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    Title: 持續危機下的糧食援助 ─以世界糧食計畫署於索馬利亞的行動為例
    Food Aid In A Time Of Prolonged Crisis – Assistance From World Food Programme In Somalia
    Authors: 陳彥廷
    Contributors: 姜家雄
    陳彥廷
    Keywords: 糧食援助
    世界糧食計畫署
    索馬利亞
    Food aid
    World food programme
    Somalia
    Date: 2013
    Issue Date: 2017-12-01 12:09:39 (UTC+8)
    Abstract:   糧食援助一直以來是國際關係所面臨的重大議題,對於援助者與受援國之間的互動往往超出糧食援助真正的人道關懷目標,雖然糧食產量足以供給全球人口需求,但世界上仍有許多飢荒地區民獲取不到糧食或是長期營養攝取不足,糧食無法平均分配給每一個人至今仍是糧食援助所面臨的難題之一。此外,因國內政局動盪所導致的人為飢荒,更是讓糧食援助雪上加霜。

      本研究試著從糧食援助的歷史脈絡出發,從早期為解決糧食產量過剩的問題,糧食援助成為剩餘糧食處理的手段,經過聯合國與許多非政府組織的努力下,至今糧食援助已是人道主義共識下的產物。在糧食援助主體方面,糧食援助也從早期雙邊國家的互惠關係,逐步演變成多邊參與,援助主體也不僅限於國家,許多國際組織與非政府組織對於糧食援助更是不遺餘力。糧食援助的客體也從飢荒地區的短期糧食供給,轉變為解決長期糧食營養不足的問題,甚至在持續危機之下,成為改善災區民眾生活的方式之一。

      文獻上已有學者針對飢荒的成因不同作出分類,透過該些分類檢視飢荒嚴重地區的國家,歸納出飢荒嚴重地區的國家大多是由於人為因素所刻意形成的外示飢荒。在案例研究上,透過聯合國糧食計畫署在索馬利亞的援助計畫,觀察如何在持續危機之下進行糧食援助。索馬利亞先天的地理條件造成乾旱引發糧食產量不足,固然是導致飢荒的因素之一。然而長年下來政局的動盪不安,政府更迭頻繁,拒絕國際糧食援助等人為飢荒,才是造成該國民眾長期食物匱乏,營養不足的主因。因此如何在持續危機之下進行糧食援助,有效改善飢荒地區民眾的生活才是國際社會共同努力的目標。本研究也希冀藉由案例研究的方式對糧食援助能有更深一層的認識。
    Reference: 一、中文部分
    (一)專書
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    (二)期刊文章
    公茂剛、王學真。〈發展中國家微觀層面的糧食獲取能力分析〉。《農業經濟與管理》,2011年第6期,頁31-37。
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    (三)會議論文
    王冠雄、張鈺旋。〈糧食安全引發之衝突與合作:理論與實務之探討〉,《第二屆發展研究年會》。台北:台灣大學建築與城鄉研究所主辦,2010年,頁1-28。

    (四)學位論文
    坂田桃子。《東亞地區的糧食危機管理之研究》。台北:國立台灣大學碩士論文,2004年。
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    (五)網路文章
    BBC中文網。〈人權機構:索馬里雙方都有罪責〉。http://www.bbc.co.uk/zhongwen/trad/world/2011/08/110815_somalia_human_rights.shtml
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    BBC中文網。〈索馬里青年黨命令援助組織撤離〉。http://www.bbc.co.uk/zhongwen/trad/rolling_news/2011/11/111128_rolling_somalia_aid.shtml
    BBC中文網。〈報告稱:索馬里飢荒『26萬人死亡』〉。http://www.bbc.co.uk/zhongwen/trad/world/2013/05/130502_somaliafamine.shtml
    BBC中文網。〈聯合國:索馬里結束飢荒狀態〉。http://www.bbc.co.uk/zhongwen/trad/rolling_news/2012/02/120203_rolling_somalia_famine.shtml
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    新頭殼。〈UN報告:索馬利亞饑荒 近26萬人死亡〉。http://newtalk.tw/news/2013/05/03/36091.html
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    環境資訊中心。〈75萬索馬利亞人面臨迫切饑荒〉。http://e-info.org.tw/node/69925
    環境資訊中心。〈東非飢民 需要更多援助〉。http://e-info.org.tw/node/69441
    環境資訊中心。〈索馬利亞武裝份子迫使聯合國暫停糧食援助〉。http://e-info.org.tw/node/50864
    聯合國兒童基金會。〈索馬里南部世紀大飢荒10問〉。http://www.unicef.org.hk/tc/unicefs-work/emergency-relief/emergency-news/donation-appeals/horn-of-africa-drought-and-food-crisis/ten-faq-for-famine-in-southern-somalia
    嚴震生。〈索馬利亞帶頭 7成失敗國家來自非洲〉。http://mag.udn.com/mag/world/storypage.jsp?f_MAIN_ID=364&f_SUB_ID=3489&f_ART_ID=332697

    二、英文部分
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    Harris, David. Food Aid and Agricultural Trade Reform. Australia: Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, August 2007.
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    Lappé, Frances Moore, Joseph Collins and Cary Fowler. Food First: Beyond the Myth of Scarcity. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin, 1977.
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    (二)期刊文章
    Barrett, Christopher B. and Daniel G. Maxwell. "Towards a global food aid compact." Food Policy Vol. 31, No. 2 (April 2006): 105-118.
    Berhanu, Gebremedhin and Scott Swinton. "Reconciling food-for-work project feasibility with food aid targeting in Tigray, Ethiopia." Food Policy Vol. 26, No. 1 (2001): 85-95.
    Brown, Lester R. "The New Geopolitics of Food." Foreign Policy Vol. No. 186 (May/Jun 2011): 54-63.
    Clay, Edward. "Food Aid Tying is the Real Problem: A Response to the Barrett and Maxwell Proposal." Food Policy Vol. 31, No. 2 (2006): 119-122.
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    (三)網路資料
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    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    外交學系
    98253014
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0098253014
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[外交學系] 學位論文

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