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    题名: 兩性的職業地位取得與職業性別組成:社會資本效應
    Gender Differences in Status Attainment and Gender Compositions of Occupations: Social Capital Effect
    作者: 李怡青
    Li, Yi Ching
    贡献者: 熊瑞梅
    李怡青
    Li, Yi Ching
    关键词: 職業性別化
    職業地位
    社會資本
    日期: 2015
    上传时间: 2015-08-24 09:57:27 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 台灣勞動力市場長期一直存在兩性職業不平等的現象，從找工作、職位升遷、薪資高低都一再反應出兩性在勞動力市場的差異。另一方面，隨著台灣教育的普及，女性進入勞動力市場的比例逐漸增高，兩性在職業薪資、升遷仍有明顯的性別差異，更是延伸至性別職業隔離，區分為男性標籤與女性標籤的職業(張晉芬2002；Bielby and Baron 1986; Kilbourne et al. 1994)。職業出現性別選擇偏好，從求職者、僱主到公司組織，女性甚至考量到未來婚育生活，逐漸陷入職業與性別結合的框架。過往研究兩性勞動力市場，較少探討社會資本與兩性勞動力市場的職位地位取得關係，本研究將採用中研院計畫 「社會資本的建構與效應:台灣、中國大陸、美國三地追蹤研究」的調查資料，分析2004年與2007年兩波的台灣資料調查，從兩性職業選擇的類型、職業性別化現象、職業地位與社會資本的關係，來探討職位地位取得過程與社會資本對兩性選擇職業的影響。
    本研究主要研究發現有以下幾點:首先，職位地位取得的性別差異仍存在，社會資本對性別職業影響不大，但在服務產業的職位地位取得需依靠社會資本。第二，勞動力市場的職業性別化現象，透過職位地位取得仍出現性別偏好，男性偏好選擇男性比例較高的職業，女性偏好選擇女性比例較高的職業(張晉芬 2002；Lin 1989)，而社會資本對職業性別化流動的影響不明顯，僅對於男性流動到女性比例較高的職業影響大。第三，職業地位的性別差異，在初階管理職的兩性職業地位比例差異不大，反而在中高階管理職的職業地位，男性占比高於女性。其中社會資本對職業地位的影響，以初階管理職的影響最大，無論男女若要提升職業地位至初階管理職，皆須具備有豐富的社會資本。
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