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    Title: 史達林時期蘇聯建築藝術的政治思維與發展模式
    Authors: 吳佳娉
    Contributors: 陳美芬
    吳佳娉
    Keywords: 蘇聯前衛建築
    社會主義寫實主義
    史達林式建築
    Date: 2008
    Issue Date: 2016-05-09 13:29:10 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 在漫長的蘇聯歷史中,史達林1932至1953年間的執政歲月,藉由建築藝術的刻畫而深深地烙下不能抹滅的記號。1917年十月革命成功至1953年史達林逝世止,為蘇聯歷史中一段特別又耐人尋味的時期。二0年代的建築師以飽滿堅毅的精神信念,塑造出人類史上第一個社會主義國家的建築形象,他們企圖以建築作為書寫歷史的工具。革命成功後,建築營建配合社會大眾的需求,建築的功能更為平民化。同時建築也成為新政府政策的輔助工具,大量新型的公社大樓與城市建設工程反映出二0年代開始的經濟集體化政策。無論是構成主義或是古典主義,建築師以多樣新穎的設計展現革命後初期政治經濟社會短暫的自由氣氛。隨著史達林的掌權,蘇聯官方逐漸統一文藝創作方向,導致二0年代自由創作風氣消失匿跡。1931年蘇維埃宮設計競賽確立三0至五0年代初期整個蘇聯建築藝術發展的方向,古典主義與折衷主義取代先前前衛自由的創作風格,建築設計的一致性突顯出史達林時期的專權政治。當時史達林透過建築空間的營建規劃,擴大人民對社會主義思想的接觸,無論是地鐵站的內部設計裝潢或是建築上的外觀雕刻設計,甚至是建築的命名來源等,藉由這些藝術張力的散佈,建築設計成為史達林傳達思想理念的平台。以蘇聯建築為認識與探索蘇聯歷史變化的媒介,藉著分析史達林時期的圖騰表象來剖視歷史事件的政經背景與時代氛圍,經由建築本身之「永恆性」與「可見性」特質,還原建築「渲染」及「保存」俄羅斯革命後蘇聯社會的精彩面貌與年代風華。
    Reference: 壹、俄文參考資料
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    二、網站
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    貳、英文參考資料
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    二、期刊
    1. Bliznakov Milka, “The Realization of Utopia: Western Technology and Soviet Avant-Garde Architecture.”In Reshaping Russian Architecture, edited by William Brumfield, pp. 145-75. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991.
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    4. Hudson Hugh D., Jr. “The Social Condenser of Our Epoch: The Association of Contemporary Architects and the Creation of a New Way of Life in Revolutionary Russia.”Jahrbucher fur Geschichte Osteuropas 34, no. 4(1986).
    5. Kopp Anatole, “Foreign Architects in the Soviet Union During the First Two Five-Year Plans.”In Reshaping Russian Architecture: Western Technology, Utopian Dreams, edited by William C. Brumfield, pp. 176-214. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991.
    6. The New York Times, Stalin`s Seven Sisters, July 29 1997.
    7. Starr S. Frederick, “The Revival and Schism of Urban Planning in Twentieth-Century Russia.”In The City In Russian History, edited by Michael Hamm, pp. 222-42. Lexington, Ky., 1976.
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    三、網站
    1. Introduction to Russian Culture, http://www.und.nodak.edu/dept/lang/russian/162/culture.html
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    參、中文參考資料
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    16. M. B. 波索欣 著、馮文炯 譯,人民的城市,台北:建築與文化出版社,1992年。
    17. Joel Kotkin 著,謝佩妏 譯,城市的歷史,台北:遠足文化發行,2006年。
    18. Robert Layton 著,吳信鴻 譯,藝術人類學,台北:亞太圖書,1995年。
    19. Toby Clark 著,吳霈恩 譯,藝術與宣傳,台北:遠流出版事業股份有限公司,2003年3月。
    20. 阿諾德.豪澤爾 著,居延安 譯,藝術社會學,台北:雅典出版社,1989年。
    21. 奚靜之 著,俄羅斯和東歐美術,北京:中國人民大學出版社,2004年10月。
    22. Bill Risebero 著,催征國、何宏文 譯,西洋建築故事,台北:詹氏書局,2001年12月。
    23. Jim Antoniou 著,隋靜 譯,世界歷史名城,北京:中國建築工業出版社,2003年8月。
    24. Зезина М. Р. 著,劉文飛 譯,俄羅斯文化史,上海,上海譯文出版社,1999年12月。
    25. 易君博,政治理論與研究方法,台北:三民書局,1984年9月。
    26. 葉書宗,張盛發,錘子與鐮刀-蘇維埃文化和蘇維埃人,台北:淑馨出版社,1991年11月。
    27. 張盛發,史達林與冷戰(1945~1953年),台北:淑馨出版社,2000年8月。
    28. 李允華,白俄羅斯,北京:社會科學文獻出版社,2005年。
    29. 馬貴友,烏克蘭,北京:社會科學文獻出版社,2003年。
    30. 孫壯志,阿賽拜疆,北京:社會科學文獻出版社,2005年。
    31. 劉啓芸,塔吉克斯坦,北京:社會科學文獻出版社,2006年。
    32. 劉慶庚、徐小云,吉爾吉斯坦,北京:社會科學文獻出版社,2005年。
    33. Suzanne Labin著 李約 譯,史達林統治下的蘇俄,台北:國立編譯館,1965年。
    34. 王立山著,建築藝術的隱喻,廣州:廣東人民出版社,1998年。
    35. 特卡欽科著,走向社會主義的羅馬尼亞,北京:世界知識社,1956年。
    36. 李麥先著,洪茂雄 增訂,東歐諸國史,台北:三民出版社,2002年。
    37. 汪國瑜,建築:人類生息的環境藝術,台北:淑馨出版社,1998年。
    38. 沈福煦,人與建築,台北:台北斯坦出版有限公司,1993年。
    39. 北京建築圖說,北京:中國城市出版社,2004年。
    40. 曼弗雷多.塔夫里著,劉先覺譯,現代建築,北京:中國建築工業出版社,2000年。
    41. Christoph Hocker著,劉泉明 譯,建築小史,台北:三言社。2007年。
    42. 吳煥加,20世紀西方建築史,1998年。
    43. 劉先覺,中國近現代建築藝術,武漢:湖北教育出版社,2004年。
    44. 20世紀世界建築精品集錦 第七卷 俄羅斯、前蘇聯 獨聯體國家,北京:中國建築工業出版社,1999年。
    45. 蘇聯科學院經濟研究所,蘇聯社會主義經濟史,第五卷,北京:三聯書店,1984年。
    46. 大國崛起:俄羅斯/中國中央電視台《大國崛起》節目製作,台北:青林國際出版股份有限公司,2007年。

    二、期刊
    1. 熊自健,「史達林主義的今昔-寫再史達林百年生辰前夕」,問題與研究,台北:政大國關中心,第19卷,第2期。
    2. 陳美芬,「以蘇聯政治海報為文本解讀史達林個人崇拜的藝術體現」,俄羅斯學報,台北:國立政治大學俄羅斯研究所,創刊號,2001年1月。
    3. 陳美芬,「蘇聯社會主義寫實主義藝術的概念與認知」,俄語學報,台北:國立政治大學俄文系,1998年3月。
    4. 朱勝軍,「莫斯科建城方案的政治色彩」,北方經濟,內蒙呼和浩特市:內蒙自治區計畫委員會,2002年,06期。
    5. 邱莉莉,「莫斯科的城市建築與特色」,城市問題,北京:北京市社會科學院外國所,2001年,04期。
    6. 仲源,「莫斯科的地下革命」,世界博覽,北京:世界知識出版社,1996年,06期。

    三、論文
    1. 鄭光均,中蘇關係的持續與轉變之研究,台北:國立政治大學東亞研究所,1997年。
    2. 林唯聖,外高加索聯邦之聯邦體制:一九二二年至一九三六年,台北:淡江大學俄羅斯研究所,1999年。
    3. 李政清,中世紀歐洲哥德式教堂與其時代背景之關係—批判性建築史嚐試寫作,台北:淡江大學建築研究所,1983年。

    三、網站
    1. 蘇聯建築:http://scholar.ilib.cn/Abstract.aspx
    2. 建築館:http://159.226.2.5:89/gate/big5/www.kepu.net.cn/gb/civilization/architecture/index.html
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    俄羅斯研究所
    93263003
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0093263003
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[俄羅斯研究所] 學位論文

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