Loading...
|
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/99853
|
| Title: | APEC反恐建制分析:以會員體在供應鏈議題合作為例
Counter-terrorism in APEC: An Analysis on Supply Chain Security Regime |
| Authors: | 林千文
Lin, Chien Wen |
| Contributors: | 鄧中堅
林千文
Lin, Chien Wen |
| Keywords: | 供應鏈安全
APEC反恐
全球貿易安全與便捷化標準架構
國際建制
貿易反恐
Supply Chain Security
APEC Counter-terrorism
Framework of Standards to Secure and Facilitate Global Trade
International Regime
Counter Terrorism and Secure Trade |
| Date: | 2016 |
| Issue Date: | 2016-08-09 14:37:24 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 為因應反恐維安衝擊貿易流程，世界海關組織於2005年公布「全球貿易安全與便捷化標準架構」，為全球供應鏈安全合作奠定標準，惟其並無揭露該架構之內容如何談判而來。對此，本論文以2003-2005年APEC各會員體對前述架構核心要素之態度，分析21個會員體對供應鏈安全合作之看法，並探討APEC對該架構形成之角色究竟屬推動者或跟隨者，藉以理解個別會員體與區域組織形塑國際建制的作用。
在個別會員體部分，美國確於推動供應鏈安全國際建制之形成扮演主要角色，惟WCO標準架構核心要素並不全然為其他境內同受恐攻的會員體所接受，反而未受恐攻的會員體如台灣、馬來西亞、巴紐呈現高度配合，此顯示境內是否曾遭恐攻，並非一國決定支持供應鏈安全國際建制之必要條件。目前的發展則是美國有意實施更嚴格的安檢制度，但多數APEC會員體則更強調「最低安全標準」。此即，美國作為大國及原始知識提供者，但「共有知識」的形成並非其所能控制。
在區域組織形塑國際建制的部分，WCO公佈標準架構前，APEC各會員體並無積極共識之形成。然而，該架構公佈後，APEC則提出發展AEO計畫，用以執行WCO標準架構內之AEO認證規範。至2015年6月，具實質意義的AEO相互認證協議有30個，皆與APEC會員體有關。此一事實顯示自2005年WCO標準架構公布後11年間，APEC是WCO供應鏈安全建制的主要執行者。
World Customs Organization (WCO), in response to the impact of terrorism, had endorsed strategy of supply chain security in June 2005 named “Framework of Standards to Secure and Facilitate Global Trade.” WCO, however, had not shown much of the forming process of the framework. To understand the forming process, this research analyzes the positions of APEC‘s 21 members to the core elements of the framework during 2003-2005. The WCO framework also showed its feature as an international regime. Thus, the analysis would discern whether APEC’s role was a promoter or follower, and bring comprehension on the respectively functions of APEC members in the forming process of the new-born regime.
On the part of analyzing the functions of APEC members to form the regime, the research found the United States, as a member that had been attacked by terrorists, played a role as main promoter. The other members that had been attacked, however, did not show their fully support to the core elements of the regime. Nevertheless, some non-attacked members such as Taiwan, Malaysia, and Papua New Guinea usually represented their positive positions. The different positions of the attacked and non-attacked members suggest that been attacked by terrorists is not a necessary condition for a member to support the forming of the regime. The development of the cooperation in APEC now is emphasizing “the minimum security requirement” more than the strict measures suggested by the United States. This situation means the United States, as a great power and the origin of the knowledge of supply chain security, could influence deeply on the common knowledge of the regime instead of dominating it.
On the part of analyzing the functions of APEC as a regional organization to form the regime mentioned, the research found APEC did not have positive consensus before the WCO framework was published. However, APEC addressed an action plan on the development of AEO programs suggested by the framework. According to WCO, there were 30 AEO Mutual Recognition Agreements during June 2005 to May 2016, and the agreements were all relevant to APEC members. The fact showed APEC was proved to be the main role that had enforced the WCO framework in the mentioned 11 years. |
| Reference: | 壹、 中文部分
一、專書
沈聿子。《歐巴馬時期美澳同盟關係之研究2009年－2012年》，中興大學國際政治研究所論文，2012年。
李紹凱。《供應鏈安全政策對台灣製造業之衝擊》，國立高雄第一科技大學碩士論文，2008年。
徐德亮。《建置應用於供應鏈安全交易機制的XML簽章》，大同大學碩士論文，2001年。
周明江。《國際供應鏈安全機制與因應對策分析》，國立臺灣海洋大學碩士論文，2009年。
郭淑敏。《台灣導入AEO認證機制之研究分析與建議》，行政院經濟建設委員會2007年。
游世青。《貨櫃定期航商營運供應鏈安全管理之研究》，國立臺灣海洋大學碩士論文，2007年。
張莞悅、宋家惠。《APEC便捷化進展與未來》，經濟部國際貿易局，2004年。
楊國霖。《澳洲國境管理實務概述》，內政部入出國及移民署，2010年。
蔡文傑、林寶玉等。《日本導入全球貿易安全與便捷標準架構機制研修報告》，行政院經濟建設委員會，2007年。
蔡清正。《天然災害對台灣工業電腦產業供應鏈安全管理影響之研究》，國立臺北科技大學碩士論文，2012年。
劉柏立。《日本導入WCO 標準架構相關機制之研究》，行政院經濟建設委員會，2007年。
二、期刊論文
<美國海關與邊境保護局選擇Cotecna於中國實施供應鏈安全驗證>，《資訊產業報導》，2007年第8期，頁14。
<陽明海運呼籲強化供應鏈安全>，《中國船檢》，2010年第11期，頁69。
Erik Lars。<輸美產品應循供應鏈安全新規>，《進出口經理人》，2009年第4期，頁60-61。
天樂。<韓國陸軍707特種部隊保衛APEC的反恐訓練>，《輕兵器》，2006年第10期，頁28-31。
天樂。<韓國警察保衛APEC的反恐訓練>，《輕兵器》，2006年第9期，頁42-45。
孔繁英。<國際供應鏈安全機制執行現狀與臺灣地區應對策略>，《物流技術》
，2010年第29期第23卷，頁 144-146。
孔繁英。<國際供應鏈安全機制分析>，《物流技術》，2010年第29期第19卷，頁91-92。
左曉棟。<美國政府IT供應鏈安全政策和措施分析>，《資訊網路安全》，2010年第5期，頁10-12。
江啓臣。<APEC架構下反恐議題發展之研析>，《政治科學論叢》，2005年第25期，頁29-30。
朱於益。<ISO 28000供應鏈安全管理系統對航運港口設施安全評估與安全計畫擬定之要求>，《船舶與海運通訊》，2009年第68期，頁2-5。
朱紅紅、孫家慶、姚景芳、楊永志。<天然氣供應鏈安全戰略下的庫存集中控制研究>，《物流工程與管理》，2014年第7期，頁159-160。
宋燕輝。<亞太國家接受與海事安全相關國際規範現況之研究>，《臺灣國際法季刊》，2004年第 1卷第4期，頁11-52。
辛勤。<ISO為全球供應鏈安全管理提供系統方法>，《中國標準化》，2006年第2期，頁78。
李婷、劉勝春。<911後美國公司對於供應鏈安全管理的新思考>，《物流科技》
，2008年第31第3卷，頁119-121。
李柏峰。<全球供應鏈安全，知多少？>，《船舶與海運通訊》，2008年第58期，頁2-6。
李慧良、文曉巍。<生鮮農產品供應鏈安全可追溯的研究與應用>，《科技管理研究》，2011年第31期第1卷，頁209-212。
李寶奕。<供應鏈安全：全球港口、航運、物流關注的熱點>，《海運縱覽》，2008年第4期，頁34-37。
吳福成。<APEC反恐與安全產業>，《臺灣經濟研究月刊》，2004年第27卷第6期，頁21-26。
徐光勇、雍岐東、朱柯。<油料供應鏈安全評價與對策研究>，《中國儲運》，2009年第12期，頁61-62。
孟炯、唐小我、倪德兵。<製銷供應鏈安全責任的消費者驅動研究>，《中國管理科學》，2009年第17期第2卷，頁52-58。
陳文彬。<透過供應鏈安全強化企業的韌性－南亞科技（股）公司建立及執行AEO暨ISO28000>，《品質月刊》，2011年第47卷第8期，頁41-46。
陳明星。<糧食供應鏈安全：一個新的糧食安全視角—兼論糧食生產核心產區發展思路創新>，《調研世界》，2011年第3期，頁40-43。
張榮忠。<供應鏈安全與國土安全技術>，《綜合運輸》，2003年第3期，頁56-57。
張寒金。<國際食品供應鏈安全標準的變革>，《標準生活》，2010年第2卷，頁64-71。
張學坤、徐寧。<供應鏈安全中的運輸可見性>，《世界海運》，2006年第29第3卷，頁18-19。
郭鵬。<國際物流供應鏈安全政策法律體系研究>，《中國流通經濟》，2012年第26卷第1期，頁49-52。
黃國寶。<供應鏈安全與風險管理>，《品質月刊》，2011年第47卷第6期，頁8-11。
喬文生、 李志強、賈偉。<供應鏈安全管理體系在物流企業的應用>，《中國物流與採購》，2011年第6期，頁5。
陶海飛、楊性民、鞠芳輝。<企業社會責任視角的食品供應鏈安全機制構建>，《消費經濟》，2010年第3期，頁77-81。
趙來軍、張江華。<危險化學品供應鏈安全監管組織協調的幾個關鍵問題研究>，《復旦學報》，2007年第46卷第4期，頁437-441。
鄭端耀。<國際關係攻勢與守勢現實主義理論爭辯之評析>，《問題與研究》，2003年第42卷第2期, 頁1-21。
貳、英文部分
一、專書
Compendium of Authorized Economic Operator Programmes, World Customs Organization, 2012.
Compendium of Authorized Economic Operator Programmes, World Customs Organization, 2013.
Compendium of Authorized Economic Operator Programmes, World Customs Organization, 2014.
Compendium of Authorized Economic Operator Programmes, World Customs Organization, 2015.
Supply Chain Security: DHS Should Test and Evaluate Container Security Technologies Consistent with All Identified Operational Scenarios to Ensure the Technologies Will Function as Intended, U.S. Government Accountability Office, Sep. 2010.
World Trade Organization Annual Report 2002, World Trade Organization.
Callahan, David, Between Two Worlds : Realism, Idealism, And American Foreign Policy After the Cold War, New York : HarperCollins Publishers, 1994.
Cohen, Stephen D., The Making of United States International Economic Policy: Principles, Problems, and Proposed for Reform, Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1994.
Dent, Christopher, Singapore’s Foreign Policy: Coping With Vulnerability, 2000.
Grieco, Joseph M., “Anarchy and the Limits of Cooperation.” in Neorealism and Neoliberalism: The Contemporary Debate, 1993.
Glaser, Bonnie S. and Vitello, Jacqueline, Taiwan’s Marginalized Role in International Security, Washington D.C.: Center for Strategic and International Studies, Feb., 2015.
Katzenstein, Peter J., A World of Regions: Asia and Europe in the American Imperium, 2005.
Keohane, Robert, After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy, Princeton University Press, 1984.
Milner, Helen V. and Andrew Moravcsik, eds., Power, Interdependence and Non-state Actors in World Politics, 2010.
Supply Chain Security Initiatives: A Trade Facilitation Perspective, Stockholm: Kommerskollegium, 2008.
Wendt, Alexander, Social Theory of International Politics, Cambridge University Press, 1999.
二、期刊論文
Medeiros, Carlos Aguiar, ”The Post-war American Technological Development As A Military Enterprise,” Contributions to Political Economy, Vol.22, 2003, pp. 41-62.
Fu, Xiaoqiang, “Threatened, Yet Undaunted,” Beijing Review, Vol. 54, 2011, pp.14-15.
Haas, Peter M., Knowledge, Power, and International Policy Coordination, International Organization, Vol. 46, 1992, pp.1-35.
Hasenclever, Andreas；Mayer, Peter；Rittberger, Volker, ”Integrating theories of international regimes,” Review of International Studies, Vol.26, 2000, pp. 3-33.
Herbert, Anne L., "Cooperation in International Relations: A Comparison of Keohane, Haas and Franck", Berkeley Journal of International Law, Vol.36, Issue.1, 1996, pp.221-222.
Jervis, Robert “Security regimes,” International Organization, Vol. 36, 1982, pp. 357-378.
Keohane, Robert O., “International Institutions: Two Approaches,” International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 32, Dec., 1988, pp. 379-396.
Krasner, Stephen D., "Structural causes and regime consequences regimes as intervening variables, " International Organization ,Vol.36, Spr.,1982, pp.185-205.
Lipson, Charles, “The transformation of trade: the sources and effects of regime change,” International Organization, Vol. 36, 1982, pp. 417-455.
Ogilvie-White, Tanya, “Non-proliferation and Counterterrorism Cooperation in Southeast Asia: Meeting Global Obligations through Regional Security Architectures?, ” Contemporary Southeast Asia, Vol. 28 Issue 1, 2006, pp.1-26.
Peters, Joel, "Book review of Regime theory and international relations," International Affairs, Vol. 70, 1994, p. 300.
Powell, Robert,” Anarchy in International Relations Theory: TheNeorealist-Neoliberal Debate Neorealism and its Critics”, International Organization, Vol. 48, No. 2 (Spring, 1994), pp. 313-344.
Rosenau, James N., “Foreign Policy as Adaptive Behavior: Some Preliminary Notes for a Theoretical Model”, Comparative Politics, Vol. 2, Apr., 1970, pp. 365-387.
Ruggie, John Gerard ”International regimes, transactions, and change: embedded liberalism in the postwar economic order,” International Organization, Vol. 36, 1982, pp. 379-415.
Singh, Ajit, ”Globalization and the Regulation of FDI: New Proposals From the European Community and Japan,” Contributions to Political Economy, Vol.24, 2005, , pp. 99-121.
Volker Rittberger ed., Regime theory and international relations (Oxford: Clarendon Pres,1993), pp. 3-33.
Terada, Takashi “The US Struggles in APEC`s Trade Politics: Coalition-Building and Regional Integration in the Asia-Pacific,” International Negotiation, Jan. 2013, pp.49-66.
Yu, Hyun Seok, “Explaining the Functional Expansion of Regional Organization: The Case of Security Cooperation in APEC,” Pacific Focus, Vol. 23, 2008, pp.340–364.
Young, Oran R., ”Regime dynamics the rise and fall of international regimes,” International Organization, Vol. 36, 1982, pp. 277-297.
參、國際組織與政府報告
一、中文部分
財政部大港倡議作業要點，2010年4月9日。
李綱信。《臺灣貿易便捷化政策研析》，國家發展委員會，2013年。
林千文。《出席2013年第2次資深官員會議暨相關會議》，行政院出國報告，2013年6月。
林寶蓮。《考察世界關務組織(WCO)相關公約運作情形出國報告》，經濟部國際貿易局，2001年。
高麗淨、張嘉元。《出席第4屆修正版京都公約管理委員會會議報告》，行政院所屬各機關因公出國人員出國報告書，2008年5月。
唐禎錚等。《赴美國進行C-TPAT聯合驗證暨洽談我國AEO與美國C-TPAT相互承認實務運作事宜》，行政院所屬各機關因公出國人員出國報告書，2014年2月。
陳介山、林秀穗等。《國際供應鏈安全管理系統研究（簡報）》，經濟部標準檢驗局，2011年8月。
二、英文部分
APEC Secretariat, “Remaking APEC As An Institution: the Third Apian Policy Report(2002),” APEC International Assessment Network.
APEC Secretariat, “Supply Chain Security Guidelines,” CTTF documents of SOM I I(2003), Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation.
APEC Secretariat, “Draft Annotated Agenda,” CTTF documents of SOMII (2003), Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation.
APEC Secretariat, “APEC High-Level Meeting on Maritime Security Cooperation,” CTTF documents of SOM II (2003), Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation.
APEC Secretariat,“Draft Private Sector Supply Chain Security Guidelines,” CTTF documents of SOM III (2003), Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation.
APEC Secretariat, “Report to SOM Chair on Outcomes of the STAR Conference,” CTTF documents of SOM II (2003), Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation.
APEC Secretariat, “APEC Counter-Terrorism Action Plan,” CTTF documents of SOM II (2003), Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation.
APEC Secretariat, “APEC Counter-Terrorism Action Plan – Australia (011),” CTTF documents of SOM II (2003), Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation.
APEC Secretariat, “APEC Counter-Terrorism Action Plan –Japan (012),” CTTF documents of SOM II (2003), Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation.
APEC Secretariat, “APEC Counter-Terrorism Action Plan –Malaysia (013),” CTTF documents of SOM II (2003), Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation.
APEC Secretariat, “APEC Counter-Terrorism Action Plan –Philippines (014),” CTTF documents of SOM II (2003), Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation.
APEC Secretariat, “APEC Counter-Terrorism Action Plan –Canada (020),” CTTF documents of SOM II (2003), Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation.
APEC Secretariat, “APEC Counter-Terrorism Action Plan –New Zealand (021),” CTTF documents of SOM II (2003), Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation.
APEC Secretariat, “APEC Counter-Terrorism Action Plan –USA (022),” CTTF documents of SOM II (2003), Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation.
APEC Secretariat, “APEC Counter-Terrorism Action Plan –Indonesia (024),” CTTF documents of SOM II (2003), Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation.
APEC Secretariat, “APEC Counter-Terrorism Action Plan –Korea (025),” CTTF documents of SOM II (2003), Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation.
APEC Secretariat, “APEC Counter-Terrorism Action Plan –Thailand (032),” CTTF documents of SOM II (2003), Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation.
APEC Secretariat, “APEC Counter-Terrorism Action Plan –China (034),” CTTF documents of SOM II (2003), Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation.
APEC Secretariat, “APEC Counter-Terrorism Action Plan –Hong Kong, China (036),” CTTF documents of SOM II (2003), Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation.
APEC Secretariat, “APEC Counter-Terrorism Action Plan –Brunei (037),” CTTF documents of SOM II (2003), Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation.
APEC Secretariat, “APEC Counter-Terrorism Action Plan –Mexico (038),” CTTF documents of SOM II (2003), Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation.
APEC Secretariat, “Strengthening Maritime and Port Security in APEC Economies,” CTTF documents of SOM I (2004), Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation.
APEC Secretariat, “APEC Secretariat Report on APEC Developments,” CTTF documents of SOM I (2004), Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation.
APEC Secretariat, “Chair’s Summary Report,” CTTF documents of SOM III (2004), Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation.
APEC Secretariat, “APEC Private Sector Supply Chain Security Guidelines – Relevant Hits by Month,” CTTF documents of SOM III (2004), Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation.
APEC Secretariat, “New Collective Action Plan (CAP) Item: Implementation of World Customs Organization (WCO) Framework,” SCCP documents of SOM I (2005), Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation.
APEC Secretariat, “Implementation of APEC Framework Based on the WCO Framework of Standards to Secure and Facilitate the Global Trade,” SCCP documents of SOM II (2005), Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation.
APEC Secretariat, “New Collective Action Plan (CAP) Item: Implementation of World Customs Organization (WCO) Framework,” SCCP documents of SOM I (2005), Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation.
APEC Secretariat, “Radioactive Sources Initiative,” CTTF documents of SOM I (2005), Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
APEC Secretariat, “CTTF Chair’s Report on 7th AAPA Security Committee Meeting,” CTTF documents of SOM II (2005), Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation.
High Level Strategic Group, Framework of Standards to Secure and Facilitate Global Trade 2005, World Customs Organization.
APEC Secretariat, “Update on Study on Trade Recovery in APEC,” CTTF documents of SOM I (2006), Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation.
APEC Secretariat, “Report On the APEC Symposium on Total Supply Chain Security 6-7 July 2006,” CTTF documents of SOM III (2006), Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation.
APEC Secretariat,”New Zealand Efforts to Respond to APEC Leaders’ and Ministers’ Statements,”documents of CTTFdocuments of SOM II (2006), Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation.
APEC Secretariat, “An Update of U.S. Efforts to Implement Leaders and Ministers Commitments in Counter-Terrorism and Trade Related Security,” CTTF documents of SOM II (2007), Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation.
CBP Works with International Entities to Promote Global Customs Security Standards and Initiatives, but Challenges Remain, United States Government Accountability Office, August 2008.
APEC Secretariat, “Draft Action Plan on the Development of Authorized Economic Operator programs in APEC Economies,” SCCP documents of SOM I (2010), Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation.
CBP Annual Financial Report 2010.
Šemeta, Algirdas, Secure Trade and 100% Scanning of Containers, SEC(2010) 131 final, Feb., 2010.
APEC Secretariat, “Independent Assessment of the Counter-Terrorism Task Force,” CTTF documents of SOMIII (2013), Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation.
Privacy Impact Assessment for the Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (2013), Department of Homeland Security.
Bayhaqi, Akhmad, “Study on APEC Best Practices on Authorized Economic Operator (AEO) Programs (2015),” APEC Policy Support Unit.
”Members who have expressed their intention to implement the WCO Framework of Standards to Secure and Facilitate Global Trade,” World Custom Organization, Jan., 2015.
肆、網路資源
U.S. Customs and Border Protection, website: http://www.cbp.gov。
National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism,
The Global Terrorism Database, University of Maryland, 2015.Website: http://www.start.umd.edu/gtd/search/。
WCO website: http://www.wcoomd.org。
財政部關務署AEO網站，網址：http://aeo.customs.gov.tw/aeo/HomeIndex.aspx。
美國在台協會，網址：http://www.ait.org.tw。
英國標準協，網址：http://www.bsigroup.com。
APEC CTTF/CTWG，網址: http://www.apec.org/Groups/SOM-Steering-Committee-on-Economic-and-Technical-Cooperation/Working-Groups/Counter-Terrorism.aspx。 |
| Description: | 博士
國立政治大學
外交學系
96253502 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0962535021 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | [外交學系] 學位論文
|
Files in This Item:
| File |
Description |
Size | Format | |
|---|
| 502101.pdf | | 17026Kb | Adobe PDF2 | 136 | View/Open |
|
All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.
|
