English  |  正體中文  |  简体中文  |  Post-Print筆數 : 27 |  Items with full text/Total items : 111300/142216 (78%)
Visitors : 48316447      Online Users : 413
RC Version 6.0 © Powered By DSPACE, MIT. Enhanced by NTU Library IR team.
Scope Tips:
  • please add "double quotation mark" for query phrases to get precise results
  • please goto advance search for comprehansive author search
  • Adv. Search
    HomeLoginUploadHelpAboutAdminister Goto mobile version
    Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/101243


    Title: 創業家挫折學習之歷程與歸因探討
    Learning from Frustration: Entrepreneurial Process and Attribution
    Authors: 王宣閎
    Contributors: 鄭至甫
    王宣閎
    Keywords: 失敗學習
    歸因理論
    反思
    控制錯覺
    learning from failure
    attribution theory
    reflection
    illusion of control
    Date: 2016
    Issue Date: 2016-09-02 01:30:27 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 台灣向來展現中小企業旺盛的生命力,近年來國際性評比的報告中指出台灣的經商環境與創業精神皆名列世界前茅,然而失敗是創業活動不可避免的一環,愛迪生曾說過:失敗也是我需要的,它與成功對我一樣有價值。既然人們說失敗為成功之母,創業家實際面對時是否能相信失敗具有價值?向失敗學習日趨重要,市面上亦增加許多向失敗學習以取代傳統成功典範的科普書籍,畢竟成功無法複製,卻能以失敗借鏡。從失敗的經驗累積未來進取成功的機會。本研究以曾有失敗或挫折經驗的創業家作為訪談對象,以深度訪談的方式,了解創業家失敗或挫折過後,針對前次經驗作內外部歸因的分析,進而讓創業家執行行為修正。

      經過深度訪談與資料分析,本研究得出以下三點結論:(1) 面對原來的挫折時,所啟動的「敗因歸納-學習-反思與行為改變」歷程有下列影響:( i ) 內外部歸因前次的挫折,使創業家得到經驗學習的對象,進行反思。( ii ) 以前次的挫折為基礎,修正自我的行為,改變成不再犯同樣錯誤的。( iii ) 歷程過後,反思後得到內化後的能力將成為面對下次創業的依據之一。(2) 歷程中的行為改變可能引發控制錯覺,而成為下一次創業的失敗原因之一:當創業家在「敗因歸納-學習-反思與行為改變」歷程時,將針對前次挫折經驗視為學習與修正自我的對象,正因為創業家專注在解決與修正前一次的行為,使得歷程中的行為改變中,隱藏了下一次創業活動的行為盲點,而成為了當下檢討歷程的控制錯覺之一。(3)研究發現內外部的歸因與內外部資源有關聯:歷程中將內外部歸因以表格式的分類與分析,將敗因學習與行為修正所得到的回饋,轉而成為創業家實際的自我價值與資源。
     Small and medium enterprises in Taiwan have shown people their great vitality. Recently, the international business reports pointed that the entrepreneurial environment in Taiwan and Taiwanese entrepreneurship are almost on the top world. However, it is unavoidable to make mistakes when people stay in entrepreneurial process. There is a quotes spoken by Thomas A. Edison, “Negative results are just what I want. They`re just as valuable to me as positive results.” People say that failure is the mother of success whether can entrepreneur really treat failure as a valuable experience?
      
      It has been more and more important to learn from failure. We can easily find lots of books talking about this topic. After all, success can’t be copied but people can be able to learn from failure. People can accumulate experiences from failure and make themselves to be success. This research examines how entrepreneurs do with reflection after being failure. Through interviewing 5 entrepreneurs who had been suffered from failure or frustrated experiences, researcher tried to understand the relationships between those experiences and entrepreneur’s behaviors by attribution theory.Through in-depth interviews and data analysis, there are three main findings. First, the process in “attribute frustration - learning from failure - reflection and behavior adjustment” has 3 significant impacts on the behavior of previous setbacks which help entrepreneur achieve. Second, the behavior adjustment in the process may trigger the illusion of control, which may become one of the failure reasons for the next entrepreneurship. Last, according to the research, the dimensions of attribution and the dimensions of entrepreneur’s resources have connection.
    Reference: 中文參考文獻:

    Birkinshaw & Haas (2016)。提升你的失敗回報率。哈佛商業評論。2016年05月03日,取自:http://www.hbrchina.org/2016-05-03/4061.html
    Dewey (1992),《Experience and Education經驗與教育》(姜文閔譯), 台北市:五南。
    Paul J. H. Schoemaker (2014)。《聰明犯錯》(Brilliant Mistakes),第二章。iThome。2014年05月09日,取自: http://www.ithome.com.tw/article/87400
    Zeichner, K. M., & Liston, D. P. (2008). 《反思教學導論》(許健將譯)。台北市:心理出版社。
    周育叡 (2012)。創業家的失敗學習-經驗釋義與「韌力-學習」模型之建構。國立中正大學企業管理研究所博士論文,嘉義市。
    陳悅琴、蔡明宏與林明杰 (2006)。驅動創業家東山再起之因素探討。創業管理研究第一卷第一期,頁45-74。
    陳悅琴、蔡明宏與林明杰 (2010)。創業家失敗經驗對東山再起事業經營之影響研究:以意會活動觀點探討。管理學報,民99年,27卷,6期,571-601。
    連雅慧、艾昌瑞與周育叡 (2012)。回復力觀點探討創業家的失敗學習。社會服務與休閒產業研究第一期,頁1-16。
    傅朝淵 (2014)。大學生創業失敗學習動力因素分析。China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House。
    盧俊宏(1994)。運動心理學,臺北市:師大書苑。
    台灣綜合研究院 (2006)。中小企業基本知識,台北市,取自:
       http://www.tri.org.tw/ceo/ 
    中小企業白皮書 (2015)。經濟部中小企業處,台北市,取自:
       http://ppt.cc/Hgb9I (縮網址格式)
    世界銀行經商環境報告 (2016)。經商環境改革(EoDB)-世界銀行經商環境報告,取自:
       http://theme.ndc.gov.tw/eodb/Content_List.aspx?n=876F7BD09247FFDD
    劉克璋 (2015)。景氣寒冬創業人口變少了,大者恆大效應影響,新設企業減近5%。蘋果日報。2015年09月27日,取自:
    Http://www.appledaily.com.tw/appledaily/article/finance/20150927/36801740/
    全球創業精神發展機構 (2016)。全球創業指數:台灣名列亞洲第一、全球第八,領先瑞士與新加坡。蘋果日報。2015年01月20日,取自:
       http://www.bnext.com.tw/article/view/id/35058
    林曉琪 (2007)。創業家自我效能、社會資本、與機會辨識對東山再起之影響。朝陽科技大學企管所碩士論文,台中市。
    楊少強 (2011)。開失業派對,向滑鐵盧經驗致敬。商業周刊第1248期。2011年10月20日,取自:http://www.businessweekly.com.tw/KArticle.aspx?id=44832
    王居卿與陳麗華 (2006)。組織創業精神及創業機會辨識模式對創業結果影響之研究。2006第 10 屆科際整合管理研討會,頁630-651。
    林晉寬與陳和賢 (2006)。客家創業楷模之創業歷程研究,行政院客家委員會獎助客家學術研究計畫,屏東縣。
    羅宗敏、潘慧慈與賴杉桂 (2014)。創業家先驗知識與自我監控對創業機會辨識的影響:用心的調節效用,育達科大學報第38期2014年08月,頁
       169-198。
    陳欣蘭 (2006)。從諾爾斯的自我導向學習看成人學習者在創意教學中的學習成效之個案研究,明新學報 32 期,頁51-63。
    莊敦閔 (2009)。從學習型組織、文化與領導,探討個人學習與組織訓練對績效、競爭力之影響。政治大學心理學研究所碩士論文,台北市。
    蕭錫錡、陳聰浪(1996),自我導向學習在教師專業發展上之應用,成人教育,第34期,頁32-37。
    張春興 (1994)。《教育心理學-三化取向的理論與實踐》。台北:東華書局。
    謝智謀、吳崇旗與謝宜蓉(2007)。體驗學習融入休閒教育課程之實施成效研究。運動休閒餐旅研究,2(4),頁39-50。
    謝智謀 (2003)。另類學習方式─體驗教育,教師天地,127期,頁6-13。
    蔡居澤 (2003)。戶外教育的通用教學模式:經驗學習圈。教師天地,127期,頁23-27。
    徐茂練 (2007)。企業家之特質與認知,2007創業教育學術研討會。
    徐茂練與施慧玲(2007)。企業創新系統之研究--以P&G為例。朝陽商管評論,特刊,頁47-78。
    熊川武(1999)。《反思性教學》。上海市:華東師範大學出版社。
    駱怡君與許健將 (2010)。反省性思考在教師班級經營上之運用。耕莘健康管理專科學校智庫,教育科學期刊 9(1)
    吳佩陵與陳木金 (2007)。反思學習法在領導人才培訓的應用,「反思學習法在領導人才培訓」研討會手冊pp. 1-14
    向海英(2001)。成就動機的歸因理論與教學改革。山東師大學報。
    饒見維 (1996)。《教師專業發展理論與實務》。台北市:五南出版社。
    陳靜文 (2004)。台北市國民小學初任教師教學省思與教學效能關係之研究。台北市立師範學院課程與教學研究所碩士論文,台北市。
    張文龍、馬珂與陳思婷 (2013)。創業訓練與創業績效關聯性之研究:機會辨識與先驗知識所扮演的角色。商略學報,2013年第五卷,第二期,pp.117-135。
    郭敏華 (2008)。《行為財務學:當財務學遇上心理學》,台北:智勝出版。
    吳政瑩 (2011)。網路口碑文之認知失調與信任。國立中山大學傳播管理研究所論文,高雄市。
    蘇馨容 (2011)。幼稚園組織學習、教師效能感與家長參與之研究。國立政治大學幼兒教育所論文,台北市。
    彭月茵、詹雨臻、葉玉珠與葉碧玲(2009)。「青少年復原力量表」之發展。測驗學刊,56(4),491-518。
    葉至誠與葉立誠 (2011)。《研究方法與論文寫作》,台北:商鼎出版。
    黃光玉、 劉念夏與陳清文譯 (2004)。《媒介與傳播研究方法:質化與量化研究途徑》,台北:風雲論壇。
    盧綵蓉 (2011)。正向心理團體對挫折大學生正向情緒及挫折復原力輔導效果之研究。國立高雄師範大學輔導與諮商研究所,高雄市。
    吳凱琳 (2004)。你具備挫折復原力嗎。快樂工作人雜誌,42,88-93。2010 年5月 22日,取自:  http://www.cheers.com.tw/doc/page.jspx?id=402881e8134e403a01134e493a0a0876

    英文參考文獻:
    Albaum, G. & Peterson, R.A., (1984). Empirical Research in International Marketing: 1976–1982.Journal of International Business Studies,15(1), 161-163.

    Baron, R. A, & Shane S .A., (2007). Entrepreneurship: A Process Perspective(2nd ed). Mason, Ohio: Thomson South-Western.

    Baron, R.A. & Ensley, M.D., (2006). Opportunity Recognition as the Detection of Meaningful Patterns: Evidence from Comparisons of Novice and Experienced Entrepreneurs. Management Science , 52(9), 1331 - 1344.

    Baron R.A. & Henry R.A., (2010).How Entrepreneurs Acquire the Capacity to Excel:Insights from Research on Expert Performance.Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 4 (1) , 49–65.

    Budescu, D. V., & Bruderman, M. (1995). The relationship Between the Illusion of Control and Desirability bias. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 8(2),
    109-125

    Cowley, E., Farrell, C., & Edwardson, M. (2006).Strategy to Improve the probability of Winning a Lottery: Gamblers and Their Illusions of Control. Advances in
    Consumer Research - European Conference Proceedings, 7, 597-601.

    Cardon, M. S., Stevens, C. E., & Potter, D. R. (2011). Misfortunes or Mistakes?
    Culture Sense Making of Entrepreneurial Failure. Journal of Business Venturing, 26(1), 79-92.

    Dewey, J. (1938). Experience and Education. New York: Collier Books.

    Dweck, C. S. and Leggett. E., L., (1988). A Social Cognitive Approach to Motivation and Personality, Psychological Review, 95 (2), 256-273.

    Fellner, G. (2009). Illusion of Control as A Source of Poor Diversification: Experimental evidence. Journal of Behavioral Finance, 10(1), 55-67

    Frédéric , M., Valérie, F., Bernard, G., & Gaëlle ,V. (2010). Reports of Wins and Risk Taking: An Investigation of the Mediating Effect of the Illusion of Control. Journal of Gambling Studies, Retrieved November 19, 2010, from http://www.springerlink.com.ezproxy.lib.nsysu.edu.tw:8080/content/j12455345hx655v6/

    Gaglio, C. M. and Katz J.A. (2001) .The Psychological Basis of Opportunity Identification: Entrepreneurial Alertness. Small Business Economics, 16(2),93-111.

    Jarvis, P. Holford, J & Griffin, C. (1998). The Theory and Practice of Learning. London: Kogan Page.

    Kolb, D. A. (1984). Experimental Learning: Experience as the Source of Learning and Development. Enlewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

    Lucas E. Robert, Jr. (1980). Method and Problems in Business Cycle Theory.Journal of Monetary, Credit and Banking, 12(4), 696-715.

    Minniti, M. & Bygrave, W. (2001). A Dynamic Model of Entrepreneurial Learning Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,. 25(3), 5-16.

    Malcolm, S. K., Elwood, F. H., & Richard, A. S. (2004). The Adult Learner: the definitive classic in adult education and human resource development, 6th.

    McGrath, G. R.. 1999. Falling Forward: Real Options Reasoning and Entrepreneurial Failure, Academy of Management Review, 24( 1), 13-30.

    Pretorius, M., & Le Roux, I. (2011). Successive failure, repeat entrepreneurship and no learning: A case study. SA Journal of Human Resource Managemen, 9(1), 217 -229.

    Osterman, K. F. & Kottkamp, R. B. (1993). Reflective Practice for Educators:Improving Through Professional Development. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.

    Petterson, Rein. (1988). Understanding and Encouraging Entrepreneurship Internationally. Journal of Small Business Management, 26(2), 1-7.

    Rogers, C. R. (1969) Freedom to Learn: A View of What Education Might Become.Columbus, OH: Merrill.

    Shepherd, D.A. (2003), Learning from Business Failure: Propositions About the Grief Recovery Process for the Self-employed. Academy of Management Review,28(2), 318-329.

    Stevenson, C., & Jarillo, J. (1990). A Paradigm of Entrepreneurship.Strategic Management Journal , 11(5),17-27.

    Sitkin, S. B. & Pablo, A. L. (1992). Reconceptualizing the determinants of risk
    behavior. Academy of Management Review, 17 (1), 9-38.

    Schön, D. A. (1987). Educating the Reflective Practitioner. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.

    Schön, D.A., (1983). The Reflective Practitioner. How Professionals Think in Action. Basic Books: New York.

    Shane, S. (2000). Prior Knowledge and the Discovery of Entrepreneurship opportunities. Organization Science, 11(4), 448-469.

    Timmons J. A., (1990). New Business Opportunities: Getting to the Right Place at the Right Time Action . MA: Brick House Publishing Co.

    Tough, A. M. (1989). Self-directed learning: Concepts and practice. In C. J. Titmus (Ed.). Lifelong education for adults-An international handbook. 256-260.New: Pergamon Press.

    Weiner, B. (1974). Achievement Motivation and Attribution Theory. Morristown.
    N. J.: General Learning Press.
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    科技管理與智慧財產研究所
    102364125
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1023641251
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[科技管理與智慧財產研究所] 學位論文

    Files in This Item:

    File SizeFormat
    125101.pdf1565KbAdobe PDF2532View/Open


    All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.


    社群 sharing

    著作權政策宣告 Copyright Announcement
    1.本網站之數位內容為國立政治大學所收錄之機構典藏,無償提供學術研究與公眾教育等公益性使用,惟仍請適度,合理使用本網站之內容,以尊重著作權人之權益。商業上之利用,則請先取得著作權人之授權。
    The digital content of this website is part of National Chengchi University Institutional Repository. It provides free access to academic research and public education for non-commercial use. Please utilize it in a proper and reasonable manner and respect the rights of copyright owners. For commercial use, please obtain authorization from the copyright owner in advance.

    2.本網站之製作,已盡力防止侵害著作權人之權益,如仍發現本網站之數位內容有侵害著作權人權益情事者,請權利人通知本網站維護人員(nccur@nccu.edu.tw),維護人員將立即採取移除該數位著作等補救措施。
    NCCU Institutional Repository is made to protect the interests of copyright owners. If you believe that any material on the website infringes copyright, please contact our staff(nccur@nccu.edu.tw). We will remove the work from the repository and investigate your claim.
    DSpace Software Copyright © 2002-2004  MIT &  Hewlett-Packard  /   Enhanced by   NTU Library IR team Copyright ©   - Feedback