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    Title: 沃格林的種族論述研究
    A Study of Eric Voegelin`s Discourse on Race
    Authors: 林嘉培
    Lim, Chia Pei
    Contributors: 何信全
    Ho, Hsin-Chuan
    林嘉培
    Lim, Chia Pei
    Keywords: 沃格林
    種族
    種族主義
    科學主義
    政治觀念
    Date: 2018
    Issue Date: 2019-01-04 16:26:20 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 埃里克·沃格林（Eric Voegelin，1901-1985）致其一生反思人類政治共同體的政治失序問題。在第二次世界大戰爆發以前身處奧地利的他，切身體驗納粹政治意識形態與種族主義影響下的生活。由此感觸而生的《種族與國家》和《種族觀念思想史》，是對十九世紀以來種族理論的破壞性批判。沃格林早期既有的科學主義批判精神，以及深受韋伯影響而具備的價值自由觀，將種族理論切割為二，分為科學理論與政治觀念，以明確界定二者之別。在種族科學理論一方，沃格林從語源學的意義追溯與哲學傳統中的身心二元問題，分別解構種族科學不言自明的迷思與重構種族科學的理論根本出發點。他對於達爾文主義的物種進化論提出了質疑，並且大力批評當時盛行一時的優生學種族科學論述。在種族政治觀念的另一方，沃格林將種族轉化為人類政治共同體意義之多種來源之一。他從中世紀基督宗教時期的政治觀念及其對人之原初圖像的構想中，以及人類歷史經驗的變化過程中，推論與證成現代人的種族觀念究竟何以產生的源頭。
    Reference: 一 主要參考書目
    Eric Voegelin, Anamnesis: On the Theory of History and Politics, in The Collected Works of Eric Voegelin (Vol. 6) (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2002).
    Eric Voegelin, Autobiographical Reflections (1989), in The Collected Works of Eric Voegelin (Vol. 34) (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2006).
    Eric Voegelin, History of Political Ideas: Crisis and the Apocalypse of Man (Vol. VIII), in The Collected Works of Eric Voegelin (Vol. 26) (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1999).
    Eric Voegelin, History of Political Ideas: Hellenism, Rome, and Early Christianity (Vol. I), in The Collected Works of Eric Voegelin (Vol. 19) (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1997).
    Eric Voegelin, History of Political Ideas: the New order and Last Orientation (Vol. VII), in The Collected Works of Eric Voegelin (Vol. 25) (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1999).
    Eric Voegelin, On the Form of the American Mind, in The Collected Works of Eric Voegelin (Vol. 1) (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press).
    Eric Voegelin, Published Essays, 1922-1928, in The Collected Works of Eric Voegelin (Vol. 7) (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2003).
    Eric Voegelin, Published Essays: 1934-1939, in The Collected Works of Eric Voegelin (Vol. 9) (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2001).
    Eric Voegelin, Published Essays 1940-1952, in The Collected Works of Eric Voegelin (Vol. 10) (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2000).
    Eric Voegelin, Race and State, in Paul Caringella, Jürgen Gebhardt, Thomas A. Hollweck, Ellis Sandoz & etc. (eds.), The Collected Works of Eric Voegelin (Vol. 2) (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1997).
    Eric Voegelin, Selected Book Reviews, in The Collected Works of Eric Voegelin (Vol. 13) (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2001).
    Eric Voegelin, The History of the Race Idea: From Ray to Carus (1933), in The Collected Works of Eric Voegelin (Vol. 3) (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1998).
    Eric Voegelin, The New Science of Politics (1951), in Eric Voegelin, Modernity without Restraint, in The Collected Works of Eric Voegelin (Vol. 5).
    Eric Voegelin, The Political Religions (1938), in Modernity without Restraint, in The Collected Works of Eric Voegelin (Vol. 5) (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2000).
    Eric Voegelin, The Selected Correspondence: 1924-1949, in The Collected Works of Eric Voegelin (Vol. 29) (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2009).

    二 中文文獻
    何信全著：《海耶克自由理論研究》（台北：聯經，1988）。
    李永適著，〈膚色之外〉，收錄於國家地理學會：《國家地理雜誌》第197號（2018年4月，台北市：大石文化）。
    沃格林著，朱成明譯：《記憶：歷史與政治理論》（上海：華東師範大學出版社，2017）。
    馬克斯·韋伯著，錢永祥等譯：《學術與政治》，（桂林：廣西師範大學出版社，2010）。
    馬克斯·韋伯著，張旺山譯：《韋伯方法論文集》（台北市：聯經，2013）。
    席勒著，張玉書譯：《華倫斯坦》，收錄於張玉書選編：《席勒文集》III（北京：人民文學出版社，2005）。
    顧忠華著：《韋伯學說當代新詮》（台北市：開學文化，2013）。
    Barbara W. Tuchman著，卲文實譯：《遠方之鏡：動蕩不安的十四世紀》（新北市：廣場出版，2018）。
    Charles R. Darwin著，潘光旦、胡壽文譯：《人類的由來及性選擇》（長沙：湖南科學技術出版社，2014）。
    Charles R. Darwin著，謝蘊貞、曹驥原譯，李紹明校訂：《物種起源；人類和動物的表情》（長沙：湖南科學技術出版社，2015）。
    David Hume著，關文運譯：《人性論》（北京：商務印書館，2016）。
    Edward J. Larson著，陳恒安譯：《演化論：一個科學理論非凡的歷史》（新北市：左岸文化，2012）。
    Edward O. Wilson著，薛絢譯：《社會生物學：新綜合理論》（新北市：左岸文化，2012）。
    Ellis Sandoz著，徐志躍譯：《沃格林革命》（上海：上海三聯書店，2012）。
    Eugene Webb著，成慶譯，《沃格林：歷史哲學家》（長春：吉林出版集團，2011）。
    I. Bernard Cohen著，魯旭東、趙培杰譯：《科學中的革命》（北京：商務印書館，2017）。
    I. Bernard Cohen著，張卜天譯：《自然科學與社會科學的互動》（北京：商務印書館，2016）。
    John R. Commons 著，于樹生譯：《制度經濟學》（北京：商務印書館，2014）。
    John Rex著，顧駿譯：《種族與族類》（台北市：桂冠，1991）。
    John Theodore Merz著，周昌忠譯：《十九世紀歐洲思想史》（北京：商務印書館， 2016）。
    Jürgen Osterhammel著，強朝暉等譯：《世界的演變：19世紀史》（北京：社會科學文獻出版社，2016）。
    Michael Keevak著，吳緯疆譯：《成為黃種人：一部東亞人由白變黃的歷史》（新北市：八旗文化）。
    Michael Mann著，李少軍、劉北成譯：《社會權力的來源: 從源起到西元1760年的權力史》（第一卷）（新店市: 桂冠，1994）。
    Philippe Ariès、Georges Duby主編，李群等譯：《古代人的私生活（從古羅馬到拜占庭）》，收錄於《私人生活史》第一卷（哈爾濱：北方文藝出版社，2015）。
    Stephen Jay Gould著，程樹德譯：《自達爾文以來：對自然歷史的反思》（台北市：遠見天下文化，2009）。
    Steven Shapin著，林巧玲、許宏彬譯：《科學革命》（新北市：左岸文化，2016）。
    Will Kymlicka著，劉莘譯：《當代政治哲學導論》（台北市：聯經，2003）。

    三 英文文獻
    Alana Lentin, Racism and Anti-racism in Europe (London: Pluto Press, 2004).
    Alana Lentin, A. & R. Lentin, (eds.), Race and State (Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Press, 2006).
    Alessandra Gerolin, “Eric Voegelin on Race Theories: a Critique on the ‘Superstition’ of Science”, in Radical Orthodoxy: Theology, Philosophy, Politics (Vol. 1, No. 3) (2013), pp. 444-468.
    “Anti-Semitism in Europe: Haters gonna hate”, in The Economist, Vol. 427, No. 9090 (5th-11th May, 2018).
    Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism (Revised Ed.) (London: Verso, 2006).
    C. Carroll, The Negro: A Beast (St. Louis: American Book & Bible House, 1900).
    David Cole, The Political Philosophy of Eric Voegelin and his Followers: A Criticism of the Voegelinians (N.Y.: The Edwin Mellen Press, 2008).
    D. C. Kornegay, Racism and Racial Identity Development: the Aspects of Counselling (Saarbrücken: VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2007).
    D. G. Charlton, Positivist Thought in France During the Second Empire, 1852-1870 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1959).
    Edwin Black, War Against the Weak (N. Y.: Thunder’s Mouth Press, 2004).
    Eric Ehrenreich, The Nazi Ancestral Proof: Genealogy, Racial Science, and the Final Solution (Bloomington & Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2007).
    Erik Nordenskiöld; Leonard Bucknall Eyre (trans.), The History of Biology: A Survey (N. Y.: Tudor Publishing Co., 1936).
    F, A. Hayek, “Scientism and the Study of Society (Part I)”, Economica (Vol. 9, No. 35, Aug., 1942), London: Wiley, 1942), pp. 267-291.
    F. A. Hayek, The Counter-revolution of Science: Studies on the Abuse of Reason (Glencoe, Ill.: The Free Press, 1952).
    Giles Constable, Three Studies in Medieval Religious and Social Thought (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995).
    G. Schurz, The Is-Ought Problem: An Investigation in Philosophical Logic (Berlin: Springer Science+Business Media, 1997).
    Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism (N.Y.: Harcourt, 1994).
    Henry Bettenson (ed.), The Early Christian Fathers (London: Oxford University Press, 1956).
    H. Goulbourne, Race and Ethnicity: Critical Concepts in Sociology (Vol. I) (London: Routledge, 2001).
    Ivan Hannaford, Race: The History of an Idea in the West (Washington D.C.: The Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 1996).
    Joachim Whalley, Germany and the Holy Roman Empire (Vol. 1: Maximillian I to the Peace of Westphalia) (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012).
    John Beddoe, The Anthropological History of Europe (revised ed.) (Paisley: Alexander Gardner, 1912).
    Jonathan Marks, Human Biodiversity: Genes, Race, and History (N. Y.: Aldine de Gruyter, 1995).
    Jonathan Peter Spiro, Defending the Master Race: Conservation, Eugenics, and the Legacy of Madison Grant (Burlington: University of Vermont Press, 2009).
    Joseph Arthur de Gobineau; A. Collins (trans.), The Inequality of Human Races (London: William Heinemann, 1915).
    Joseph Arthur de Gobineau; H. Hotz (ed.), The Moral and Intellectual Diversity of Races: with Particular Reference to Their Respective Influence in the Civil and Political History of Mankind (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Co., 1856).
    Joseph Conrad; P. B. Armstrong (ed.), Heart of Darkness: A Norton Critical Edition (5th ed.) (N. Y.: W. W. Norton & Company, 2017).
    Kenan Malik, The Meaning of Race: Race, History and Culture in Western Society (N. Y.: New York University Press, 1996).
    Kenneth Keulman, The Balance of Consciousness: Eric Voegelin’s Political Theory (Pennysylvania: Penn State University Press, 1990).
    Lee Trepanier & S. F. McGuire (eds.), Eric Voegelin and the Continential Tradition: Explorations in Modern Political Thought (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2011).
    Les Back & John Solomos (eds.), Theories of Race and Racism: a Reader (2nd ed.) (London: Routledge, 2009).
    Lynn Thorndike, The History of Medieval Europe (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1917).
    Madison Grant, The Passing of the Great Race: or the Racial Basis of European History (London: G. Bell and Sons, 1917).
    Manfred Henningsen, “Eric Voegelin’s Deconstruction of Race in 1933” (2014), in M. Beyer, J. Lara & E. Zimmerman, Graduate Faculty Philosophy Journal (Vol. 35, No. 1-2) (New York: The New School, 2014), pp. 207-221.
    Max Weber; E. A. Shils & H. A. Finch (trans. & eds.), The Methodology of the Social Sciences (Glencoe, Ill.: The Free Press, 1949).
    M. D. A. Freeman, Lloyd’s Introduction to Jurisprudence (9th ed.) (London: Sweet & Maxwell, 2016).
    M. Desmond & M. Emirbayer, “What is Racial Domination?” in Du Bois Review, 6:2 (2009), pp. 344-345.
    Michael Banton, M, Racial Theories (2nd ed.) (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998).
    Perry Anderson, Passages from Antiquity to Feudalism (London: New Left Books, 1974).
    Peter H. Wilson, The Holy Roman Empire (London: Penguin Random House UK, 2016).
    R. Bernasconi & S. Cook (eds), Race & Racism in Continental Philosophy (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2003).
    R. C. Olby, G. N. Cantor, J. R. R. Christie & M. J. S. Hodge (eds.), Companion to the History of Modern Science (London & N. Y.: Routledge, 1990).
    Richard G. Olson, Science and Scientism in Nineteenth-century Europe (Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2008).
    Robert Audi (ed.), Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy (2nd ed.) (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995).
    Stefan Kühl, The Nazi Connection: Eugenics, American Racism, and German National Socialism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994).
    Stephen A. McKnight (ed.), Eric Voegelin’s Search for Order in History (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1978).
    Thomas Heilke, “Science, Philosophy, and Resistance: On Eric Voegelin’s Practice of Opposition”, The Review of Politics, Vol. 56, No. 4 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Autumn, 1994), p. 727-752.
    Thomas. W. Heilke, “The Philosophical Anthropology of Race: a Voegelinian Encounter”, in hrsg. Von Peter J. Opitz und Dietmar Herz, Occasional Papers (München: Eric-Voegelin-Archiv, Geschwister-Scholl-Institut für Politische Wissenschaft an der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2000).
    Thomas. W. Heilke, Voegelin on The Idea of Race: an Analysis of Modern European Racism (Baton Rouge: Louisiana University Press, 1990).
    UNESCO, Statement on Race, (SC. 51/WS/111.69) (Paris: UNESCO, 1951).
    UNESCO, The Race Question (Paris: UNESCO, 1950).
    Werner Sombart; M. Epstein (trans.), The Jews and Modern Capitalism (Kitchener: Batoche Books, 2001).
    Will Kymlicka, The Rights of Minority Cultures (N. Y.: Oxford University Press, 1995).

    四 日文文獻
    ジャン・ファヴィェ著、內田日出海訳：《金と香辛料：中世における実業家の誕生》（東京：株式会社春秋社， 2014）。
    大澤武男著：《ユダヤ人とドイツ》（東京：株式会社講談社，1991）。

    五 馬來文文獻
    Zaharah Sulaiman, Wan Hashim Wan Teh & Nik Hassan Shuhaimi Nik Abdul Rahman, Asal Usul Melayu Induknya di Benua Sunda, in Sejarah Tamadun Alam Melayu (Jilid 1) (Tanjong Malim: Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 2016).

    六 網絡資源
    日本放送協会（NHK）：新·映像の世紀（第2集）：超大国アメリカの出現・グレートファミリー 新たな支配者（2015年11月29日）
    日本放送協会（NHK）：新·映像の世紀（第3集）：第二次世界大戦・時代は独裁者を求めた（2015年12月20日）。
    D. Lombroso & Y. Appelbaum, “‘Hail Trump!’: White Nationalists salute the President Elect” (November 21 2016), retrieved from The Atlantic: http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/11/richard-spencer-speech-npi/508379/.
    Ellis Sandoz, “Mysticism and Politics in Voegelin’s Philosophy” (2009), retrieved on April 7th , 2018 from: http://sites01.lsu.edu/faculty/voegelin/wp-content/uploads/sites/80/2015/09/Ellis-Sandoz1.pdf
    Eurobarometer, Discrimination in the European Union (2007), p.36. Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_263_en.pdf.
    European Commission against Racism and Intolerance, ECRI Report on France (Strasbourg: Council of Europe, 2010), p. 7-8. Retrieved from https://www.coe.int/t/dghl/monitoring/ecri/Country-by-country/France/FRA-CbC-IV-2010-016-ENG.pdf.
    German Government (“Entwurf Willi Hackenberger”, “Copyright by Reichsauschuss für Volksgesundheitsdienst”, government agency apparently part of the Reichs- und Preußisches Ministerium des Innern); United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Collection, Nuremberg laws Racial Chart (15th September, 1935), retrieved on 21st May 2018 from: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Nuremberg_laws_Racial_Chart.jpg
    H. Ellis-Petersen, “Racial Identity is a Biological Nonsense, says Reith Lecturer” (October 18th, 2016). retrieved from the Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/oct/18/racial-identity-is-a-biological-nonsense-says-reith-lecturer.
    Jason Hood, “The Imitation of Christ for Protestants” (August 30th , 2017), in The Gospel Coalition, retrieved on April 4th , 2018 from: https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/reviews/reflect-becoming-yourself-by-mirroring-greatest-person-history/
    Leading Britain’s Conversation, “Self-confessed White nationalist insists He is not Racist” (October 27th , 2017), retrieved on November 2nd, 2017 from: http://www.lbc.co.uk/radio/white-nationalist-insists-he-is -not-racist/.
    Lee Trepanier, “Science and Scientism in Eric Voegelin’s Thought” (2013), retrieved from http://anamnesisjournal.com/2013/10/science-and-scientism-in-eric-voegelins-thought/.
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    Russ Long, “Contemporary Trends and Issues in U.S. Racial and Ethnic Relations” (2013), retrieved from http://dmc122011.delmar.edu/socsci/rlong/problems/chap-08.htm.
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    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    哲學系
    1041540082
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1041540082
    Data Type: thesis
    DOI: 10.6814/THE.NCCU.Phi.006.2018.A02
    Appears in Collections:[Department of Philosophy] Theses

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