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    题名: 氣候變遷下流域空間颱洪災害調適與風險溝通之研究－以基隆河與高屏溪流域為例-子計畫:氣候變遷下流域空間災害調適與風險溝通之研究-以高屏溪流域家戶社區為例(II)
    作者: 白仁德
    贡献者: 地政系
    关键词: 風險溝通;風險認知;調適行為
    risk communication;risk cognition;adaptive behavior
    日期: 2016
    上传时间: 2017-05-17 10:56:20 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 近年來由於全球環境變遷、氣候異常現象日益顯著，降雨型態改變、極端集中，使得天然災害頻傳，而台灣水資源流域空間面對災害來臨(例如颱風侵襲引發洪災或土石流)之風險也大幅提升並面臨嚴重衝擊，如2009年的莫拉克颱風與2010年的凡那比颱風即造成重大災情，而莫拉克風災的經驗發現，因政府與民眾風險溝通不良而造成大規模損失。風險溝通是風險事件中常用於的交流途徑，可應用於災難預警到緊急應變之處理過程，也可應用於日常風險教育、促使應變行為改變及採取預防措施。然台灣目前災害風險溝通的知識缺乏，以致政府單位於災前防災教育宣導、災害時之疏散避難之決策指令、災後復原等作為，未能與居民建立有效之災害風險溝通機制與具體之防救災行動。此外，利害相關者參與流域治理與防洪計畫，已成為國際趨勢並推行多年。利害相關者參與洪災管理，能使利害相關者共同分享需求與個別團體目標，以利於更充分瞭解資訊與價值，及共創可達成之社會目標。尤其是透過不同利害相關者的合作與協調，可降低流域環境脆弱度與提升回復力，及強化利害相關者互動關係與減少衝突。然而，我國對於位於流域之環境敏感地區的家戶與社區如何認知颱風所產生的災害風險，或政府採用之災害溝通策略與當地居民進行宣導是否有效，其溝通過程與災後重建行為與流域治理產生的影響等類似研究目前仍為稀少。因此，本研究第一年回顧國內外相關研究經驗與文獻，並於高屏溪流域敏感地區之社區進行訪談，探討社區風險溝通操作機制與互動過程，確立本研究之於面臨水災之風險溝通之範疇，建立災害風險溝通理論架構，歸納風險認知、風險溝通參與機制，以及民眾採取調適行動等各面向影響因素。研究第二年進一步於針對水患自主防災社區發放問卷，以進行相關研究與資料蒐集，之後藉由多變量分析進行實證分析。SEM實證分析結果顯示調適行為受到內在認知影響，而內在認知同時受到風險溝通機制與外在環境之影響，風險溝通機制中，社區與媒體為重要管道，且社區居民間連結強度與社會協助亦是外在環境中重要影響因素，此外，研究結果亦顯示，各村里在調適行為上有所差異，原因可能來自於各村里風險溝通特性、外在環境、社會經濟與認知上的不同，最後依據實證結果，與水患自主防災社區風險溝通現況，提出改善家戶風險溝通之策略建議，期望增進風險溝通機制的完備與促進家戶採取調適行為，以減緩極端氣候造成的衝擊。
    Risk communication is usually used for risk events, it can be applied in the process of disaster warning to emergency response and also in daily risk education to promote the change of adaptation behaviors and to take precautions. However, because we lack for knowledge of risk communication, the disaster education propagandas before disaster, evacuation decisions during disaster and recovery measures after disaster proposed by the government can’t establish effect disaster risk communication mechanisms with residents and stimulate specific disaster prevention and rescue actions.
    Besides, stakeholders participating in watershed governance and flood prevention plan have become the international trends and been practiced for many years. The participations of stakeholders in flood managements can help information and values to be more realized and create achievable social goals together. Moreover, we can reduce vulnerability, enhance resilience, reinforce interaction
    between stakeholders and reduce conflicts through the cooperation between stakeholders. Nevertheless, in Taiwan there are few studies about how households and communities perceive flood disaster risks, the effectiveness of risk communication strategies or the process of risk communications in environmental sensitive area of watersheds. Therefore, study review related literature and interview with communities in Kaoping River Watershed area to discuss the interaction process in risk communication mechanism and establish the framework of disaster risk communication. Then, the questionnaires were sent to the households of flood-prone communities in Kaoping River
    Watershed area to verify the framework by utilizing SEM model.The result points out that local community and media are very crucial communication channels in risk communication mechanism. Besides, community connection and social assistant are key factors in external environment. This study also find out that people from different communities would take different adaptive behaviors which is resulted from different risk communication attributes, externalenvironment, socioeconomic attributes and disaster cognition. Based on the empirical results, some risk communication measures are proposed to improve disasterprevention strategies .
    關聯: MOST 104-2625-M-004-001
    数据类型: report
    显示于类别:[地政學系] 國科會研究計畫

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