政大機構典藏-National Chengchi University Institutional Repository(NCCUR):Item 140.119/102406
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    政大典藏 > Journal of NCCU > Issue 44 > Journal Article >  Item 140.119/102406
    Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/102406


    Title: 北元與明的朝貢貿易關係(一三六八-一四六四)
    Other Titles: The Tribute and Trade Relations between Be-Yuan and Ming(1368-1464)
    Authors: 鍾雲校
    Chung, Yun-Syau
    Contributors: 社會學系
    Date: 1981-12
    Issue Date: 2016-09-30 11:35:48 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 北元與明朝貢貿易之涵意是多方面的,包括商業、軍事、政治、藝術、心理等。塞外與天地為伍的生活固然豪邁雄健亦十分艱辛,亟須由南方中原地區補給五穀、絲織品等民生物品,北元要正當地得到它們,即必須接受朝貢制度。雖云朝貢,明廷給予使者之賞賜,送迎、招待費用支出相當龐大,但因此得以滿足「普天之下,莫非王土;率土之濱,莫非王臣。」 (孟子)的榮譽感。北元朝貢使節團,實質上也是貿易使節團,他們除將貢品贈予朝廷,還帶其他貨物在北京或邊區售賣。他們的朝貢通常可以得到明慷慨大方的賞賜,如此構成了一種交換貿易的形式。使者在朝貢貿易中扮演很重要的角色。明使負有宣諭、安撫的黃任,經常帶著皇帝送可汗的禮物──高級絲織品、書籍、樂器、首飾等至蒙古,其是否盡職,間接關係北元與明的和戰。北元使者自蒙古攜帶勅書及牲畜,每隔一段時間即經過大同或宣府至北京朝貢。明為了睞遠,在北京設立了一個堂皇舒適的使節免費招待所──會同館,安排使者的生活、儀節。一次次優渥的收獲,使北元使者樂此不疲,人數愈來愈多,英宗正統年間,明廷突然削減許多來使名額,遭致經常往來此道的北元使者不滿,直接引發後來的土木堡之變。
    Relation: 國立政治大學學報, 44, 97-121
    Data Type: article
    Appears in Collections:[Issue 44] Journal Article

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