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| Title: | 比較歐亞三個國際慢城異同暨探討中山休閒農業區作為慢城之可能性
Comparative exploration of three international Cittaslow cities in Europe and Asia and the slow city Potential of the Jhong Shan Agriculture Leisure Area |
| Authors: | 彭德竣
Pang, Tak Chun |
| Contributors: | 吳靜吉
Wu, Jing Jyi
彭德竣
Pang, Tak Chun |
| Keywords: | 慢城運動
宜蘭中山休閒農業區
國際慢城
慢食運動
鳳林
Cittaslow Movement
Yilan Jhong Shan Agriculture Leisure Area
Cittaslow International
Slow Food Movement
Fenglin |
| Date: | 2014 |
| Issue Date: | 2015-07-01 15:05:40 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 本研究的第一個目的是了解慢城運動的核心精神與發展歷程。本研究透過文獻探討，梳理慢城運動的發展歷史，由1987年麥當勞進入義大利羅馬西班牙廣場激發慢食運動開始，到1999年義大利四個城鄉格雷（Greve in Chianti）、布拉（Bra）、波西塔諾（Positano）、奧維托（Orvieto）和國際慢食組織共同宣佈推動慢城運動，到了2014年慢城運動已經成為國際性運動，全球已有191個國際慢城，遍佈歐、亞、南北美、非、大洋洲29國家。
在文獻探討中，說明慢城運動是為了達到提升人類生活素質的目的，讓城鄉重新審視其自身，發掘自身獨特條件，包括：人文、歷史、產物等，進而選擇更多元的發展方向，產生與其他地方相異的優勢。
申請城鄉通過國際慢城組織認證的國際慢城，人口數目必須在5萬人以下，而且符合7大標準（能源與環境政策、基礎設施政策、現代生活素質政策、 農業、觀光與藝術政策 、遊客招待與相關訓練政策、社區凝聚力、以及夥伴關係），78細項，並於計分評分卡上取得一半分數。
本研究的第二個目的選擇比較歐亞三個國際慢城（義大利奧維托、韓國河東郡岳陽面、台灣花蓮縣鳳林鎮）個案之異同。這三個慢城個案與其他通過認證的慢城一樣，都必須符合標準，雖然標準項目不一樣。
透過個案研究和深度訪談方式，以國際慢城認證七大標準盤點三個個案的表現，歸納出國際慢城在國際慢城認證標準下的相同之處為，三個國際慢城均符合國際慢城組織認證的七大標準；相異之處為三個國際慢城的獨特資源有所不同，義大利奧維托是以源自中世紀的歷史、以及宗教色彩濃厚的建築遺跡最為獨特；韓國河東郡岳陽面是以得天獨厚的自然山水、自然滋養的農產品最為獨特；花蓮縣鳳林鎮是以深厚的客家地方文史、客家農業村落最為獨特。
本研究的第三個目的是探討以宜蘭中山休閒農業區是否具有成為國際慢城的可能性，本研究透過文獻探討和深度訪談的方式，以5萬人口數目及國際慢城認證七大標準檢視下，宜蘭中山休閒農業區的確符合國際慢城的認證條件，同時也具有獨特性和申請意願，因此具有成為國際慢城的可能性。
本研究的第四個目的是探討未來台灣的非正式行政組織發展自主創新的「新型慢城運動」。國際間獲得認證的國際慢城都是正式行政組織，反觀台灣的民間組織蓬勃發展，以宜蘭休閒農業為例，共有45個休閒農場，結成13個休閒農業區，因此，中山休閒農業區具有成為國際慢城的可能性，未來宜蘭中山休閒農業區具有條件推動自主創新的「新型慢城運動」。
This research was conducted with the following aims. First, this study reviews the core philosophy and historical development of the Cittaslow Movement through a literature review. The Cittaslow Movement trace its origins back to the Slow Food Movement that emerged in response to the opening of McDonald’s in the Piazza di Spagna in Rome, Italy in 1987, and into the international promotion of the Slow Food Movement by Greve in Chianti, Bra, Positano, and Orvieto by 1999. As of 2014, the Cittaslow Movement had expanded to 191 cities in 29 countries worldwide. This portion also describes the Cittaslow Movement’s aim to provide a new self-concept for towns, allowing them to re-think development in a novel way and improve the quality of life for their citizens. Cittaslow International has several requirements for Certification as an official Cittaslow city, including: a population less than 50,000, achieving a score of at least 78 on the index, and a score of 50% or more in 7 of the Cittaslow Charter areas (i.e., Energy and Environment Policies; Infrastructure Policies; Quality of Urban Life Policies; Agricultural, Touristic and Artisan Policies; Policies for Hospitality, Awareness, and Training; Social Cohesion; Partnership).
Second, this research presents three case studies of Cittaslow cities in Europe and Asia, namely: Orvieto in Italy, Hadong-Agyangmyeon in South Korea, and Fenglin in Taiwan. These comparative case studies were conducted to analyze their similarities and differences in order to further understand how the Cittaslow identity manifests itself under different circumstances. Through interviews and document analyses, results of these case studies indicate that although each Cittaslow city meets the requirements set forth by Cittaslow International, each city possesses its own unique resources and talents, and demonstrates different development goals, making them distinct from each other. Specifically, Orvieto reflects thousands of years of history, spanning from the Etruscan civilization and through the Roman and Middle Ages. Hadong-Agyangmeyon is home to unique natural geographic resources and agricultural products, including: the Jirisan National Park, the Seomjin River, green tea, and persimmons. Finally, Fenglin is marked by Hakka culture, which, present since the 1800’s, has left distinct Hakka villages and architecture.
Third, based on this understanding of both the official Cittaslow identity and its dynamic application and evolution within various contexts, this research concludes by discussing the potential of the Yilan Jhong Shan Agriculture Leisure Area. The results of in-depth interviews, field visits, and document analysis indicate that the Jhong Shan Agriculture Leisure Area could indeed fulfill the requirements of Cittaslow International outlined above.
Fourth, this research proposes that applying the Cittaslow city identity to an informal administrative organization (i.e., non-government structure) could represent a “new Cittaslow format” that would serve as a source of indigenous innovation. Currently, all official International Cittaslow members are formal administrative organizations, such as cities and towns. However, exploring the development of civil organizations in Taiwan, this research examines the Jhong Shan Agriculture and Leisure Area in Yilan County, Taiwan, with its 45 farms and 13 recreational farm areas, as an example. This area has distinct potential to develop under the Cittaslow framework, and offers its own unique characteristics, which reflects the potential for expansion of the Cittaslow concept in a new context. In the future, this and other informal administrative areas in Taiwan could represent new forms of indigenous innovation through participation in the Cittaslow Movement. |
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| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
科技管理與智慧財產研究所
101359037
103 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1013590375 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | [科技管理與智慧財產研究所] 學位論文
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