-139.

    Liao, S. (2011). The subjectivity and universality of virtues – An investigation based on Confucius’ and Aristotle’s views. Frontiers of Philosophy in China, 6(2), 217-238.

    Lloyd, G.E.R. (2011) Comparative Ethics: Some methodological considerations. In King, R. A. H. & Schilling, D. (Eds.), How Should One Live? Comparing Ethics in Ancient China and Greco-Roman Antiquity (pp. 18-21). Berlin, Germany: De Gruyter.

    _____.(2011). The Greeks and Chinese on the emotions and the problem of cross-cultural universals and cultural relativism. In King, R. A. H. & Schilling, D. (Eds.), How Should One Live? Comparing Ethics in Ancient China and Greco-Roman Antiquity (pp.241–258). Berlin, Germany: De Gruyter.

    Moran, R. (1989). Seeing and believing: Metaphor, image, and force. Critical Inquiry, 16(1), 87-112.

    Neville, R. (2001). Two forms of comparative philosophy. Dao Journal of Comparative Philosophy, 1(1), 1-13.

    Ni, P. M. (2009). How far is Confucius an Aristotelian: Comments on May Sim’s remastering morals with Aristotle and Confucius. Dao Journal of Comparative Philosophy, 8(3), 311-319.

    Paik, W., & Bell, D. (2004). Citizenship and state-sponsored physical education: ancient Greece and ancient China. The Review of Politics, 66(1), 7-34.

    Quinn, N. (1991). The cultural basis of metaphor. In J. Fernandez (Ed.), Beyond metaphor: The theory of Tropes in anthropology (pp. 56-93). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

    Reedy, J. (2008). The Failure of progressive education and the return to the classical models. In K. Boudouris, K. & M. Knezevic, M. (Eds.), Paideia: Education in the global era (pp.187-201). Athens, Greece: International Center for Greek Philosophy and Culture.

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    Wang, Q. J. (2010). Virtue ethics and being morally moved. Dao Journal of Comparative Philosophy, 9(3), 309-321.

    Wong, D. (2011). Agon and he: contest and harmony. In C. Fraser, D. Robins & T. O’Leary (Eds.), Ethics in early China: An anthology (197-215). Hong Kong, China: Hong Kong University Press.

    _____. (2009). Comparative philosophy: Chinese and Western. In Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved from http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/comparphil-chiwes/

    Zong, D. S. (2010). A new framework for comparative study of philosophy. Dao Journal of Comparative Philosophy, 9(4), 445-459.

    c) Internet Resource

    Chinese Text Project中國哲學書電子化計劃. (2006). Available from http://ctext.org.

    Crane, G. R. (Ed.). (2007). Perseus digital library. Medford, MA: Tufts University. Available from http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/
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