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    题名: 閉鎖性公司法制之建構—以公司治理與少數股東權之保障為核心
    其它题名: Corporate Governance and Minority Shareholder Protection in Closely Held Corporation
    作者: 林郁馨
    贡献者: 法律學系
    关键词: 閉鎖性公司;公司治理;少數股東之保障;董事受託義務;壓迫或不公平對 待(Oppression)
    Close Corporation;Corporate Governance;Minority Shareholder Protection;Fiduciary Duty;Oppression
    日期: 2012
    上传时间: 2016-04-12 15:41:35 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 本研究之目的在於全面性的檢討，現行閉鎖性公司對於少數股東權保障之法律規 範，並探討閉鎖性公司所面臨的公司治理議題，以建構一套適合台灣中小型企業的公司 治理守則。目的在於透過公司治理守則的建立與宣導，配合適當的事後法律救濟制度， 強化閉鎖性公司少數股東之保障。 公司治理已為國際發展之趨勢，然而目前關於公司治理的規範與討論皆限於公開發 行公司，多數為大型或股權分散的企業。然而在經濟現實面，非公開發行公司或閉鎖性 公司，在各國的整體經濟發展過程亦佔有一席之地，其公司治理的問題卻長期被忽視， 學術上也鮮有相關論著。歐洲甫於2010 年發布「歐洲非公開發行公司治理實務守則」， 顯示本研究議題的重要性與其執行時機的適切性，期能為閉鎖性公司公司治理之研究開 啟新的一頁。 此外，在閉鎖性公司法制中，最重要的是少數股東之保障，一方面閉鎖性公司的股 東不若公開發行公司的股東可任意轉讓股份，當發生大股東壓迫小股東的不公平現象 (oppression)，或是因股東不合而產生股東僵局(deadlock)無法打破的情形，股東無法任意 轉讓股份以收回投資；另一方面是閉鎖性公司之多數股東，通常為董事或控制權股東， 可透過多數決原理(majority rule)，以合法的程序輕易地剝奪少數股東之權益。大股東壓 迫小股東之情形在閉鎖性公司更容易發生，因此，法律對於閉鎖性公司少數股東權之保 障更顯重要。然而，目前我國法院似乎尚未建立一套明確的保護機制。 本研究將蒐集並整理我國過去十年關於閉鎖性公司少數股東權保障之相關判決，釐 清目前閉鎖性公司少數股東所面臨的難題。美國法對於少數股東權之保障一向非常周 全，多數州的法院認為閉鎖性公司股東間之關係與合夥關係較為相近，與一般公司組織 不同，因此股東間應互負受託義務（fiduciary duty）。此外，在少數股東面臨壓迫或其他 不公平對待時，美國亦賦予其多元彈性的救濟管道，讓法院依個案情況選擇適當的救 濟，以保護少數股東之權益。本研究亦將參酌美國之學術文獻及法院判決，作為我國相 關法制之借鏡。
    The purpose of this research study is to review current legal protection available to minority shareholders of close corporation and to discuss corporate governance issues faced by close corporation in order to establish principles of corporate governance for small-and-medium size firms in Taiwan. This study is intended to enhance the protection of minority shareholders of close corporation through establishing principles of corporate governance and recommending appropriate ex post legal remedies. Corporate governance has been a world trend; however, current discussion of corporate governance regulation has been limited to public companies, which are mostly large enterprises with dispersed ownership. In economic realities, unlisted companies or close corporation play an important role in national economy. Nevertheless, corporate governance of close corporation has been neglected in the past. The recently announced “Corporate Governance Guidance and Principles for Unlisted Companies in Europe” in March 2010 attest the importance and timeliness of the proposed research study. Furthermore, the most important research subject in close corporation is the protection of minority shareholders’ rights. First of all, shareholders of close corporation are unable to transfer their shares arbitrarily. When there is oppression by majority shareholders or disagreements which causes deadlock, minority shareholders cannot realize their investments through transferring of shares. Secondly, majority shareholders, who usually serve as directors, can legally deprive minority shareholders of their rights. Consequently, the protection of rights of minority shareholders is more important, especially in close corporations. However, there lacks a clear set of rules in protecting minority shareholders in Taiwan. This study proposes to collect and review judicial decisions relevant to the protection of minority shareholders’ rights in close corporation in the past ten years. United States has maintained a high level of shareholder protection. Most state courts consider shareholders’ relations in close corporations are more similar to a partnership than general companies and rule that shareholders of close corporation owe fiduciary duty to each other. In addition, when minority shareholders face oppression or unjust treatment, U.S. courts enjoy more flexibility in choosing the form of remedies for minority shareholders on a case-by-case basis. Therefore, this study will also refer to U.S. academic literature and court decisions.
    關聯: 計畫編號 NSC101-2410-H004-003
    数据类型: report
    显示于类别:[法律學系] 國科會研究計畫

    文件中的档案:

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    101-2410-H004-003.PDF1013KbAdobe PDF2620检视/开启


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