English  |  正體中文  |  简体中文  |  Post-Print筆數 : 27 |  Items with full text/Total items : 109952/140887 (78%)
Visitors : 46295200      Online Users : 1176
RC Version 6.0 © Powered By DSPACE, MIT. Enhanced by NTU Library IR team.
Scope Tips:
  • please add "double quotation mark" for query phrases to get precise results
  • please goto advance search for comprehansive author search
  • Adv. Search
    HomeLoginUploadHelpAboutAdminister Goto mobile version
    Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/90782


    Title: 台灣的社會階級結構及其流動-父子職業流動的實證研究
    Authors: 余淑𡝮
    Contributors: 謝雨生
    余淑𡝮
    Date: 1989
    Issue Date: 2016-05-04 16:10:39 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 摘要
    本研究擬以新韋伯論者所強調之共同流動機會的社會階級意涵,聯結職業與社會階級二個概念於實証研究之中。藉由職業與社會階級的配置關係,實証探索台灣父子職業流動的社會階級結構。並進一步瞭解低層白領階級(監督及佐理人員)普羅化現象,是否明顛地存在於職業與社會階級的劃歸態勢中,使得職業與社會階級配置關係上,出現邊際職業的劃歸態勢。進而深入分析社會階級的相對流動機會,同時又實証探討父子職業地位傳承現象,是否亦普存於台灣社會之中。因此,簡而言之,本研究的研究目的有二:
    1.探討父子職業流動的社會階級結構,以瞭解職業與社會階級間最適當的配置關係。
    2.分析社會階級的流動機率或相對流動機會。

    緊接著,在探討眾多有關職業與社會階級配置的文獻之後,本研究乃將台灣七類職業劃歸為藍領和白領二個社會階級。為了實証探討台灣務農者的市場情境是否殊異於非務農者的狀況,又將農林漁牧工作人員自藍領階級分出,獨立劃歸為農民階級,而形成七類職業與三個社會階級的配置關係。然後再將低層白領階級(監督及佐理人員)普羅化與父子職業地位傳承二個現象納入實証模式的探討中,因而形成本研究八個分析模式的建構,並提出下列的五個假設:
    假設一:農林漁牧工作人員將因其特殊的市場情境(即父子職業流動的共同流動機會),而自立形成一個社會階級--農民階級。
    假設二:由於台灣社會低層白領階級(監督及佐理人員)普羅化程度相當高, 職業與社會階級的配置關係上可能存在邊際職業的劃歸態勢。
    假設三:基於封閉假說,社會階級不流動的機率可能高於流動的機率。
    假設四:各社會階級流動中以農民階級流動到藍領階級的機率最高,而以白領階級流動到農民階級的流動機率最低。
    假設五:社會階級不流動中存在職業地位傳承現象,尤以買賣工作人員和農林漁牧工作人員的代間職業傳承效果最顯著。

    本研究以行政院主計處出版的"中華民國七十五年台灣地區家庭收支暨個人所得分配調查"為主要的資科來源,透過隱性結構模型及準隱性結構模型分析方法的運用,達到實証探討父子職業流動的目的。

    實証結果則以模式八最切合實証資料,顯示台灣父子職業流動的社會階級結構,可由白領、藍領、和農民三個社會階級所組成。就職業劃歸社會階級的條件機率而言,無論父子,白領階級主要由買賣工作人員和監督及佐理人員所組成;藍領階級主要由生產及有關工作人員所組成;農民階級完全由農林漁牧工作人員組成。而職業與社會階級配置關係上,也出現邊際職業的劃歸態勢,只是實証結果又指出台灣社會低層白領階級普羅化的程度非常低,同時台灣社會也明顯地存在父子職業地位傳承的現象,但其中監督及佐理人員和服務工作人員二類則不存在職業地位傳承現象。

    在瞭解職業與社會階級的配置關係和社會階級結構之後,本研究又深入分析其相對的流動機會,結果發現台灣社會約有48%的人是屬於社會階級流動現象者,其中以農民流動到藍領階級的機率最高,以白領階級流動到農民階級的機率最低;屬於社會階級不流動,但職業流動者(白領階級和藍領階級不流動的機率相近)佔19%;33%屬於社會階級不流動且職業不流動之完全不流動者,以生產及有關工作人員的傳承機率最高,其次為農林漁牧工作人員,買賣工作人員又次之,而以行政及主管人員的傳承機率最低。

    同時白領、藍領階級的子弟大部份均以父代的社會階級為其主要的階級,然而農民階級的子弟則多流動到藍領階級。而子代白領階級亦大部份由白領階級的子弟所組成,但子代藍領和農民二階級,主要的組成份子均來自農民階級的子弟。由此可知,在台灣社會中農民階級的子弟大量地流動到藍領階級。如此實証結果確實地反應現階段產業結構轉型趨勢的影響效應。
    Reference: 參考書目
    一、中文部份
    林嘉誠
    1983 "『科技專家』階層之崛起、流動及影響",東吳政治社會學報,第7期 頁81-98。
    徐正光
    1977 "工廠工人的工作滿足及其相關因素之探討",中央研究院民族學研究所集刊,第四十三期。
    1979 "工廠工人的個人現代性",思與言,第17卷第4期,頁22-34。
    許嘉猷
    1981a "新結構論:社會階層研究的新方向",思與言,第19卷第3期,頁234-249。
    1981b "出身與成就:美國人民的地位取得及其在台灣地區之適用性",美國研究,第11卷第4期,頁1-29。
    1982 "出身與成就:台灣地區的實証研究",社會科學整合論文集,頁265-299。
    1985 "組織結構特性及其對薪資的影響──勞力市場分割理論的初步探討",第四次社會科學會議論文,南港:中研院三民主義研究所,頁101-119。
    1986 社會階層化與社會流動,台北:三民書局
    許嘉猷
    1987a "台灣與美國階級之比較",美國研究,第17卷第2期,頁37-79。
    1987b "台灣的階級結構",中國社會學刊,第11期春季,頁25-60。
    陳文玲
    1985a "社會階層與社會階級──概念與分析──",思與言,第22卷第6期,頁591-606。
    1985b 人口成長對社會流動的影響──理論探討與教育流動之實証研究,東海社研所碩士論文
    陳寬政
    1980 "結構性社會流動影響機會分配的過程",台大人口學刊,第四期,頁103-126。
    1982 "能力與成就的社會學考察",中國社會學刊,第6期,頁233-252。
    1983 "經濟發展與所得分配:均與富之辨",第三次社會指標研討會論文初稿,南港:中研院三民所,頁233-252。
    張茂桂
    1987 "主觀生活品質與社會階級"見楊國樞、瞿海源主編:變遷中的台灣社會,頁61-84,台北:中央研究院民族學研究所專刊乙種第二十號。
    張紹文、許仁真、包青天和張景涵
    1971 "台灣社會力的分析",大學雜誌,第43期,頁32-35;第44期,頁14-25;第45期,頁20-26。
    張華葆
    1987 社會階層,台北:三民書局。
    張維安、王德睦
    1983 "社會流動與選擇性婚姻",中國社會學刊,第7期,頁191-214。
    張銀旭
    1988 台灣職業流動的模式及其變遷,政大社研所碩士論文。
    張曉春
    1984 "勞工問題",見楊國樞、葉啟政主編,台灣社會問題,頁413-462,台北,巨流出版社。
    葉啟政
    1979 "現代工業社會中的知識份子",台大社會學刊第13期,頁61-82。
    蔡淑齡、文崇一
    1985 "性別與社會流動",中研院民族所集刊,第10期,頁121-147。
    蔡淑鈴、廖正宏、黃大洲
    1985 "從社會階層化觀點論農民階級",中央研究院三民主義研究所,第四次社會科學會議論文。
    蔡淑鈴
    1984"職業地位結構:台灣地區的變遷研究",台灣社會與文化變遷研討會論文,台北:中央研究院民族研究所。
    蔡淑玲
    1987 "社會地位取得:山地、外省及閩客之比較"見楊國樞、瞿海源主編:變遷中的台灣社會,頁1-44,台北:中央研究院民族學研究所專刊乙種第二十號。
    龍冠海
    1983 社會學,台北:三民書局
    謝雨生
    1988 "隱性結構模式在社會科學中的應用--以台灣農民對使用農藥的態度為例"。民意學術專刊,第133期,頁23-47。
    謝高橋
    1982 社會學,台北:巨流圖書公司。
    瞿海源
    1982 "勞力市場與出身對成就之影響",中研院民族所集刊,第53期,頁133-152。

    二、英文部份
    Bendix, R. and S. M. Lipset
    1966 Class,Status and Power: Social Stratification in Comparative Perspective. 2nd. The Free Press.
    Blau, P.M. and O. D. Duncan
    1967 The American Occupation Structure, New York, Wiley.
    Breiger, R. L.
    1981 "The Social Class Structure of Occupational Mobility."American Journal of Sociology 87: 578-687.
    Breeiger, R. L.
    1982 "A Structural Analysis of Occupational Mobility." PP.17-32 in P. V. Marsden and N. Lin Ceds.), Social Structure and Network Analysis. Beverly Hills,Calif.: Sage.
    Breen, R. and C. T. Whelan
    1985 "Vertical Mobility and Class Inheritance in the British Isles." The British Journal of Sociology 36: 175-192.
    Clogg, C. C.
    1977 "Unrestricted and Restricted Maximum Likelihood Latent Structure Analysis: A Manual for Users."Working Paper 1977-09. University Park: Population Issues Research Center, Pennsylvania State University.
    1979 "Some Latent Structure Models for the Analysis of Likert Type Data." Social Science Research 8: 287-381.
    Clogg, C. C.
    1980 "Charactizing the Class Grganization of Labor Market Opportunity: A Modified Latent Structure Approach."Sociological Methods and Research 8: 243-272.
    1981a "New Developments in Latent Structure Analysis." Pp.215-246 in D. H. Jackson and E. F. Borgatta (eds.),Factor Analysis and Measurement In Sociological Research. Beverly Hill: Sage.
    1981b "Latent Structure Models of Mobility." American Journal of Sociology 86: 836-868.
    Clogg, C. C. and L. A. Goodman
    1984 "Latent Structure Analysis of a Set of Multidimensional Contingency Tables." Journal of the American Statistical Association 79: 762-771.
    Dahrendorf, R.
    1959 Class and Class Conflict in Industrial Society.Stanford. Ca.: Stanfold University Press.
    Dillon, W. R. and M. Goldstein
    1984 Multivariate Analysis: Methods and Application.台北:華泰書局.
    Duncan, O. D.
    1979 "How Destination Dependents on Origin in the Occupational Mobility Table. " American Journal of Sociology 84: 793-803.
    Durkheim, E.
    1933 The Divison of Labour in Society. New York: The Free Press.
    Erikson, R., J. H. Goldthorpe, and L. Portocarero
    1979 "Intergenerational Class Mobility in Three Western European Societies: England, France and Sweden."The British Journal of Sociology 38 (Dec.): 415-441.
    1982 "Social Fluidity in Industrial Nations: England, France and Sweden." The British Journal of Sociology 33: 1 -34.
    1983 "Intergenerational Class Mobility and the Convergence Thesis: England, France and Sweden." The British Journal of Sociology 34 (Sep.): 303-343.
    Featherman, D. L. and R. M. Hauser
    1978 Opportunity and Change. New York: Academic Press.
    Gagliani, G.
    1981 "How Many Working Classes?" American Journal of Sociology 87: 259-285.
    Giddens, A.
    1973 The Class Structure of the Advanced Societies.New York: Harper & Row.
    Gilbert, G. N.
    1986 "Occupational Classes and Inter-Class Mobility."The British Journal of Sociology 37: 378-391.
    Glass, D.V. (ed.)
    1954 Social Mobility In Britain. Londen: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
    Goldthorpe, J. H., C. Llewellyn, and C. Payne
    1988 Social Mobility and Class Structure In Modern Britain. Oxford: Clarendon.
    Goldthorpe, J. H.
    1984 "Social Mobility and Class Formation: on the Renewal of a Tradition in Social Inquiry. " Working Paper No. 1 CASMIN-Project, Institut Fur Sozialwissen Schaften,
    Universitat Mannheim, Tattersallster 2.
    Goodman, L. A.
    1969 "On the Measurement of Social Mobility: An Index of Status Persistence." American Sociological Review 34: 831-850.
    1974a "The Analysis of System of Qualitative Variables When Some of the Variables Are Unobservable, Part 1-A Modified Latent Structure Approach." American Journal of Sociology 79: 1179-1259.
    Goodman, L. A.
    1974b "Exploratory Latent Structure Analysis Using Both Identifiable and Unidentifiable Models." Biomtrika 61: 215-231.
    1978 Analysing Qualitative / Categorical Data. Cambridge,MA.: Abt Books.
    Goodman, L. A.
    1979a "Multiplicative Models for The Analysis of Occupational Mobility Tables and Other Kinds of Cross-Classification Tables." American Journal of Sociology 84: 884-819.
    1979b "On the Estimation of Parameters in Latent Structure Analysis." psychometrika 44: 123-128.
    1981 "Criteria for Determining Whether Certain Categories In a Cross-Classification Table Should be Combined,With Special Reference to Occupational Categories in an Occupational Mobility Table." American Journal of Sociology 87: 612-658.
    1984 The Analysis of Cross-Classified Data Having Ordered Categories. Combridge, MA.: Harrard University Press.
    Grusky, D. B. and R.M. Hauser
    1984 "Comparative Social Mobility Revisited: Models of Convergence and Divergence in 16 Countries." American Sociological Review 49 (Feb.): 19-38
    Hauser, R. M.
    1978 "A Structure Model of the Mobility Table." Social Forces 56 (3): 919-953.
    1987 "Reply to Kim." Social Forces 65: 806 - 815.
    Hauser, R. M. and D. B. Grusky
    1988a "Cross- National Variation In Occupational Distributions, Relative Mobility Chances, and Intergene rational Shifts in Occupational Distributions."American Sociological Review 53 (Oct.): 723 - 741.
    1988b "Errors in Slomczynski and Krauze`s Comparative Analysis of Social Mobility." American Sociological Review 53 (Oct.): 749-752.
    Hope, K.
    1972 "Quantifying Constraints on Social Mobility: The Latent Hierarchies of a Contingency Table." Pp.121-190 in K. Hope (ed.), The Analysis of Social Mobility:Methods and Approaches. Oxford: Clarendon.
    1982 "Vertical and Nonvertical Class Mobility in Three countries." American Sociological Review 47 (Feb.):99-113.
    Hout, M.
    1983 Mobility Table. Sage University Paper Series on Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences.Series No. 07-031. Beverly Hill: Sage.
    Hout, M.
    1984 "Status,Autonomy, and Training in Occupational Mobility." American Journal of Sociology 89:1379-1409
    Hsieh, Y. S.
    1985 Occupational Incongruity and Job Dissatifaction in Taiwan. Ph. D. Dissertation, The Pennsylvania State University.
    1986 "The Latent Structure of Occupational incongrity for Taiwan Lobor Force." Journal of Population Studies 9: 131-169.
    1987 "Using Simultaneous Latent Structure Models to Analyze Group Differences: Exploratory Analysis of Types of Labor Utilization."統計學術研討會,台北。
    Jones, F. L.
    1985 "Structural and Circulation Mobility are Alive and Well: A Critical Comment on Sobel`s Premature Obituary Notice." Sociology 19 (Feb.): 139-142.
    Kerckhoff, A. C., R. T. Campbell, and I. Winfield-Laird
    1985 "Social Mobility in Great Britain and the United States." American Journal of Sociology 91 (Sep.):281-308.
    Kim, Jae-On
    1987 "Social Mobility, Status Inheritance, and Structure Constraints: Conceptual and Methodological Considerations."Social forces 65: 783-805.
    Lazarsfeld, P. F.
    1950 "The Logical and Mathematical foundation of Latent Structure Analysis." In S. A. Stouffer et al. (eds.),Measurement and Prediction. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
    Lazarsfeld, P. F. and N. W. Henry
    1968 Latent Structure Analysis. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
    Lipset, S. M. and R. Bendix
    1963 Social Mobility in Industrial Society. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
    Marsden, P. V.
    1985 "Latent Structure Models for Relationlly Defined Social Classes." American Journal of Sociology 90 (March): 1002-1821.
    Marx, K. and F. Engels
    1947 "Historical Materialism, Idealism and the Divison of Lobor." Pp. 17-28 in The German Ideology. New York: International Publishers.
    1955 The Communist Manifesto. New York: Appleton-Century -Crofts Inc., Pp. 21 - 27.
    Mitchell, J. C. and F. Critchley
    1985 "Configurational Similarity In Three Class Contexts in British Society." Sociology 19 (Feb.) :72-92.
    Murphy, R.
    1984 "The Structure of Closure: a critique and development of the theories of Weber, Collins, and Parkin."The British Journal of Sociology 35: 547-567.
    Murphy, R.
    1986 "Weberian Closure Theory: a Contribution to the Ongoing Assessment." The British Journal of Sociology 37: 21-41.
    Noble, T.
    1972 "Social Mobility and Class Relations in Britain."The British Journal of Sociology 23 (Dec.) :422-436.
    Parkin, F.
    1979 Marxism and Class Theory: A Bourgeois Critique.New York: Columbia University Press.
    Pullum, T. W.
    1975 Measuring Occupational Inheritance. New York:Elsevier.
    Robinson, R.V. and J. Kelley
    1979 "Classes as Conceived by Marx and Dahrendorf: Effects on Income Inequality and Polities in the United States and Great Britain." American Sociological Review 44: 38-58.
    Robinson, R. V.
    1984 "Structure Change and Class Mobility in Capitalist Societies." Social Forces 63 (Sep.): 51-71.
    1984 "Reproducing Class Relations in Industrial Capitalism." American Sociological Review 49(Apri1): 182-196.
    Robinson, R.V. and M.A. Garnier
    1985 "Class Reproduction among Men and Women in France:Reproduction Theory and Its Home Ground." American Journal of Sociology 91: 250-280.
    Sheu, J. Y.
    1987 "The Class Structure in Taiwan and its Changes."(Mimea)
    Slomczynski, K. M. and T. Krauze
    1984 "Should the Framework of Structural vs Circulation Mobility be Abandoned? If so, Not Because of Faulty Logic." American Sociological Review 49 (Dec.):850-852.
    Slomczynski, K. M. and t. Krauze
    1988 "A Paradigmatic Crisis in the Multiplicative Modeling of Mobility Tables: The Problem of Circulation Mobility as an Anomaly." American Sociological Review 53 (Oct.): 742-748.
    Snipp, C. M.
    1985 "Occupational Mobility and Social Class: Insights frpm Men`s Career Mobility." American Sociological Review (August): 475-492.
    Sobel, M. E.
    1983 "Structural Mobility, Circulation Mobility and the Analysis of Occupational Mobility: A Conceptual Mismatch." American Sociological Review 48 (Oct.):721-727.
    Sobel, M. E.
    1984 " "Frameworks" and Frameworks: Reply to Slomczynski and Krauze." American Sociological Review 49 (Dec.):852-853.
    Sobel, M. E, M. Hout and O. D. Duncan
    1985 "Exchange, Structure, and Symmetry 1n Occupational Mobility." American Journal of Sociology 91:359-372.
    Sorokin, P. A.
    1927 Social and Cultural Mobility. New York: Free Press.
    Stephens, J. D.
    1979 "Class Formation and Class Consciousness: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis with Reference to Britain and Sweden." The British Journal of Sociology 30 (Dec.):389-415.
    Treiman, D. J.
    1977 Occupational prestige in Comparative Perspective.New York: Academic Press.
    Vanneman, R.
    1977 "The Occupational Composition of American Class.American Journal of Sociology 82: 783-808.
    Wang, C. S. Y.
    1980 "Social Mobility in Taiwan. "Paper in Social Sciences.No. 80-3. Institute of Three Principles of the People,Academia Sinica.
    Weber, M.
    1946 "Class, Status and Party." From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology, Translated by H. H. Gerth and C. W. Mills,Pp. 180-195. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    1978 "Status Group and Classes." Pp. 302-307 in G. Roth and C. Wittich (eds.), Economy and Society.Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
    Wright, E. O. and L. Perrone
    1977 "Marxist Class Categories and Income Inequality."American Sociological Review 42: 32-55.
    Wright, E. O.
    1979 Class Structure and Income Detemination. New York Academic Press.
    Wright, E. O. and D. Hachen
    1982 "The American Class Structure." American Sociological Review 47(Dec.) :709-726.
    Wright, E. O. and B. Martin
    1987 "The Transformation of the American Class Structure,1960-1980." American Journal of Sociology 93 (July):1-29.
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    社會學系
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002005639
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[社會學系] 學位論文

    Files in This Item:

    File SizeFormat
    index.html0KbHTML2373View/Open


    All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.


    社群 sharing

    著作權政策宣告 Copyright Announcement
    1.本網站之數位內容為國立政治大學所收錄之機構典藏,無償提供學術研究與公眾教育等公益性使用,惟仍請適度,合理使用本網站之內容,以尊重著作權人之權益。商業上之利用,則請先取得著作權人之授權。
    The digital content of this website is part of National Chengchi University Institutional Repository. It provides free access to academic research and public education for non-commercial use. Please utilize it in a proper and reasonable manner and respect the rights of copyright owners. For commercial use, please obtain authorization from the copyright owner in advance.

    2.本網站之製作,已盡力防止侵害著作權人之權益,如仍發現本網站之數位內容有侵害著作權人權益情事者,請權利人通知本網站維護人員(nccur@nccu.edu.tw),維護人員將立即採取移除該數位著作等補救措施。
    NCCU Institutional Repository is made to protect the interests of copyright owners. If you believe that any material on the website infringes copyright, please contact our staff(nccur@nccu.edu.tw). We will remove the work from the repository and investigate your claim.
    DSpace Software Copyright © 2002-2004  MIT &  Hewlett-Packard  /   Enhanced by   NTU Library IR team Copyright ©   - Feedback