English  |  正體中文  |  简体中文  |  Post-Print筆數 : 27 |  Items with full text/Total items : 109951/140890 (78%)
Visitors : 46263329      Online Users : 912
RC Version 6.0 © Powered By DSPACE, MIT. Enhanced by NTU Library IR team.
Scope Tips:
  • please add "double quotation mark" for query phrases to get precise results
  • please goto advance search for comprehansive author search
  • Adv. Search
    HomeLoginUploadHelpAboutAdminister Goto mobile version
    政大機構典藏 > 理學院 > 心理學系 > 學位論文 >  Item 140.119/94844
    Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/94844


    Title: 外在環境對女性性別歧視與工作家庭衝突的影響
    Authors: 陳雪君
    Contributors: 李怡青
    陳雪君
    Keywords: 善惡意性別歧視
    負向狀態解除
    社會認同理論
    黑羊效果
    女性工作環境
    Date: 2009
    Issue Date: 2016-05-09 11:58:11 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 本論文探討外在環境和女性支持性別歧視的關係,透過實驗室的操弄和現實情境的測量進行了解,並探討可能的機制。此外,本論文也探討女性知覺到的負面環境、女性自身的性別歧視和工作家庭衝突的關聯性。根據社會認同威脅理論和Fischer(2006)的研究發現,本論文預期當外在環境對於女性的態度為負向時,女性較支持性別歧視。在實驗室情境中(研究一),藉由訊息價值和訊息來源的操弄,以了解正負面環境和態度來源差異對於女性性別歧視的影響,並透過負向狀態解除和女性次類別評估,探討女性支持性別歧視的可能原因。在現實情境中(研究二),我們請女性填答工作環境量表以測量受試者知覺到的負面環境,並檢驗女性負面環境和性別歧視之間的關係。此外,也檢驗負面環境與女性所經歷的工作家庭衝突有何關係。除了探討女性支持性別歧視的現象與機制外,本論文亦檢驗性別歧視與女性經驗工作家庭衝突的因應策略有何關係。

    總結來說,本論文有兩個研究。研究一透過實驗法探討女性因負面環境而支持性別歧視的現象,並關心負面來源的影響,藉此檢驗外在環境對於女性支持性別歧視的影響。並透過兩個可能機制:負向狀態解除和女性次類別評估,以了解女性支持性別歧視的可能原因,其中受試者為223位大學女學生。實驗操弄女性受試者得知男性(或女性)對女性的正向(或負向)評價,並經由三種不同作業探討兩種機制,即採2(訊息來源:男性、女性)× 2(訊息價值:正向、負向)× 3(作業:控制組、負向狀態解除、女性次類別評估)實驗者間設計。結果顯示控制組的惡意性別歧視受訊息價值和訊息來源影響。當得知女性對女性有正向評價時,受試者較不支持惡意性別歧視,而善意性別歧視不受訊息價值和訊息來源影響。根據次類別評估作業,本研究發現相較於正向評價組,負向評價組的受試者會貶抑無能力、負向且非典型的女性次類別。此外,透過對女性次類別的評價,受試者的性別歧視不受訊息來源和訊息價值的影響。

    研究二採問卷調查,以32名已婚且有工作的女性做為研究對象,探討在現實情境中女性知覺負面環境與其性別歧視間的關係,以及知覺負面環境、性別歧視、與女性工作與家庭衝突的關係。有別於研究一使用訊息價值的操弄作為負面環境的激發,研究二使用工作環境量表來測量負面環境。研究結果顯示女性惡意性別歧視與負面工作環境間並無顯著關聯。然而,結果顯示性別角色態度在女性工作環境與善意性別歧視間扮演調節的角色:具有傳統性別角色態度者,其善意性別歧視與工作環境的關聯較不傳統者高,也就是說,性別角色態度較傳統者,知覺越負面的工作環境,其善意性別歧視也越高;性別角色態度較不傳統者其知覺的工作環境與善意性別歧視則無關聯。而在探討負面環境對於工作家庭衝突的影響時,我們發現越知覺負面工作環境,受試者感受的工作與家庭衝突壓力越大。
    Reference: 王明珂(1999)。女人、不潔與村寨認同:岷江上游的毒藥貓故事。中央研究院歷史語言研究所集刊, 70(3), 699-738。
    行政院主計處(2002)。各級教育學生及教師概況。台北市。
    行政院主計處(2003)。我國性別統計及婦女生活地位之國際比較研究。台北市。
    行政院主計處(2005)。女性勞動力參與率概況。台北市。
    行政院主計處(2006)。2005年社會指標統計年報。台北市。
    行政院主計處(2007)。性別權力測度(GEM)國際比較。台北市。
    教育部(2009)。各級學校概況_97學年度初步統計。台北市。
    陳文瑛(2006),女性職場文化對女性員工障礙與機會之關聯探討,國立台灣海洋大學系航運管理學系碩士學位論文。
    陳志霞、陳劍峰(2007)。善意和敵意性别偏見及其對社会認知的影響。心理科學進展,15(3),464~469。
    黃茂丁(2004)。工作-家庭雙向衝突之前因、後果及調節因子。輔仁大學心理學研究所碩士論文。台北市。
    Batra, R., & Stayman, D. M. (1990). The role of mood in advertising effectiveness.Journal of Consumer Research, 17, 203-214.
    Bergman, B. (2003). Validation of the Women Workplace Culture Questionnaire, Gender-Related Stress and Health for Swedish Working Women. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, 49, 287-297
    Bergman, B. & Hallberg, L. R. M.(2002). “Women in a male-dominated industry: factor analysis of a women workplace culture questionnaire based on a grounded theory model,” ProQest Education Journals, Vol.46, pp.311-322.
    Branscombe N R, Ellemers N, Spears R,et al.(1999). The context and content of the social identity threat. In: N Ellemers, R Spears, B Doosje (Eds.). Social identity: Context, commitment, content. Oxford, England: Blackwell, 35~58.
    Brewer, M. B. (1999). The Psychology of Prejudice: Ingroup Love or Outgroup Hate? Journal of Social Issues, 55, 429-444.
    Cameron, C. (1977). Sex-role attitudes. In S. Oskamp, (Ed.), Attitudes and opinions (pp. 339–359). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
    Cialdini, R. B., & Kenrick, D. T. (1976). Altruism as hedonism: A social development perspective on the relationship of negative mood state and helping. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 34, 907-914.
    Coats, S., & Smith, E. R. (1999). Perceptions of gender subtypes: Sensitivity to recent exemplar activation and in-group/out-group differences. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, 515-526.
    Cralley, E. L., & Ruscher, J. B. (2005). Lady, girl, female, or woman: Sexism and cognitive busyness predict use of gender-biased nouns. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 24, 300-314
    Davies, M. (2004). Correlates of Negative Attitudes Toward Gay Men: Sexism, Male Role Norms, and Male Sexuality. Journal of Sex Research, 41, 3, 259-266.
    Ellemers N.(1993). The influence of socio-structural variables on identity management strategies. In: W Stroebe, M Hewstone (Eds.), European review of social psychology. Chichester: Wiley press, 1993. 27~57.
    Fassinger, R. E. (1994). Development and testing of the Attitudes Toward Feminism and the Women’s Movement (FWM) scale. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 18, 389-402.
    Fischer, A. R. (2006). Women’s benevolent sexism as reaction to hostility. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 30, 410-416.
    Forbes, G. B., Collinsworth, L. L., Jobe, R. L., Braun, K. D., & Wise, L. M. (2007).Sexism, hostility toward women, and endorsement of beauty ideals and practices: Are beauty ideals associated with oppressive beliefs? Sex Roles, 56(5-6), 265-273.
    Franzoi, S. (2003), Social Psychology. (3nd ed.). McGraw-Hill.
    German Social Science Intrastructure Services, International Social Survey Programme 2002 - Family and Changing Gender Roles III, http://www.za.uni-koeln.de/data/en/issp/codebooks/ZA3880cdb.pdf
    Glick, P., Diebold, J., Bailey-Werner, B., & Zhu, L. (1997). The two faces of Adam: Ambivalent sexism and polarized attitudes toward women. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 1333–1344.
    Glick, P., & Fiske, S. T. (1996). The ambivalent sexism inventory: Differentiating hostile and benevolent sexism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(3), 491-492.
    Glick, P., & Fiske, S. T. (2001). An ambivalent alliance: Hostile and benevolent sexism as complementary justifications for gender inequality. American Psychologist, 56(2), 109-118.
    Glick, P., Fiske, S. T., Mladinic, A., Saiz, J. L., Abrams, D., Masser, B., et al. (2000). Beyond prejudice as simple antipathy: Hostile and benevolent sexism across cultures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 763–775.
    Glick, P., Lameiras, M., Fiske, S. T., Eckes, T., Masser, B., Volpato, C., et al., (2004). ” Bad but Bold:Ambivalent Attitudes Toward Men Predict Gender Inequality in 16 Nations ”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol.86(5), 713-728.
    Hewstone, M., Rubin, M., & Wills, H. (2002). Intergroup Bias. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 575-604.
    Hillier, L., & Foddy, M. (1993). The role of observer attitudes in judgments of blame in cases of wife assault. Sex Roles, 29 (9-10), 629-644
    Howard, D. J., & Barry, T. E. (1994). The role of thematic congruence between a mood-inducing event and an advertised product in determining the effects of mood on brand attitude. Journal of Consumer Psychology,3, 1-27.
    Innes, J. M., Dormer, S., & Lukins, J. (1993). Knowledge of gender stereotypes and attitudes towards women: A preliminary report. Psychological Reports, 73, 1005–1006.
    Lee, I. C., Pratto, F., & Li, M. C.(2007). Social relationships and sexism in the U.S. and in Taiwan. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 38, 5, 595-612.
    Lindzey, G. (1950). An experimental examination of the scapegoat theory of prejudice. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 45(2), 296-309.
    Marques, J. M., Yzerbyt, V. Y., & Leyens, J. P.(1988). The "black sheep effect": Extremity of judgments towards ingroup members as a function of group identificaion. European Journal of Social Psychology, 18,1-16.
    Marques, J. M., & Yzerbyt, V. Y.(1988). The "black sheep effect": The black sheep effect: Judgmental extremity towards ingroup members in inter- and intra-group situations. European Journal of Social Psychology, 18,287-292.
    Masser, B., & Abrams, D. (1999). Contemporary sexism: The relationships among hostility, benevolence, and neosexism. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 23, 503–517.
    Moya, M., Exposito, F., & Casado, P. (1999, July). Women`s reactions to hostile and benevolent sexist situations. Paper presented at the 22nd General Meeting of the European Association of Experimental Social Psychology, Oxford, England.
    Mummendey, A, & Wenzel, M. (1999). Social discrimination and tolerance in intergroup relations: reactions to intergroup differences. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 3(2), 158-174.
    Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1986). Communication and persuasion:Central and peripheral routes to attitude change. New York: Springer-Verlag.
    Renzetti, C. M. (1987). New wave or second stage? Attitudes of college women toward feminism. Sex Roles, 16, 5/6, 265-277.
    Schneider, F., Gur, R.C., Gur, R.E., Muenz, L.R. (1994): Standardized Mood Induction With Happy and Sad Facial Expressions. Psychiatry Research, Elsevier Science, Vol. 51, 19-31
    Sibley, C. G., & Wilson, M. S. (2004). Differentiating hostile and benevolent sexist attitudes toward positive and negative sexual female subtypes. Sex Roles, 51, 11/12, 687-696.
    Somech, A., & Drach-Zahavy, A. (2007). Strategies for Coping With Work-Family Conflict: The Distinctive Relationships of Gender Role Ideology. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 12(1), 1-19.
    Spence, J. T., & Helmreich, R. L. (1972). The attitudes toward women scale: An objective instrument to measure the attitudes toward the rights and roles of women in contemporary society. JSAS: Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 2, 66–67 (Ms. No. 153).
    Swim, J. K., Aikin, K. J., Hall, W. S., & Hunter, B. A. (1995). Sexism and racism: old-fashioned and modern prejudices. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 199-214.
    Tajfel, H. (1982). Social psychology of intergroup relations. Annual Review of Psychology, 33, 1-30.
    Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1986). The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. In Worchel, S., & Austin, W. G. (Eds), Psychology of intergroup relations. Chicago: Nelson-Hall.
    Tougas, F., Brown, R., Beaton, A. M., & St Pierre, L. (1999). Neosexism among women: The role of personally experienced social mobility attempts. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, 1487–1497.
    Turner, J. C. (1999). Some current issues in research on social identity and self-categorization theories. In N. Ellemers, R. Spears, & B. Doosje (Eds.), Social identity: context, commitment, content. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
    Viki, G. T., Abrams, D.,& Hutchison, P. (2003). The “true” romantic: Benevolent sexism and paternalistic chivalry. Sex Roles, 49, 533–537.
    Viki, G. T., & Abrams, D. (2003). Infra-humanization: Ambivalent sexism and the attribution of primary and secondary emotions to women. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39, 492–499.
    Whittaker, J. O. (1965). Sex differences and susceptibility to interpersonal persuasion. The Journal of Social Psychology, 1965, 66, 91-94.
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    心理學系
    94752011
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0094752011
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[心理學系] 學位論文

    Files in This Item:

    File SizeFormat
    index.html0KbHTML2298View/Open


    All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.


    社群 sharing

    著作權政策宣告 Copyright Announcement
    1.本網站之數位內容為國立政治大學所收錄之機構典藏,無償提供學術研究與公眾教育等公益性使用,惟仍請適度,合理使用本網站之內容,以尊重著作權人之權益。商業上之利用,則請先取得著作權人之授權。
    The digital content of this website is part of National Chengchi University Institutional Repository. It provides free access to academic research and public education for non-commercial use. Please utilize it in a proper and reasonable manner and respect the rights of copyright owners. For commercial use, please obtain authorization from the copyright owner in advance.

    2.本網站之製作,已盡力防止侵害著作權人之權益,如仍發現本網站之數位內容有侵害著作權人權益情事者,請權利人通知本網站維護人員(nccur@nccu.edu.tw),維護人員將立即採取移除該數位著作等補救措施。
    NCCU Institutional Repository is made to protect the interests of copyright owners. If you believe that any material on the website infringes copyright, please contact our staff(nccur@nccu.edu.tw). We will remove the work from the repository and investigate your claim.
    DSpace Software Copyright © 2002-2004  MIT &  Hewlett-Packard  /   Enhanced by   NTU Library IR team Copyright ©   - Feedback