Loading...
|
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/108145
|
| Title: | 現代日本老人住宅產業營運模式之研究
A study of business model analysis on today`s Japanese elderly housing industry |
| Authors: | 樂野鷹輝
Rakuno, Takaki |
| Contributors: | 林月雲
Yeh-Yun Carol Lin
樂野鷹輝
Takaki Rakuno |
| Keywords: | 老人住宅
經營模式分析
銀髮族產業
企業管理
產業分析
日本
Japan
Elderly housing
Business model analysis
Osterwalder
Industry analysis
SWOT analysis
Management |
| Date: | 2017 |
| Issue Date: | 2017-04-05 15:42:40 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 日本是世界上屈指可數的長壽國，面對快速老化、少子化與人口減少的國家。日本政府為解決急速高齡化趨勢下所衍生之老人長期照護問題而推動居家照護的政策。
結果日本的老人公寓產業急速成長，但有些企業成功，有些企業失敗。
下列是本研究的目的：
瞭解現代日本老人公寓企業的商業模式如何創造高齡者的價值。
分析產業環境因素如何影響企業的經營。
企業的資源如何建立它的競爭優勢。
The aging of Japan outweighs all other nations, as the country is purported to have the highest proportion of elderly citizens resulting from increase of life expectancy due to improvements in medicines and nutrition coinciding with rapid population growth after the World War II. The growing share of elderly people coinciding with changes of family structure and function, people’s lifestyle, fertility rate, and economic as well as sociocultural factors have resulted in a sharp decrease of the traditional three generation households in the last few decades. Nation’s rapid declines in mortality and fertility result in increasing public expenditure for public social welfare while decreasing tax revenue paid by working population. As a result, Japanese social welfare system needs to be restructured, and some social welfare programs need to be outsourced to external business entities to correspond to the nation’s super aging society.
In the past, Japanese institutional long-term care facilities largely served for either low-income class people or upper-income class people, and majority number of middle-income class elderly citizens had stayed at home and received family’s living supports. However, large number of today’s and future Japanese middle-income class elderly people are required to live on their own as a result of complex sociocultural factors, such as decrease number of family care taker and changing attitude toward taking care of older parents. Besides, elderly abuse problem, forced healthcare treatments, socially abandoned elderly, and fraud and dispute by elderly care service providers have been major social problems in long-term care service business industry.
In order to solve the stated problems, Japanese government restructured law and regulation standard for elderly housing business served mainly for middle-income class aged-citizens in 2011. In order to seize a great investment opportunity and public subsidies to operate business, numerous business entities from numerous types of industry have entered into the elderly housing industry.
In a short period of time since new system started, some companies gained success, while others faced problems and left the industry. This study analyzes the industry’s problems and characteristics as well as four case companies from the perspectives of business management theory. In this study, industry analysis model is based on Michael Porter’s five forces model, and case companies are analyzed using Alex Osterwalder’s business canvas model as well as Michael Porter’s SWOT analysis.
Based on the study, it is found that delivering right values to target customer groups and building key partnerships with local businesses are especially important factors to make company’s business model more effective for today’s Japanese elderly housing business. Unlike institutional care services provided for socially vulnerable groups in the past, the customer groups of elderly housing are middle-income class and have different demands toward residential services. Moreover, threat of new entrants of this industry becomes higher and industry competition is expected to be growing continuously. Besides, developing unique living support services and preventive care services can be major revenue streams of business as well as a strong competitive advantage over others. Therefore, developing services from customer’s perspective and making a long-lasting relationship become more important to operate residential service business for the elderly in today’s changing Japanese elderly customer’s demands and industry environment. |
| Reference: | References (English)
1. Afuah, A., & Tucci, C. L. (2001). Internet business models and strategies: text and cases. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
2. Amit, R., & Zott, C. (2001). Value creation in e-business. Strategic Management Journal, 22, 493–520.
3. Anetzberger, G. (2000). Caregiving: Primary cause of elder abuse? Generations, 24, 46–51.
4. Bateman, T. S. and Snell, S. A. (2004). Management. The new competitive landscape. Sixth edition. New York: McGraw-Hill
5. Brandenburg, A. and Nalebuff, B. J. (1995). “The Right Game: Use Game Theory to Shape Strategy,” Harvard Business Review 73, No. 4. Boston: Harvard Business School.
6. Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power in social Life, Wiley, New York
7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2014. “Elder Abuse: Definitions.” Accessed June 11, 2015 <http://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/elderabuse/definitions.html>.
8. Chesbrough, H., & Rosenbloom, R. S. (2002). The role of the business model in capturing value from innovation: Evidence from Xerox corporation’s technology spin-off companies. Industrial and Corporate Change, 11(3), 529.
9. Edwards, J. R. (1991). Person-job fit: A conceptual integration, literature on review and methodological critique. International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 6, 283-357
10. Hashimoto, Ryutaro (2011). General Principles Concerning Measures for the Aging Society. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan.
11. Hill, C. W. L and Jones, G. R. (2007). Strategic Management Theory: An integrated approach. Seventh edition. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company.
12. Hugh R. Leavell and E. Gurney Clark as "the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting physical and mental health and efficiency. Leavell, H. R., & Clark, E. G. (1979). Preventive Medicine for the Doctor in his Community (3rd ed.). Huntington, NY: Robert E. Krieger Publishing Company.
13. Johnson, M. W., Christensen, C. C., & Kagermann, H. 2008. Reinventing your business model. Harvard Business Review, 86(12): 50-59.
14. Magretta, E.F. (2002). “Why Business Model Matter,” Harvard Business Review, 80 (5), May, pp.86-92
15. Mansfield, G. M., & Fourie, L. C. H. 2004. Strategy and business models—strange bedfellows? A case for convergence and its evolution into strategic architecture. South African Journal of Business Management, 35(1): 35-44.
16. Mitchell, D., and Coles, C. (2003). ‘The ultimate competitive advantage of continuing business model innovation,’ Journal of Business Strategy, 24: 15–21.
17. Moriarty, R. T. (1983). Industrial Buying Behaviour: Concepts, issues and applications. Canada: Lexington Books.
18. Morris, M., Schindehutte, M., & Allen, J. 2005. The entrepreneur’s business model: Toward a unified perspective. Journal of Business Research, 58: 726-35.
19. Osterwalder, A & Pigneur, Y (2010). Business Model Generation: A Handbook for Visionaries, Game Changers, and Challengers. New Jersey: Willey
20. Pearce, J. A, II and Robinson, R. B. (1994). Formulation, implementation, and control of competitive strategy. Fifth edition. Boston: Irwin.
21. Porter, M. E. (1980). Competitive strategy: Techniques for analyzing industries and competitors. New York: Free Press.
22. Porter, M. E. (1985). Competitive Advantage. New York: The Free Press.
23. Riley, J. (2012). Porter’s Five Forces Model: analyzing industry structure. Retrieved June 14 2013 from http://www.tutor2u.net/business/strategy/porter_five_forces.htm.
24. Shibusawa Tazuko, et al (2005). “Interventions for elder abuse and neglect with frail elders in Japan”. Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention, 5(2), May 2005, pp.203-211
25. Teece, D. J (2010). “Business models, business strategy and innovation,” Long Range Planning , 43, pp. 172-194
26. Timmers, P. (1998). Business models for electronic markets. Electronic Markets, International Journal of Electronic Commerce & Business Media, 8(2), 3–8
27. Zott, C., & Amit, R. 2008. The fit between product market strategy and business model: Implications for firm performance. Strategic Management Journal, 29: 1-26.
28. World Health Organization (2016) “Mental health and older adults” http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs381/en/
29. Yamada, Masahiro (2012). "Japan`s Deepening Social Divides: Last Days for the "Parasite Singles"". Nippon.com.
References (Japanese)
1. Arioka, Jirou. (1992). Shakaitekinyuin no kaisohu ha ukezara ni genkai. Timely Journal, 30(8), Comprehensive Research Institute of Social Welfare, pp.4-6
2. Cabinet Office, Government of Japan. (2016). Heisei 28-nendoban koureishakaihakusho – Koureika no genjou to shouraizou- Retrieved from
http://www8.cao.go.jp/kourei/whitepaper/w-2014/zenbun/s1_1_1.html
3. Consumer Commission of Cabinet Office, Government of Japan. (2010). Yuryou roujin home no keiyaku nikansuru jittai chousa houkoku. Retrieved from
http://www.cao.go.jp/consumer/doc/101217_report_roujin_gaiyou.pdf
4. Deguchi, H. (2016). A Study on the Abuse of Elderly People in Nursing Homes : An Approach to Resolving Urgent and Irrevocably Damaging Cases. The Journal of Dokkyo University Research Center. Retrieved from
http://archives.bukkyo-u.ac.jp/rp-contents/DF/0044/DF00440L037.pdf
5. Fujino, Y. (2015). Mizuho Industry Report Vol.39 Koureisha muke shijou kurubeki 2025 nen ni mukete no torikumi ga motomerareru, Mizuho Corporate Bank Industry Research Department. p50-65
6. Hatano, T. (2004). Cost of Hospitalization for Non-medical Reasons. Japanese journal of health economics and policy, pp.23-35. Retrieved from
https://www.ihep.jp/publications/study/search.php?dl=80&i=3
7. Hayashi, J. (2011). Pro ga oshieru! Silver sedai ni erabareru sumaizukuri service tsuki koureizhu rakuraku kaisetsu unei no point, Medical Management Planning Group, Japan Medical Planning.
8. Hondou, K. (2000). Tokshu Taiin Chousei no system ka smooth na taiin wo habamu youin to sono taisaku, Kango tenbou, 25(3), pp.305-309
9. Ichimura, Kazunori, Ishi, Sahiro. (2003). Factors of a lengthy hospital stay of elderly patients in an orthopaedic ward, 54(3), . Nankodo, pp.339-342
10. Itou, Mariko. (2011). Koureisha fukushi seisaku no kenkyu – Kyoju mondai wo chushin tosite –. Reimei Shobo. pp.107-118.
11. Japanese Association of Retirement Housing. (2013). Heisei 24 nendo seidokaiseigo no yuryouroujinhome nikansuru jittaichousa oyobi keiyakunado nikansuru kenkyu houkokusho. pp.78-92. Retrieved from
http://www.yurokyo.or.jp/investigate/pdf/report_h24_01.pdf
12. Japanese Association of Retirement Housing. (2014). Heisei 25 nendo roujinhoken kenkou zoushin jigyou yuryou roujin home service tsuki koureisha muke jutaku nikansuru jittai chousa kenkyu. Retrieved from
http://www.yurokyo.or.jp/investigate/pdf/report_h26_01_03.pdf
13. Kiyohara, Akira. (2012). Type betsu service tsuki koureisha muke jutaku jigyoukashiryoushu. SOGO UNICOM Co.,ltd.
14. Kondou, K., Adachi, M. (1999). A Study of Factors Influencing Determination of Discharge Disposition of Stroke Rehabilitation Patients. Japanese journal of public health 46(7), pp542-550.
15. Koyama, Hideo. (1998). Kaigohoken to shakaiteki nyuin nitsuite, National health insurance, 12, Kokuho Chuokai, pp.2-5.
16. Kurata, Kazue. (1998). Zaitakukango Byouin kara zaitaku he taiin kaikaku wo kangaeru. Rinshou kango, 24(1), Health shuppan Co.Ltd. pp.88-95.
17. Okumura, Yoshiyuki., Katou, Tsutomu., Ikegami, Koushou,. Aoki, Takahiro. (1991).Roujinbyouin niokeru shakaiteki nyuin no genjou taiin wo sogai suru inshi nitsuite. The Medical Journal of Minami Osaka Hospital, 40(2/3), pp.162-165.
18. Long-term Care Insurance Planning Division. (2015). Koureseiroudoushou (Rouken-kyoku) no Torikumi nitsuite. pp.5 Retrieved from
http://www.mlit.go.jp/common/001083368.pdf
19. Medical Management Planning Group. (2011). “Puro ga Oshieru! Silver sedai ni erabareru sumaidukuri service tsuki koureizhu rakuraku kaisetsu Unei no point 12. Japan Medical Planning Co.Ltd.
20. MHLW. (2014). Tokubetsu yougoroujin home no nyushoshinsei moushikomisha no joukyou. Retrieved from
http://www.mhlw.go.jp/file/04-Houdouhappyou-12304250-Roukenkyoku-Koureishashienka/0000041929.pdf
21. MHLW. (2015). Heisei 26 nendoban Koureisha gyakutai taioujyoukyou tyousakekkagaiyou. pp.2-15 Retrieved from
http://www.mhlw.go.jp/file/04-Houdouhappyou-12304500-Roukenkyoku-Ninchishougyakutaiboushitaisakusuishinshitsu/0000111665.pdf
22. MHLW. (2016). Heisei 27 nend kaneki seimeihyou no gaikyou. Retrieved from http://www.mhlw.go.jp/toukei/saikin/hw/life/life15/index.html
23. MHLW. (2016). Heisei 26 nendo koureisha gyakutai boushi, koureisha no yougosha ni taisuru shiensha ni kansuru houritsu ni motoduku taioujoukyounado nikansuru chousa kekka. Retrieved from
http://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/houdou/0000111629.html
24. MILT. (2015). Kensetsugyou kyokagyoushasu chousa no kekka nitsuite (As the end of March 2014). Land Economy and Construction Industries Bureau of Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism. Retrieved from
http://www.mlit.go.jp/common/001042158.pdf
25. MLIT. (2016). Service tsuki koureisha muke juutaku no tourokujoukyou. Housing Bureau of Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism. Retrieved from
https://www.satsuki-jutaku.jp/doc/system_registration_01.pdf
26. MILT. (2016). Japan Statistical Yearbook. Chapter 2: Population and Households. Retrieved from
http://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/nenkan/1431-02.htm
27. Momino, K., Hasegawa, M., Hashimoto, M., Takemura, S., Gunji, A. (2000).Factors Influencing Family’s Intention to Shift Their Long-Stay Hospitalized Elderly to Home Care Setting」, Journal of the Japanese Society on Hospital Administration, 37(2), pp.105-113.
28. Moriyama, M., Iwamoto, S., Hobara, T., Koyama, H.(1994). Etiological Analyses of Long-term Hospitalization of Medically Unneedy Elderly Patients in Japan (Part 2): Focusing on communication deficiency among medical staff, family, and patients, Journal of the Japanese Society on Hospital Administration 32(1), pp.27-36.
29. National consumer affairs center of Japan. (2011). Yuryou roujin home wo maguru shouhisha trouble ga zouka. Retrieved from
http://www.kokusen.go.jp/pdf/n-20110330_1.pdf
30. Niki, R. (1985). Nihon no Iryouhi Kokusai hikaku no kakudo kara. Igaku shoin Ltd. pp.25-39.
31. Nikkei Healthcare. (2014). Service Tsuki Korei Sha Muke Jutaku Kanzen Guy Kaitei (Startup Series). Nikkei Business Publications, Inc.
32. Orix Living Company. (2010). Kaigo ni kansuru ishiki chousa. Retrieved from
https://www.orix.co.jp/grp/pdf/news/101101_LivingJ.pdf
33. Real Estate Companies Association of Japan. (2011). Koureijidai no jutaku no arikata ni kansuru houkokusho. Retrieved from
https://www.fdk.or.jp/f_suggestion/pdf/kourei_kenkyuu.pdf
34. Tadaura, H., Endou, S., Ogiwara, K. (2005). Taiin ga smooth ni ikazu choukinyuin tonaru kanja Kazoku to key person no keikou to haikei oyobi taiin sogai youin nitsuite, Miyagi University Nursing Review 8(1), pp.59-67
35. Takemoto, N. (2002). Kaigo Shisetsukan no houkatsuteki service teikyou (shisetsukan no renkei) nitsuite, The Journal of Japan Physicians Association, 17(2), pp.155-158.
36. Taketorige, T., Tatara, K., Kuroda, K., Nakanishi, N,. Nishigaki, C., Okamoto, E., Nishi, N., Nakagawa, Y., Nishi, N., Chou, L., Shinjou, F. (1990). Roujin no nyuin oyobi zaitaku care nikansuru youin ni kansuru kenkyu, Japanese journal of public health, 37(4), pp.255-262.
37. Tateishi, O., Nokimura, K., Honda, Y., Gotou, Y., Chen, K., Mochizuki, M., Nakayama, Y., Fujimura, H. (2000). Shakaiteki nyuin kanja taiin nikanshite no kaigo mondai. Houmon kaigo to kango 5(6), Igaku-Shoin Ltd. pp.496-499.
38. Tokuchi, K.,・Zenno, Y., Ota, T., Ueda, M.,Yoshioka, S., Tsukazaki, M., Tsusuguchi, Y. (2000).Koureisha no taiin wo sogaisuru kazoku no youin nikansuru kenkyu -kazoku(kaigosha) he no survery report yori, Kango tenbou 25(13), pp.1499-1504.
39. Taya, K. (2011). Nyukyo ichijikin wo meguru houritsujou no mondai seiri. Retrieved from http://www.tokuteikyo.jp/images/register/news0852_4.pdf
40. Yamaguchi, Y. (2012). Consideration about the state of an urgent unavoidable body restraint, and restricted abolition in the care spot: On a basis Personnel consciousness of A special elderly nursing home. Bulletin of the Graduate School,. Toyo University. pp.203 and 213.
41. Yuki, Y. (2011). Nihon no kaigo system Seisaku kettei katei to genba needs no bunseki. Iwanami Shoten. |
| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
企業管理學系
101355062 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0101355062 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | [企業管理學系] 學位論文
|
Files in This Item:
| File |
Size | Format | |
|---|
| 506201.pdf | 2991Kb | Adobe PDF2 | 320 | View/Open |
|
All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.
|
