| Abstract: | 近年來由於全球環境變遷、氣候異常現象日益顯著，降雨型態改變、極端集中，使得天然災害頻傳，而台灣水資源流域空間面對災害來臨(例如颱風侵襲引發洪災或土石流)之風險也大幅提升並面臨嚴重衝擊，如2009年的莫拉克颱風與2010年的凡那比颱風即造成重大災情，而莫拉克風災的經驗發現，因政府與民眾風險溝通不良而造成大規模損失。風險溝通是風險事件中常用於的交流途徑，可應用於災難預警到緊急應變之處理過程，也可應用於日常風險教育、促使應變行為改變及採取預防措施。然台灣目前災害風險溝通的知識缺乏，以致政府單位於災前防災教育宣導、災害時之疏散避難之決策指令、災後復原等作為，未能與居民建立有效之災害風險溝通機制與具體之防救災行動。此外，利害相關者參與流域治理與防洪計畫，已成為國際趨勢並推
行多年。利害相關者參與洪災管理，能使利害相關者共同分享需求與個別團體目標，以利於更充分瞭解資訊與價值，及共創可達成之社會目標。尤其是透過不同利害相關者的合作與協調，可降低流域環境脆弱度與提升回復力，及強化利害相關者互動關係與減少衝突。然而，我國對於位於流域之環境敏感地區的家戶與社區如何認知颱風所產生的災害風險，或政府採用之災害溝通策略與當地居民進行宣導是否有效，其溝通過程與災後重建行為與流域治理產生的影響等類似研究目前仍為稀少。因此，本研究第一年回顧國內外相關研究經驗與文獻，並進行高雄市大樹區、美濃區與屏東縣高樹鄉、里港鄉村里長訪談，確立本研究之於面臨水災之風險溝通之範疇，建立災害風險溝通理論架構，歸納風險認知、風險溝通參與機制，以及民眾採取調適行動等各面向影響因素。研究發現，社區風險溝通參與者主要有上級單位、里長、社區自主防災團隊、非營利組織、企業組織以及社區家戶，而過去災害經驗、風險認知及風險溝通參與機制等為家戶採取調適行為重要影響因素。
Risk communication is usually used for risk events, it can be applied in the process of disaster warning to emergency response and also in daily risk education to promote the change of adaptation behaviors and to take precautions. However, because we lack for knowledge of risk communication, the disaster education propagandas before disaster, evacuation decisions during disaster and recovery measures after disaster proposed by the government can’t establish effect disaster risk communication mechanisms with residents and stimulate specific disaster prevention and rescue actions. Besides, stakeholders participating in watershed governance and flood prevention plan have become the international trends and been practiced for many years. The participations of stakeholders in flood managements can help information and values to be more realized and create achievable social goals together. Moreover, we can reduce vulnerability, enhance resilience, reinforce interaction
between stakeholders and reduce conflicts through the cooperation between stakeholders. Nevertheless, in Taiwan there are few studies about how households and communities perceive flood disaster risks, the effectiveness of risk communication strategies or the process of risk communications in environmental sensitive area of watersheds. Therefore, this study collect literature and interview Village heads of Jiutang, Shejiao and Tai’an villages in Kaohsiung City and Jianxing and Zhonghe villages in Pingtung County. This study defined risk communication, establish the framework of disaster risk communication and generalized factors of taking adaptation behaviors. Though the interviews, this study found that the participants in community risk communication are higher
authorities, village head, community disaster prevention organizations, nonprofit organizations, enterprise
organizations. On the other hand, disaster experiences, risk perception and the participatory mechanism of risk
communication are crucial factors to take adaptation behaviors. |
