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    Title: 美國多國籍企業對拉丁美洲國家的干預行動
    Authors: 李慧中
    Contributors: 蔡政文
    李慧中
    Date: 1984
    Issue Date: 2016-11-08 16:30:10 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 論文提要
    二次大戰後，美國多國籍企業以其雄厚的資金，優越的技術，及超越國界的能力，成為國際政治經濟舞台上一個重要的行為者，尤其是在第三世界國家的投資經營，更對地主國的經濟、政治產生影響。本文即以國際壓力團體的概念，分析美國多國籍企業對拉丁美洲國家政治、經濟上的干預行動，全文共分七章，約七萬餘字：
    第一章導論，說明本文研究目的與分析概念。
    第二章美國多國籍企業干預能力的基礎，分析美國多國籍企業之所以能對拉丁美洲國家進行各種干預行動，乃因其本身有雄厚的權力資源，及美國政府的支持。再加上拉丁美洲國家本身能力的低落，更使得美國多國籍企業易於採行各種干預行動。
    第三章美國多國籍企業的經濟干預，探討美國多國籍企業如何以資金與技術移轉的控制，達成企業全球性發展的目標，及其對地主國國際收支的影響。
    第四章美國多國籍企業的政治干預，分析美國多國籍企業採取政治干預行動的動機與目標，及其如何以各種賄賂、游說、顛覆等直接間接干預手段，影響地主國的決策，以維護並擴張企業的利益。
    第五章拉丁美洲國家的反擊，拉丁美洲國家對於美國多國籍企業的不利影響，也採取各種反擊與預防措施，最激烈的就是國有化政策，並且在國內制定各種法律規章，規律美國多國籍企業的活動，預防其在重要產業形成寡占地位，在國際上也組成安地斯共同市場與生產者卡特爾共同對抗多國籍企業。
    第六章則對美國多國籍企業的干預行動加以評估，分析影響其干預行動的成功因素，並探討其是否為帝國主義的工具，及國際上對於多國籍企業地位的看法。
    第七章結論
    第一章 導論1
    第二章 美國多國籍企業干預能力的基礎11
    第一節 美國多國籍企業的內在行動力量11
    第二節 母國政府的支持21
    第三節 地主國國家能力的低落26
    第三章 美國多國籍企業的經濟干預37
    第一節 資本的控制37
    第二節 國際收支的影響40
    第三節 技術移轉的控制47
    第四章 美國多國籍企業的政治干預63
    第一節 美國多國籍企業的直接干預行動64
    第二節 美國多國籍企業的間接干預行動74
    第五章 拉丁美洲國家的反擊89
    第一節 國有化政策90
    第二節 國內的政治控制96
    第三節 安地斯共同市場與生產者卡特爾102
    第六章 美國多國籍企業干預行動的評估121
    第一節 影響美國多國籍企業干預行動的成功因素121
    第二節 美國多國籍企業與帝國主義127
    第三節 多國籍企業與新國際經濟秩序133
    第七章 結論145
    參考書目152

    附表目錄
    表一～一 美國多國籍企業在拉丁美洲的投資額4
    表二～一 拉丁美洲國家國民生產毛額與美國多國籍企業銷售金額比較（一九七九年）13
    表二～二 近二年來美國多國籍企業的資產與淨收益15
    表二～三 一八七家美國多國籍企業在世界各國的子公司數（一九○一至一九六七）20
    表三～一 技術合約的出口限制：安地斯國家43
    表五～一 拉丁美洲國家國有化美國多國籍企業92-1
    Reference: 甲、中文書目：
    (1)李逸洋，石油多國公司與國際政治，台北：台灣大學政治研究所碩士論文，民國六十九年六月。
    (2)柯三吉，國家角色對所得分配的影響，台北：中央研究院三民主義研究所第三次社會指標研討論文，民國七十二年。
    (3)______，多國籍公司國際間技術移轉與國家角色，台北：中國政治學會七十二年年會學術研究討會，民國七十二年。
    (4)高朗，美屬多國公司與美國外交政策，台北：台灣大學政治研究所碩士論文，民國七十二年七月。
    (5)王泰允，多國性企業－經營策略與實例，台北：作者自印，民國七十年初版。
    (6)林錦勝，何清欽譯，美國人的挑戰，台北：協志工業叢書出版公司，民國六十七年六版。
    (7)蔡政文，核子時代國際關係的特質，台北：三民書局，民國六十七年，二版。
    (8)______，「國際壓力團體的概念架構－國際民間組織的研究取向」，政治學論集，台北：華岡出版有限公司，民國六十七年初版，頁五四七～五六七。
    (9)國際經濟月刊，「美國在拉丁美洲的投資問題」，國際經濟月刊，第二十七卷，第一期，頁一○○～一○七。
    (10)憲政思潮，「憲政動態」，憲政思潮，第五十一期，頁二二九～二三○。
    乙.英文書目
    一、文件
    (1) International Labour Office. The Impact of Multinational Enterprises on Employment and Training. Geneva: International Labour Office, 1976.
    (2)UN doc. ST/ECA/190. Multinational Corporation in World Development. N.Y.: United Nations, 1973.
    (3)UN doc. ST/ESA/6. The Impact of Multinational Corporations on Development and on International Relations. N.Y.: United Nations, 1974.
    (4)U.S. Congress, Senate, Committee on Foreign Relations. Multinational Corporations and United States
    Foreign Policy, Hearings. 94th Cong.1st Sess. 1975. Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1976.
    (5)United States Department of State. International Organizations. Washington D.C.: Department of State 1982.
    (6)The World Bank. World Development Report. N.Y.: Oxford University Press, 1980.
    二、書籍
    (1)Almond, G.A., and G.B. Powell, Jr. Comparative Politics: A Developmental Approach. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1966.
    (2)Backman, Jules, and Ernest Bloch(eds.). Multinational Corporations, Trade and the Dollar in the Seventies. N.Y.: New York University Press, 1974.
    (3)Barnet, Richard J., and Ronald E. Muller. Global Reach-the power of the Multinational Corporations. N.Y.: Simon and Schuster, 1974.
    (4)Bergsten, C. Fred, Thomas Horst, and Theodore H. Moran. American Multinationals and American Interests. Washington D. C.: Brookings Institution, 1978.
    (5)Bhagwati, Jagdish N. (ed.). The New International Economic Order: The North-South Debate. Cambridge: the MIT Press, 1977.
    (6)Blake, David H., and Robert S. Walters. The Politics of Global Economic Relations. N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1976.
    (7)Chilcote, Ronald H. Theories of Comparative Politics: the Search for a Paradigm. Colorado: Westview Press, 1981.
    (8)Clements, Kevin P. From Right to Left in Development theory. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1980.
    (9)Cohen, Benjamin J. The Question of Imperialism. N.Y.: Basic Books, 1973.
    (10)Evans, Peter. Dependent Development. N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1979.
    (11)Feld, Werner J. Multinational Corporation and U. N. Politics: the Quest for codes of Conduct. N.Y.: Pergamon Press, 1980.
    (12)Frand, Isaiah. Foreign Enterprise in Developing Countries. Baltimore: the Johns Hopkins University Press, 1980.
    (13)Gilpin, Robert. U.S. Power and the Multinational Corporation . N.Y.: Basic Books, 1975.
    (14)Gunnemann, Jon P. (ed.). The Nation-State and Transnational Corporation in Conflict: With Special Reference to Latin America. N.Y.: Praeger Publishers, 1975.
    (15)Kindleberger, Charles P. Power and Money: The Politics of International Economics and Economics of International Politics. N.Y.: Basic Books, 1970.
    (16)Krueger, Robert B. The United States and International Oil: A Report for the Federal Energy Administration on U.S. Firms & Government Policy. N.Y.: Praeger Publishers, 1975.
    (17)Laszlo, Ervin et al. The Obstacles to the New International Economic Order. N.Y.: Pergarnon Press, 1980.
    (18)Madden, Carl H.(ed.). The Case for the Multinational Corporation. N.Y.: Praeger, 1977.
    (19)Mansbach, Richard W., Yale H. Ferguson, and Donald E. Lampert. The Web of World Politics-Non State Actors in The Global System. N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1976.
    (20)Mikdashi, Zuhayr. The International Politics of Nataural Resources. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press, 1976.
    (21)Moran, Theodore H. Multinational Corporations and the Politics of Dependence: Copper in Chile. N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1974.
    (22)Negandhi, Anant R. (ed.). Functioning of the Multinational Corporation: A Global Comparative Study. N. Y.: Pergamon Press, 1980.
    (23)Odell, Peter R. Oil and World Power. England: Penguin Books, 1974.
    (24)Pinelo, Adalberto J. The Multinational Corporation as a force in Latin American Politics. N.Y.: Praeger Publishers, 1973.
    (25)Sampson, Anthony. The Seven Sister: The Great Oil company & The World They Made. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1975.
    (26)Sigmund, Paul E. Multinational in Latin America: The Politics of Nationalization. Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1980.
    (27) Simon, Denis. Taiwan, Technology Transfer and Transnationalism: The Political Management of Dependency. Ph.D. dissertation of University of California at Berkeley, 1980.
    (28) Spero, Joan Edelman. The Politics of International Economic Relations. N.Y.: St. Martin’s Press, 1977.
    (29) Stephan, Alfred. The State and Society: Peru in Comparative Perspective. N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1978.
    (30) Stewart, Frances. Technology and Underdevelopment. London: The MacMillan Press, 1978.
    (31)Thomas, D. Babatunde, and Miguel S. Wionczek(eds). Integration of Science and Technology with Development/ Caribbean and Latin American Problems in the Context of the United Nations Conference on Science and Technology for Development. N.Y.: Pergamon Press, 1979.
    (32) Turner, Louis. Multinational Companies and the Third World. N.Y.: Hilland Wang, 1973.
    (33) Vernon, Raymond. Storm over the Multinationals. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1977.
    (34)______.The Economic and Political Consequences of Multinational Enterprise: An Anthology. Boston: Harvard University Press, 1972.
    (35)______. Sovereignty At Bay. N.Y.: Basic Books, 1971.
    (36) Wattenberg, Ben J., and Richard J. Whalen. The Wealth Weapon: U.S. Foreign Policy and Multinational Corporations. N.J.: Transaction, 1980.
    (37)Wilkins, Mira. Maturing of Multinational Enterprise: American Business Abroad From 1914-1970. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1974.
    三、期刊、專論
    (1) Avery, William P., and James D. Cochrane. "Innovation In Latin American Regionalism: The Andean Common Market." International Organization 28:4 (Winter 1974), pp.181-223.
    (2) Bennett, Douglas C., and Kenneth E. Sharpe. "Agenda Setting and Bargaining Power: the Mexican State versus Transnational Automobile Corporations." World Politics 32:1 (October 1979), pp. 57-89.
    (3) Bergsten, C. Fred. "Coming Investment Wars?" Foreign Affairs 53:1 (October 1974), pp.135-152.
    (4) ______. "The Threat from the Third World."Foreign Policy 11 (Summer 1973 ), pp.102-124.
    (5) Cohen, Robert, and Jeffry Frieded. "The Impact of Multinational Corporations." in Edwin P. Reubens(ed.). The Challenge of New International Economic Order. Colorado: Westview Press, 1981, pp.160-175.
    (6) Constantino, Renato. "Global Enterprises and the Transfer of Technology." Journal of Contemporary Asia 7:1 (1977), pp.45-60.
    (7) Coronil, Fernando and Julie Skursk. "Reproducing Dependency: Auto Industry Policy and Petrodollar Circulation in Venezuela." International Organization 36:1 (Winter 1982), pp.61-94.
    (8) Das, Danjan. "Impact of Host Government Regulation on MNC operation: Learning from Third World Countries." Columbia Journal of World Business (Spring 1981), pp.81-97.
    (9) Driscoll, Robert E., and Harvey W. Wallender III. "Control and Incentives for Technology: A Multinational-Perspective." Tagi Sagafi-nejad, Richard W. Moxon, and Howard V. Perlmutter(eds.). the Controlling International Technology Transfer: Issues, Perspectives, and Policy Implication. N.Y.: Pergarnon Press, 1981, pp. 272-286.
    (10)Drucker, Peter F. "Multinationals and Developing Countries: Myths and Realities." Foreign Affairs 53:1 (October 1974), pp.121-134.
    (11)Fagen, Richard R. "The United States and Chile: Roots & Branches." Foreign Affairs 53:2 (July 1974), pp.297-313.
    (12)Galtung, Johan. "A Structural Theory of Imperialism." G. Modelski (ed.). Transnational Corporation and World Order. San Francisco: W.H. Freman and Company, 1979, pp.155-172.
    (13)Gilpin, Robert. "The Political Economy of the Multinational Corporation: Three Contrasting Perspectives." APSR 70:1 (March 1976), pp.184-191.
    (14)Graham, Anila. "The Transfer of Technology: A Test Case in the North-South Dialogue." Journal of International Affairs 33:1(Spring/Summer 1979), pp.1-23.
    (15)Landsberg, Martin. "Export-Led Industrialization in the Third World: Manufacturing Imperialism." The Review of Radical Political Economics 11:4 (Winter 1979), pp.50-63.
    (16)Lowenthal, Abraham F. "The United States and Latin America: Ending Hegemonic Presumption." Foreign Affairs 55:1(October 1976), pp.197-213.
    (17)Mihaly, Eugene B. "The Multinational Corporation and Its Political Enviroment: Change and Survial." S. Prakosh Sethi & Richard H. Holton (eds.) .Management of the Multinationals. N.Y.: the Free Press, 1974, pp.27-37.
    (18)Morewetz, D. "Employment Implications of Industrialization in Developing Countries: A survey." Economic Journal (September 1974), pp.491-554.
    (19) Moran, Theodore H. "Multinational Corporations and Dependency: A Dialogue for Dependentistas and Non-dependentistas." International Organization 32:1 (Winter 1978) , pp.79-100.
    (20)Muller, Ronald. “ Poverty is the Product.” Foreign Policy 13 (Winter 1973-1974), pp.71-103.
    (21) ________ . "The Multinational Corporation and the Exercise of Power: Latin America."Abdul A. Said, & Luiz R. Simmon(eds.). The New Sovereigns: Multinational Corporations As World Power. N.J.: Prentice Hall, 1975, pp.55-67.
    (22) Niedergang, Marcel. "Revolutionary Nationalism In Peru." Foreign Affairs 49:3(April 1971), pp.454-463.
    (23) Nye, Joseph S., Jr. "Multinational Corporations In World Politics." Foreign Affairs 53:1 (October 1974) pp. 153-175.
    (24) Nye, Joseph S., Jr., and Robert O. Keohane. "Transnational Relations and World Politics." International Organization 25:3 (Summer 1971), pp.329-349.
    (25) Oliver, Covey T. "The Andean Foreign Investment Code: A New Phase in the Quest for Normative Order as to Direct Foreign Investment." American Journal of International Law 66 (1972), pp.763-784.
    (26) Rive, John P. “The Multinational Corporation in The LDC: Is there Room for a Broker?" S. Parkash Sethi, and Richard H. Holton(eds.). Management of the Multinationals N.Y.: the Free Press, 1974, pp.38-46.
    (27) Root, Franklin R. "The Expropriation Experience of Companies." Business Horizons (April 1968), pp.199-213.
    (28) Rubin, Seymour J. "Developments In the Law and Institutions of International Economic Relations." The American Journal of International Law 68:3, pp.475-488.
    (29) Said, Abdul A., and Luiz R. Simmons. "The Politics of Transition.” Abdual A. Said, and Luiz R. Simmons(eds.) . The New Sovereigns: Multinational Corporations As World Powers. N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1975, pp.1-29.
    (30) Salehizadeh, Mehdi. "Multinational Companies and Developing Countries: A New Relationship." Third World Quarterly 5:1 (January 1983), PP.128-137.
    (31) Sauvant, Karl P. "Controlling Transnational Enterprises: A Review and Some Futher Thoughts." Karl P.
    (32) Sauvant, and Hajo Hasenpflug(eds).The New International Economic Order. Colorado: Westview Press, 1977, pp.356-434.
    (33) Staley, Eugene. "Conditions Under Which Investment Are Most Frequently Involved in Political Friction." George Modelski (ed.). Transnational Corporations and World Order. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman and Company, 1979, pp.187-204.
    (34)Sunkel, Osvaldo. "Big Business and ‘Dependencia’: Latin American View." Foreign Affairs 50:3 (April 1972), pp.517-531.
    (35) UNCTAD. "The Element of the New International Economic Order." Karl P. Sauvant, and Hajo Hasenpflug (eds.). The New International Economic Order. Colorado: Westview Press, 1977, PP.39-62.
    (36) United States Senate. "The International Telephone and Telegraph Company and Chile, 1970-1971." George Modeiski (ed.). Transnational Corporations and World Order. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman and Company, 1979, pp. 226-244.
    (37) Vernon, Raymond. "Sovereignty At Bay Ten Years After." International Organization 35:3 (summer 1981), pp.517-529.
    (38) ______. "The Product Cycle Model." George Modelski (ed.). Transnational Corporations and World Order. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman and Company, 1979, pp.108-117.
    (39)Wang, N.T. "The International Community and Transnational Corporations. Karl P. Sauvant and Farid G. Lazipour (eds). Controlling Multinational Enterprises: Problems, Strategies, Counterstrategies. Colorado: Westview Press, 1976, pp.215-242.
    (40) Wells, Louis T., Jr. "The Multinational Business Enterprises: What Kind of International Organization?" Foreign Affairs 25:3 (Summer 1973), PP.447-464.
    Relation: 國立政治大學
    政治研究所
    碩士
    72
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[Department of Political Science] Theses

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