Loading...
|
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/128124
|
| Title: | 晚明《成唯識論》註釋傳統的重新建構
How did late-Ming commentators rebuild the interrupted commentarial tradition of the Cheng Weishi Lun? |
| Authors: | 楊志常
Yang, Chih-Chang |
| Contributors: | 耿晴
Keng, Ching
楊志常
Yang, Chih-Chang |
| Keywords: | 《成唯識論》
中斷的註釋傳統
註釋傳統的重新建構
晚明佛教
Cheng weishi lun
Interrupted commentarial tradition
Commentarial tradition rebuilding
Late-Ming Buddhism |
| Date: | 2019 |
| Issue Date: | 2020-01-03 15:56:55 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 東亞唯識學主流的法相宗，主要是建立在七世紀玄奘所糅譯的《成唯識論》，以及玄奘弟子窺基等所作該論的註釋書。可惜，中國法相宗的傳承和《成唯識論》的註釋傳統歷時不長，約七十多年。然後，窺基等所建立的《成唯識論》註釋傳統，就隨著時間漸漸地在中國遺失。到了十六、十七世紀所謂的晚明唯識復興之時，晚明的唯識註釋家，只能在沒有窺基等所著註釋書可以參考的情況下，試圖重新建立一個已經中斷的《成唯識論》註釋傳統。
由於法相宗的唯識學是相當複雜且煩瑣的佛教經院哲學，一般研究《成唯識論》以及其註釋書的研究取向，無論是局外人或者是局內人，經常是以哲學思辯、思想史或者是何為唯識正見的探討為主軸。雖然，本研究也是以《成唯識論》，以及其十七世紀的註釋書為主要材料，本研究所關心的議題是: 晚明的唯識註釋家如何重新建構一個已經中斷的《成唯識論》註釋傳統。探討的重心將在於一個註釋傳統如何被建構，特別是一個中斷的傳統的重新建構。
《成唯識論》有十卷，《成唯識論述記》有二十卷，晚明的《成唯識論》註釋書至少有八家，每家也各有十卷(廣承未竟的八卷除外)。面對如此大量且議題豐富的資料，一般的研究者經常是以唯識哲學的重要議題，如識變、所緣緣和三性說等，來作選擇性的取捨和判斷。如此的研究方法有好處也有限制。可能的限制是，不同研究者可能有迥然不同的斷章和取義。由於本研究的重點在於註釋傳統的建構，不在於哲學議題的價值判斷，所以本研究將採取的方法是，在限定範圍內，對於註釋傳統可能如何地被重新建構，作比較分析。
本研究的文本限定範圍是:《成唯識論》、《成唯識論述記》、《成唯識論俗詮》、《成唯識論集解》、《成唯識論證義》、《成唯識論自攷》和《成唯識論觀心法要》中，有關阿賴耶識的註釋。也就是漢譯唯識三十頌中，第二頌第三、第四句、第三頌和第四頌的《成唯識論》註釋，但不包括《成唯識論》中五教十理證有本識的部份。研究的主軸在於，晚明註釋家明昱、通潤、王肯堂、大惠和智旭，如何在此限定範圍內，重新建構《成唯識論》的註釋傳統。研究方法有兩個層次: 宏觀的量化分析與微觀的質化分析。量化分析是有關晚明註釋的引用來源、引用型式、引用頻率和引用字數的分析。質化分析是在十二門 (自相門、果相門、因相門等門)的架構下，在各種不同主題的討論中，晚明註釋家們是如何利用他們能夠取得的資料的借用、詮釋和再定義，來重新建構一個遺失的《成唯識論》註釋傳統。
藉由探討和分析一個重新建構傳統的實際案例，本研究希望一個「註釋傳統」的「建構性」能夠被更加地了解和注意。進而一個累積傳統的「可塑性」和「時代性」，與其「延續性」和「正統性」一樣，能夠至少受到相同的正視和省思。
論文各章組織和簡要重點整理如下:
第一章是論文寫作動機。首先，簡要敘述論文所要處理的歷史現象— 一個中斷的《成唯識論》註釋傳統，以及了解這個千載難逢的歷史現象的重要性。接著，提出研究問題: 晚明的唯識註釋家如何重新建構一個已經中斷的《成唯識論》註釋傳統? 進一步，簡要地文獻回顧中國唯識識傳統的發展、晚明唯識復興的研究和宗教綜攝的意涵。最後，定義研究範範圍、研究方法和研究假說。
第二章是明朝相關脈絡的簡要回顧。本章分為兩大節: 第一節是外部相關脈絡，包括明朝有關的佛教政策、王陽明心學的影響、智識主義與反智識主義的鐘擺和明朝仕紳和僧侶的相互定義。第二節是內部相關脈絡，以重要人物的相關影響的簡要介紹為主。先簡要介紹晚明唯識復興倡導的重要人物有關生平; 再簡要介紹所研究的晚明註釋家明昱、通潤、王肯堂、大惠和智旭的相關生平。
第三章是宏觀的量化分析。利用晚明註釋的引用來源、引用型式、引用頻率和引用字數的分析，以量化數據來具體呈現一個中斷的傳統如何被重新建構的「建構階段性」、「建構社群性」和「註釋家相對影響性」等。例如，從晚明各家註釋的出版時間、註釋的總字數、引用的字數和引用的型式分析，可以大略地將五家註釋分成二個階段: 探索的階段和內化的階段。為了建構與過去歷史和傳統的聯結正當性，探索階段呈現出顯著的大量文獻引用的成長趨勢。一旦聯結正當性建構完成，內化階段不再強調文獻引用的數量，而且引用型式也由逐字引用型式轉移到改述的引用型式的趨勢，註釋家的主體性似乎相對地被重視。又例如，第二章的內部相關脈絡回顧只能約略地補捉到，晚明註釋家與其重要影響人物間的大概的社群網絡。本章晚明註釋的組內引用分析，可以讓我們有機會更具體化地了解晚明註釋家間的可能相對位置，譬如: 相對於明昱和通潤，王肯堂似乎比較接近於通潤。
第四章是微觀的質化分析。在十二門的架構下，首先，進行《成唯識論》文本的英文翻譯，以作為進一步主題分析的依據。翻譯有參照比對Cook (1999) 和 Poussin/Leonhard (2017) 的相對應英文翻譯，並在footnote註記相對應頁碼。接著，針對有關的晚明註釋五家的註釋和引用文獻作英文翻譯和比較分析。其中，包括相對應的《成唯識論述記》的英文翻譯和比較分析。所以，比較分析可能同時涉及晚明註釋家間的共時性分析和晚明註釋家和窺基間的跨時性分析。質化分析總共有四十八個主題分析。在文本限定範圍內，作如此大量的不同的主題分析的目的，主要是要呈現晚明註釋重建的多樣性，以及此多樣性的不同可能來源。並且盡量地避免以單一或是少數的案例來對任何一家晚明註釋家作出價值判斷。
第五章是結論。主要是扼要重述量化分析和質化分析的主要發現，包括研究假說結果的列表呈現。特別重述幾個深具晚明特色的個案研究，如: 五種性各別的盲測、晚明重建的多種臉像和王肯堂獨特的文本再使用。最後的結論是: 多樣性的解放。不同於唐代時代有國家朝廷支持的集中譯經場、有功德顯赫的高僧玄奘和百部論主的窺基大師，晚明有的是王陽明心學解放後的時代精神、蓬勃發展的居士佛教和仕紳和僧侶間相互定義的社會氛圍。所以，當晚明註釋家重新建構一個已經中斷的《成唯識論》註釋傳統時，不僅僅意外地把窺基當時試圖利用糅譯所去除的不同聲音加了回來，同時也將當時時代的多樣性挹注到唯識古學和唯識今學中。結果，多樣性的解放不僅是晚明唯識傳統重建的因，也是晚明唯識傳統重建的果。
One of most influential religious traditions in Eastern Asia is the Buddhist Consciousness-only School that was built by the eminent monk Xuanzang (602-664) and his disciple Kuiji (632-682) in the 7th century. As probably the most sophisticated scholastic school in Buddhism, the consciousness-only tradition in Eastern Asia was defined and reinforced by the core text Cheng Weishi Lun (CWSL) that was compiled by Xuanzang and its key commentaries that were composed by Kuiji and his disciples then. What is interesting is that those key commentaries were gradually losing their circulation in China. When there occurred the so-called renaissance of consciousness-only study in around 16th -17th centuries, those key CWSL commentaries and the lineage were already totally lost in China. Thus, those who aimed to rebuild the lost Consciousness-only School in China at that time had to figure out ways to decode the CWSL which in itself was extremely difficult to understand without those key commentaries. This dissertation intends to investigate how a lost commentarial tradition of the Cheng weishi lun was rebuilt and/or reinvented by five key late-Ming commentators— Gaoyuan Mingyu (circa 1544-1633), Yiyu Tongrun (1565-1624), Wang Kentang (1549-1613), Lingyuan Dahui (1564-1636) and Ouyi Zhixu (1599-1655). The project scope is limited to the contents regarding Chinese Triṃśikā (The Thirty Verses) stanza #2cd, #3, and #4 in the Cheng weishi lun, and in the five late-Ming commentaries Cheng Weishi lun suquan, Cheng weishi lun jijie, Cheng weishi lun zhengyi, Cheng weishi lun zikao, and Cheng weishi lun guanxin fayao and in Kuiji’s commentary Cheng weishi lun shuji.
The analysis of this study is conducted at two levels: the quantitative analysis at the macro level and the qualitative analysis at the micro level. The methods at the macro level include the analysis of citation sources, citation types, quotation frequency and quotation counts. The methods at the micro level of analysis comprise the English translation of Cheng weishi lun as a basis for analysis and the English translations of relevant late-Ming commentaries and their related citations for comparison. Both levels involve synchronic analysis within the late-Ming group and/or diachronic analysis between the late-Ming group and Kuiji’s Cheng weishi lun shuji when it is appropriate.
The macro level of analysis indicates that the tradition rebuilding takes times and stages. Mingyu, Tongrun, and Wang Kentang formed the exploration stage which features steep citation increases whereas Dahui and Zhixu formed the internalization stage which features fewer citations. The fact that approximately three fourths of Wang Kentang’s commentary and one third of the total information of Tongrun are citations seems to reflect the authors’ anxiety to establish the connection with the tradition past in the exploration stage to a certain degree. Moreover, the analysis of within-group citations show that the tradition rebuilding is a community work in the late-Ming as well. For example, Cheng weishi lun jijie by Tongrun and Cheng Weishi lun suquan by Mingyu are No. 2 and No. 4 most quoted citation sources, respectively. In contrast, the citations that pass through indirect sources from Cheng weishi lun shuji to the late-Ming group account for only twelve percent of total citation count. That implies that the late-Ming group had much more exposure to non-Cheng weishi lun shuji’s perspective which accounts for eighty-eight percent of total citation count.
The micro level of analysis includes detailed discussions of forty-eight related topics in total in the framework of Twelve Aspects. The focus is to unfold the diverse ways in which a lost commentarial tradition could be rebuilt by different late-Ming commentators. Some key interesting findings include a blind test for “five seed-nature”, many faces of syncretism, and Wang Kentang’s unique way of reusing texts. Overall, what the late-Ming group accomplished is not “nature-characteristics synthesis” but “nature-characteristics syncretism”. The former means that the blending of School of Nature and School of Characteristics results in new Buddhist school or a new religion. However, this did not happen. What happened is that, in the contrast to Kuiji’s drive for reducing diverse voices in making a “compiled translation” of CWSL in Tang, the late-Ming commentators rebuilt the lost CWSL commentarial tradition in the opposite way. They not only restored the diversity connected with the “weishi gu xue”(the early consciousness-only doctrine), which Kuiji tried to get rid of. But they also added their contemporary diversity in both “weishi gu xue”and “weishi jin xue”(the later consciousness-only doctrine). As a result, the liberation of diversity, i.e. the release of the growing diversity, is both the cause and the effect of the rebuilding of CWSL commentarial tradition in late-Ming. |
| Reference: | Primary Sources
Core Primary Sources (in chronological order)
Dharmapāla et al, Cheng weishi lun 成唯識論, trans. by Xuanzang, T31n1585.
Kuiji , Cheng weishi lun shuji 成唯識論述記, T43n1830.
Mingyu, Cheng Weishi lun suquan 成唯識論俗詮, X50n0820.
Tongrun, Cheng Weishi lun jijie 成唯識論集解, X50n0821.
Wang Kentang, Cheng Weishi lun Zhengyi 成唯識論證義, X50n0822.
Dahui, Cheng Weishi lun zikao 成唯識論自攷, X51n0823.
Zhixu, Cheng Weishi lun guanxin fayao 成唯識論觀心法要, X51n0824.
Supporting Primary Sources (in alphabetical order)
Asaṅga, Dacheng apidamo ji lun 大乘阿毘達磨集論, trans. by Xuanzang, T31n1605.
Asaṅga, She dacheng lun ben 攝大乘論本, trans. by Xuanzang, T31n1594.
Asaṅga, Xianyang shengjiao lun 顯揚聖教論, trans. by Xuanzang, T31n1602.
Asvabhāva , She dacheng lun shi 攝大乘論釋, trans. by Xuanzang, T31n1598.
Chengguan, Dafang guangfo huayanjing shu 大方廣佛華嚴經疏, T35n1735.
Chengguan, Dafang guangfo huayanjing suishu yanyi chao 大方廣佛華嚴經隨疏演義鈔, T36n1736.
Daoshi, Fa yuan zhu lin 法苑珠林, T53n2122.
Daoyuan, Jingde chuandeng lu 景德傳燈錄, T51n2076.
Deqing, Hanshan lao ren meng you ji 憨山老人夢遊集, edited by Fushan, Rilu, and Tongjiong, X73n1456.
Deqing, Huayan gangyao 華嚴綱要, X09n240.
Huaiyuan, Lengyan jing yi shu shi yao chao 楞嚴經義疏釋要鈔, X11n267.
Li Tongxuan, Xin huayan jing lun 新華嚴經論, T36n1739.
Maitreya, Yuqie shidi lun 瑜伽師地論, trans. by Xuanzang, T30n1579.
Mengrun, Tiantai si jiaoyi ji zhu天台四教儀集註, P189n1629.
Minygu, Bashi guiju buzhu zhengyi 八識規矩補註證義, X55n890.
N/A, Da bao ji jing 大寶積經, trans. by Bodhiruci, T11n310.
N/A, Da fang guang fo huayan jing 大方廣佛華嚴經, trans. by Śikṣānanda, T10n279.
N/A, Da fang guang yuan jue xiu duo luo le yi jing 大方廣圓覺修多羅了義經, trans. by Buddhatrāta, T17n842.
N/A, Dafo ding rulai miyin xiuzheng leyi zhu pusa wanxing shou lengyan jing 大佛頂如來密因修證了義諸菩薩萬行首楞嚴經, trans. by Pramiti, T19n945.
N/A, Jie shen mi jing 解深密經, trans. by Xuanzang, T16n676.
N/A, Lengqie aba duoluo bao jing楞伽阿跋多羅寶經, trans. by Guṇabhadra, T16n670.
N/A, Miaofa lianhua jing 妙法蓮華經, trans. by Kumārajīva, T09n262.
N/A, Pusa yingluo benye jing 菩薩瓔珞本業經, trans. by Zhufonian, T24n1485.
N/A, Zhuanshi lun 轉識論, trans. by Paramārtha, T31n1587.
Purui, Huayan xuantan hui xuan ji 華嚴懸談會玄記, X08n236.
Putai , Bashi guiju buzhu 八識規矩補註, T45n1865.
Renchao, Fajie anli tu 法界安立圖, X57n972.
Shanyue, Renwang huguo ban ruo po luo mi jing shu shen bao ji 仁王護國般若波羅蜜經疏神寶記, T33n1706
Shijiacheng, Shou zhang lun 手杖論, trans. by Yijing, T32n1657.
Sthiramati, Dacheng apidamo za ji lun 大乘阿毘達磨雜集論, trans. by Xuanzang, T31n1606.
Tongzui, Jin jiang chan deng 錦江禪燈, X85n1590.
Vasubandhu, Apidamo jushe lun 阿毘達磨俱舍論, trans. by Xuanzang, T29n1558.
Vasubandhu, Apidamo jushe shi lun 阿毘達磨俱舍釋論, trans. by Paramārtha, T29n1559.
Vasubandhu, Dacheng baifa mingmen lunjie 大乘百法明門論解, trans. by Xuanzang, commented by Kuiji, and amended by Putai, T44n1836.
Vasubandhu, She dacheng lun shi 攝大乘論釋, trans. by Paramārtha, T31n1595.
Vasubandhu, She dacheng lun shi 攝大乘論釋, trans. by Xuanzang, T31n1597.
Vasumitra, Apidamo jie shen zu lun 阿毘達磨界身足論, trans. by Xuanzang, T26n1540.
Yanshou, Zongjing lu 宗鏡錄, T48n2016.
Yiru et al, Da ming san cang fa shu 大明三藏法數, P182n1615.
Yunfeng, Weishi kaimeng wenda 唯識開蒙問答, X55n888.
Zhenke, Zibo zun zhe quan ji 紫柏尊者全集, edited by Deqing, X73n1452.
Zhili, Guan wuliang shou fo jing shu miao zong chao 觀無量壽佛經疏妙宗鈔, T37n1751.
Zhixu, Ling feng ouyi dashi zong lun 靈峰蕅益大師宗論, J36nB348.
Zhiyi , Miao fa lian hua jing xuan yi 妙法蓮華經玄義, T33n1716.
Zhiyi , Miaofa lianhua jing wen ju 妙法蓮華經文句, T34n1718.
Zhiyi , Renwang huguo ban ruo jing shu 仁王護國般若經疏, noted by Guanding, T33n1705
Zhiyi, Fajie cidi chu men 法界次第初門, T46n1925.
Zhiyi, Guan wu liang shou fo jing shu 觀無量壽佛經疏, T37n1750.
Zixuan, Jingang jing zuanyao kanding ji 金剛經纂要刊定記, T33n1702.
Secondary Sources
Araki, Kengo 荒木見悟. "Confucianism and Buddhism in the Late Ming." In The Unfolding of Neo-Confucianism, edited by William Theodore De Bary, 39-66, 1975.
Araki, Kengo 荒木見悟著, and Xian-bo Zhou 周賢博譯. "Jinshi Zhongguo Fojiao De Shuguang--Yunqi Zhuhong Zhi Yanjiu" 近世中國佛教的曙光--雲棲祩宏之研究. Hui ming wen hua, 2001.
Baird, Robert D. "Syncretism and the History of Religions." Syncretism in religion: A reader (2004): 48-58.
Berling, Judith A. The Syncretic Religion of Lin Chao-En. New York: Columbia University Press, 1980.
Brook, Timothy. The Chinese State in Ming Society. Routledge, 2005.
———. Praying for Power: Buddhism and the Formation of Gentry Society in Late-Ming China. Cambridge, MA, US: Council on East Asian Studies, Harvard University and Harvard-Yenching Institute, 1993.
———. Praying for Power: Buddhism and the Formation of Gentry Society in Late-Ming China. Vol. 38: Harvard Univ Asia Center, 1993.
———. "Rethinking Syncretism: The Unity of the Three Teachings and Their Joint Worship in Late-Imperial China." Journal of Chinese Religions 21, no. 1 (1993): 13-44.
Buescher, Hartmut. Sthiramati`s Triṃśikāvijñaptibhāṣya: Critical Editions of the Sanskrit Text and Its Tibetan Translation. Austria: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenachaften, ÖAW, 2007.
Chen, Yi-biao 陳一標. "A Comparative Study of Chinese and Japanese Fa-Xing School`s Lineage and Characteristics 中日法相宗傳承與宗風之比較." Hsuan Chuang Journal of Buddhism 玄奘佛學研究, no. 3 (2005): 105-25.
———. ""Laiye Yuanqi Yu Sanxing Sixiang Zhi Yanjiu" 賴耶緣起與三性思想之研究." Chinese Culture University, 2000.
———. ""Weishi Xue "Xing Xiang" (Ākāra) Zhi Yan Jiu" 唯識學「行相」(Ākāra)之研究." Satyabhisamaya: A Buddhist Studies Quarterly 正觀 no. 43 (2007): 5-21.
Chen, Ying-shan 陳英善. "The Characteristics of Ou-Yi Zhi-Xu’s Thought and an Appraisal of His Status 蕅益智旭思想的特質及其定位問題." Bulletin of the Institute of Chinese Literature and Philosophy 中國文哲研究集刊, no. 8 (1996): 227-56.
Chen, Yuan 陳垣. "Ming Ji Dian Qian Fo Jiao Kao" 明季滇黔佛教考. Zhong hua shu ju, 1987.
Chen, Yuh-neu 陳玉女. "About the Imprisonment of Hua-Yan-Tsung P`ien Jung in the Ming Dynasty 明華嚴宗派遍融和尚入獄考-兼述隆、萬年間佛教與京師權貴的往來." Bulletin of History Department National Ch`eng Kung University 成大歷史學報, no. 24 (1998): 215-58.
———. "Mingdai Fomen Nei Wai Seng Su Jiao She De Chang Yu" 明代佛門內外僧俗交涉的場域. Daoxiang chu ban she, 2009.
Chien, Kai-ting 簡凱廷. "A Forgotten Tradition: The Lesser Known Late-Ming and Early-Qing Annotations of the Cheng Weishi Lun 被忘卻的傳統-明末清初《成唯識論》相關珍稀注釋書考論." Chinese Studies 漢學研究 35, no. 1 (2017): 225-60.
———. ""Ming Mo Qing Chu Weishi Xue Zai Hangzhou De Chuan Yan" 明末清初唯識學在杭州的傳衍——以紹覺廣承法系爲主的考察." "Xin guo xue" 新國學, no. 1 (2015): 217-37.
———. "A Preliminary Study on Spread and Acceptance of Late Ming Yogācāra Works During the Edo Period 晚明唯識學作品在江戶時代的流傳與接受初探." Chung-Hwa Buddhist Studies 中華佛學研究, no. 16 (2015): 43-72.
———. "A Study on Yiyu Tongrun`s Life and Rarely Known Works 晚明義學僧一雨通潤及其稀見著作考述." Taiwan Journal of Buddhist Studies 臺大佛學研究, no. 28 (2014): 143-90.
Chien, Kai-ting 簡凱廷, and Chao-heng Liao 廖肇亨. "Ming Qing Huayan Chuan Cheng Shi Liao Liang Zhong- Xianshou Zong Cheng Yu Xianshou Chuan Deng Lu" 明清華嚴傳承史料兩種-賢首宗乘與賢首傳燈錄. Taipei, Taiwan: Institute of History and Philology Academia Sinica 2017.
Cook, Francis Harold. Three Texts on Consciousness-Only. Berkeley: Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research, 1999.
Cox, Collett. Disputed Dharmas: Early Buddhist Theories on Existence : An Annotated Translation of the Section of Factors Dissociated from Thought from SaṇGhabhadra`s NyāYāNusāRa. International Institute for Buddhist Studies, 1995.
Cua, Antonio S. Encyclopedia of Chinese Philosophy. Routledge, 2003.
DaHuayanSi 大華嚴寺. "Xian Shou Zong Fu Fa Shi Zi Ji" 賢首宗付法師資記. Taipei, Taiwan: Da Huayan Si, 2008.
Dai, Ki-Cheng 戴继诚. ""Zibo Dashi De Wen Zi Chan Li Lun Ji Qi Shi Jian" 紫柏大师的“文字禅”理论及其实践." Chuanshan Journal 船山学刊, no. 2 (2005): 89-92.
De Bary, William Theodore. Self and Society in Ming Thought. Vol. 4: Columbia Univ Pr, 1970.
———. The Unfolding of Neo-Confucianism. New York: Columbia University Press, 1975.
Freschi, Elisa. "The Reuse of Texts in Indian Philosophy: Introduction." Journal of Indian Philosophy 43, no. 2-3 (2015): 85-108.
Freschi, Elisa, and Cathy Cantwell. "Introduction: Reuse and Intertextuality in the Context of Buddhist Texts." Buddhist Studies Review 33, no. 1-2 (2016): 1-7.
Hakeda, Yoshito S. The Awakening of Faith: Attributed to Aśvaghoṣha. Columbia University Press, 1967.
Hattori, Masaaki 服部正明. Dignāga, on Perception. Harvard University Presss, 1970.
Hirakawa, Akira 平川彰著, and Kun-Mu Zhuang 莊崑木譯. "Yin Du Fo Jiao Shi" 印度佛教史. Shang zhou chu ban she, 2002.
Hobsbawm, Eric, and Terence Ranger. The Invention of Tradition. Cambridge University Press, 1983.
Hsieh, Shu-wei 謝世維. "Syncretism and Interaction: A Review of Scholarship on the Relationship between Medieval Buddhism and Daoism 融合與交涉: 中古時期的佛道關係研究回顧." Tsinghua Journal of Chinese Literature 清華中文學報, no. 8 (2012): 263-99.
Hu, Chuan-huai 胡傳淮. ""Ming Mo Gao Seng Weishi Da Shi Gaoyuan Mingyu" 明末高僧唯識大師高原明昱." "Peng xi wen shi zi liao" 蓬溪文史資料 34 (2012).
Huo, Tao-hui 霍韜晦. Sthiramati`s Commentary on Triṁśikāvijñapti : A Chinese Translation with Notes and Interpretations 安慧三十唯識釋原典譯註. Hong Kong, China: The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1980.
Jan, Yun-hua 冉雲華. "Yongming Yanshou" 永明延壽. Dong da tu shu, 1999.
Katsura, Shoryu 桂紹隆. "The Reductio Ad Absurdum Argument in India with Special Reference to Nagarjuna and Dignaga." Journal of Ryūkoku University 466 (2005): 2-18.
Kawamura, Leslie. "A Study of the Trimsika-Vijnapti-Bhasya." Kyoto 1964.
Keng, Ching 耿晴. Yogâcāra Buddhism Transmitted or Transformed? Paramârtha (499–569) and His Chinese Interpreters. Harvard University, 2009.
Knitter, Paul F. Introducing Theologies of Religion. Orbis Books, 2002.
Lan, Chi-fu 藍吉富. ""Jiaxing Dacang Jing De Te Se Ji Qi Shi Liao Jia Zhi" 嘉興大藏經的特色及其史料價值." In "Yin Shun Daoshi Ba Zhi Jin Liu Shou Qing Lun Wen Ji" 佛教的思想與文化--印順導師八秩晉六壽慶論文集, 255-66, 1991.
———. ""Jiaxing Dacang Jing Yan Jiu" 嘉興大藏經研究." Satyabhisamays 諦觀, no. 70 (1992): 53-110.
Lee, Yun-sang 李潤生. "Cheng Weishi Lun Shuji Jiedu- Laiye Pian" 成唯識論述記解讀-賴耶篇. Vol. 1, Taipei, Taiwan: BuddhAll Cultural Enterprise Co.,Ltd., 2010.
———. "Cheng Weishi Lun Shuji Jiedu- Laiye Pian" 成唯識論述記解讀-賴耶篇. Vol. 2, Taipei, Taiwan: BuddhAll Cultural Enterprise Co.,Ltd., 2010.
———. "Cheng Weishi Lun Shuji Jiedu- Laiye Pian" 成唯識論述記解讀-賴耶篇. Vol. 3, Taipei, Taiwan: BuddhAll Cultural Enterprise Co.,Ltd., 2010.
Liao, Chao-heng 廖肇亨. "From the "Cool Holy Land" to "Remembering Jinling`s Past": From the Custom of Cherishing Poetry to Examining the Spiritual Scene of the Southern Huayan School in the Late Ming and Early Qing Dynasties 從「清涼聖境」到「金陵懷古」：從尚詩風習側探晚明清初華嚴學南方系之精神圖景." Bulletin of the Institute of Chinese Literature and Philosophy 中國文哲研究集刊, no. 37 (2010): 51-94.
———. "Ju Lang Hui Lan" 巨浪迴瀾. Dharma Drum Culture, 2014.
———. "Rewriting Huihong Juefan in the Ming Dynasty 惠洪覺範在明代-宋代禪學在晚明的書寫、衍異與反響." Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology Academia Sinica 中央研究院歷史語言研究所集刊 75, no. 4 (2004): 797-837.
———. ""Xue Lang Hong En Chu Tan" 雪浪洪恩初探." In "Zhongbian Shichan Mengxi" 中邊、詩禪、夢戲. Taipei, Taiwan: Yunchen chuban she, 1996.
———. "Zhongbian Shichan Mengxi" 中邊‧詩禪‧夢戲. Taipei, Taiwan: Yunchen chuban she, 2008.
Lien, Wen-ping 連文萍. "Wang Ken Tang`s Scholarly Honors and Public Morals in Wan Li Imperical and Examination 王肯堂的科名與萬曆科舉世風 ". Bulletin of History Department National Ch`eng Kung University 成大歷史學報, no. 58 (2017): 59-100.
Lin, Chen-kuo 林鎮國. "Kong Xing Yu Fang Fa: Kua Wen Hua Fo Jiao Zhe Xue Shi Si Lun" 空性與方法- 跨文化佛教哲學十四論. Chengchi University Press, 2012.
Lin, Qing-zhang 林慶彰. "Ming Dai Kao Ju Xue Yan Jiu" 明代考據學研究. Taipei, Taiwan: Taiwan xue sheng shu ju, 1983.
Liu, Jun-yu 劉俊餘, and Yu-chuan Wang 王玉川. "Li Ma Dou Zhong Guo Chuan Jiao Shi" 利瑪竇中國傳敎史. "Li Ma Dou Quan Ji" 利瑪竇全集. Vol. 2: Kuangchi Cultural Group, 1986.
Liu, Ming-wood 廖明活. "The Three-Nature Doctrine and Its Interpretation in Hua-Yen Buddhism." T`oung Pao 通報 68, no. 4 (1982): 181-220.
Lu, Cheng 呂澂. ""Fo Jiao Yan Jiu Fa" 佛教研究法." In "Xian Dai Fo Jiao Xue Shu Cong Kan" 現代佛教學術叢刊, edited by Man-tau Chang, 201 - 308. Taipei, Taiwan: Dacheng wenhua, 1978.
———. ""Xuanzang Fashi Lue Chuan" 玄奘法師略傳." In "Xian Dai Fo Jiao Xue Shu Cong Kan" 現代佛教學術叢刊, 1-9. Taipei, Taiwan: Dacheng wenhua, 1980.
———. "Yin Ming Ru Zheng Li Lun Jiang Jie" 因明入正理論講解. Taipei, Taiwan: Darchen Publishing, 2003.
———. "Zhong Guo Fo Xue Yuan Liu Lue Lun" 中國佛學源流略論. Taipei, Taiwan: Darchen Publishing, 2003.
Makeham, John. Transforming Consciousness: Yogācāra Thought in Modern China. Oxford University Press (UK), 2014.
Mei, Guang-xi 梅光羲. ""Xiang Zong Xin Jiu Liang Yi Bu Tong Lun" 相宗新舊兩譯不同論." In "Xian Dai Fo Jiao Xue Shu Cong Kan" 現代佛教學術叢刊, edited by Man-tau Chang, 89 - 96. Taipei, Taiwan: Dacheng wenhua, 1978.
Mou, Zong-san 牟宗三. "Fo Xing Yu Ban Ruo Shang" 佛性與般若 上 "Mou Zong San Xian Sheng Quan Ji" 牟宗三先生全集. Vol. 3: Linking Publishing, 2003.
———. "Fo Xing Yu Ban Ruo Xia" 佛學與般若 下. "Mou Zong San Xian Sheng Quan Ji" 牟宗三先生全集 Vol. 4: Linking Publishing 2003.
Muller, A. Charles, ed. "Digital Dictionary of Buddhism." http://www.buddhism-dict.net/ddb/, 2019.
Mun, Chan-ju. The History of Doctrinal Classification in Chinese Buddhism: A Study of the Panjiao System. University Press of America, 2006.
Ni, Liang-Kang 倪梁康. ""Wang Ken Tang Ji Qi Bashi Guiju Jijie" 王肯堂及其八识规矩集解." "Zhong shan daxue xuebao (shehui kexue ban)" 中山大学学报 (社会科学版), no. 2 (2015): 96-123.
Noriaki, HAKAMAYA 袴谷憲昭, and ARAI Hiroaki 荒井裕明. "Daijō Shōgon Kyōron" 大乘莊嚴經論. Vol. Daizō shuppan, Tōkyō1993.
Ouyang, Jing-wu 歐陽竟無. Cheng Weishi Lun-Cangyao Critical Edition 成唯識論-藏要校正本. Taipei: Fang guang wen hua, 2011.
Pan, Zhi-gang 潘志刚. "The Research of Wang Kentang`s Yu Gang Zhai Bi Chen 王肯堂郁冈斋笔麈研究." Central China Normal University, 2016.
Pye, Michael. "Syncretism Versus Synthesis." Method & Theory in the Study of Religion 6, no. 1-4 (1994): 217-29.
Qian, Qian-yi 錢謙益. "Qian Mu Zhai Quan Ji" 錢牧齋全集. Shanghai guji chu ban she, 2003.
———. ""Yiyu Fashi Taming" 一雨法師塔銘." In "Muzhai chuxue ji" 牧齋初學集Wiki Library, 1643.
Sadakata, Akira 定方晟. Buddhist Cosmology : Philosophy and Origins. 1st English ed. Tokyo: Kosei Pub. Co., 1997.
Sangpo, Gelong Lodrö. Abhidharmakośa Bhāṣya of Vasubandhu Vol. I. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass publishers, 2012.
Shi, Ci-yi, ed 釋慈怡主編. "Foguang Buddhist Dictionary" 佛光大辭典. Taipei hsien, Taiwan: Foguang Cultural Enterprise Co., Ltd., 1988.
Shi, Ren-you 釋仁宥. ""Diun Zong Nan Dao Pai Chuqi Xin Yi Shi Si Xiang Chu Tan- Yi Fashang Shi Di Lun Yi Shu Wei Zhong Xin" 地論宗南道派初期心意識思想初探-以法上十地論義疏為中心." Yuan Kuang Buddhist Institute, 1998.
Shi, Sheng-yen 釋聖嚴. ""Ming Mo De Weishi Xue Zhe Ji Qi Si Xiang" 明末的唯識學者及其思想." Chung-Hwa Buddhist Journal 中華佛學學報, no. 1 (1987): 1 - 41.
———. ""Ming Mo Zhong Guo De Chan Zong Ren Wu Ji Qi Te Se" 明末中國的禪宗人物及其特色." Hwakang Buddhist Journal 華岡佛學學報, no. 7 (1984): 1-62.
Shi, Sheng-yen 釋聖嚴著, and Shih-chien Guan 關世謙譯. "Ming Mo Zhong Guo Fo Jiao Zhi Yan Jiu" 明末中國佛教之研究. Dharma Drum Publishing, 2009.
Shi, Yin-shun 釋印順. "She Dasheng Lun Jiangji" 攝大乘論講記. Taipei: Zhengwen chubanshe, 2000.
Smith, Wilfred Cantwell. The Meaning and End of Religion. Harper & Row, 1963.
Tachikawa, Musashi. "A Sixth-Century Manual of Indian Logic." Journal of Indian Philosophy 1, no. 2 (1971): 111-45.
Teng, Wei-jen 鄧偉仁. "Medieval Chinese Buddhist Exegesis and Chinese Grammatical Studies 漢傳佛教注疏與中古漢語文法學." Taiwan Journal of Buddhist Studies 臺大佛學研究, no. 28 (2014): 105-42.
Tsai, Yen-zen 蔡彥仁. "The Theory of Practice of Religious Sycretism: The Case of Early Christianity 宗教融合的理論與實踐：以早期基督教為例." Taiwan Journal of Religious Studies 臺灣宗教研究 4, no. 2 (2005): 159-203.
Ueda, Yoshifumi 上田義文. "Two Main Streams of Thought in Yogācāra Philosophy." Philosophy East and West 17, no. 1/4 (1967): 155-65.
Welter, Albert. Yongming Yanshou`s Conception of Chan in the Zongjing Lu: A Special Transmission within the Scriptures. Oxford University Press, 2011.
Wu, Jiang 吳疆. Enlightenment in Dispute: The Reinvention of Chan Buddhism in Seventeenth-Century China. Oxford University Press, 2008.
Wu, Pei-yi 吳佩怡. "The Spiritual Autobiography of Te-Ch`ing." In The Unfolding of Neo-Confucianism, edited by Theodore De Bary W.M.et al., 67-92. New York: Columbia University Press, 1975.
Xuanzang, Louis de La Vallée Poussin, Sangpo Lodrö, Chödrön Migme, and Alexander Leonhard Mayer. Vijñapati-Mātratā-Siddhi : A Commentary (Cheng Weishi Lun) on Vasubandhu`s Triṃśikā. Delhi Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited, 2017.
Yang, Chih-chang 楊志常. "The Contrast of Late Ming Weishi Commentaries and Edo Weishi Commentaries on Xuanzang’s Guan Suoyuanyuan Lun." Taiwan Journal of Buddhist Studies 臺大佛學研究, no. 34 (2017): 29-86.
———. "Is “Vijñaptimātra” Ontological or Epistemological Idealism?". Satyabhisamaya: A Buddhist Studies Quarterly 正觀, no. 77 (2016): 113-66.
Yang, Wei-zhong 楊維中. ""Mingdai Putai Xi Gaoyuan Mingyu Xi Weishi Xue Chuan Cheng Kao" 明代普泰系、高原明昱系唯識學傳承考." In "Jue Qun Fo Xue" 覺群佛學, edited by Jue-Xing Shi. Beijing: Zong jiao wen hua, 2012.
———. ""Mingdai Weishi Xue Huayan Zong Dashi Gaoyuan Mingyu Xingli Ji Qi Gong Xian Kao Shu" 明代唯识学、华严宗大师高原明昱行历及其贡献考述." Studies in World Religions 世界宗教研究, no. 2 (2017).
———. "Zhong Guo Wei Shi Zong Tong Shi" 中國唯識宗通史. Nanjing, China: Feng huang chu ban she, 2008.
Yokoyama, Kōitsu橫山紘一著, and Yang-Zhu Xu許洋主譯. "Weishi Si Xiang Ru Men" 唯識思想入門. Taipei, Taiwan: Dong da chu ban she, 2002.
Yu, Chun-fang 于君方. "Chu-Hung and Lay Buddhism in the Late Ming." In The Unfolding of Neo-Confucianism, edited by William Theodore De Bary, 1975.
———. The Renewal of Buddhism in China: Chu-Hung and the Late Ming Synthesis. Columbia University Press, 1981.
Yu, Ling-po 于凌波. "Ba Shi Gui Ju Song Jiang Ji" 八識規矩頌講記. Taipei, Taiwan: Buddha Educational Foundation, 1996.
Yu, Ying-shih 余英時. "Intellectualism and Anti-Intellectualism in Chinese Intellectual History ". In Chinese History and Culture: Seventeenth Century through Twentieth Century, edited by Yu-Ying-shih: Columbia University Press, 2016.
———. "Some Preliminary Observations on the Rise of of Qing Confucian Intellectualism." In Chinese History and Culture: Seventeenth Century through Twentieth Century, edited by Ying-shih Yu: Columbia University Press, 2016.
———. "Toward an Interpretation of the Intellectual Transition in Seventeenth-Century China." Journal of the American Oriental Society 100, no. 2 (1980): 115-25.
Zhang, Zhi-qiang 張志強. ""Weishi Si Xiang Yu Wan Ming Weishi Xue Yan Jiu" 唯識思想與晚明唯識學研究." In "Zhong Guo Fo Jiao Xue Shu Lun Dian" 中國佛教學術論典: Fo Guang Shan Foundation for Buddhist Cutlure & Education 2001.
Zhou, Shu-jia 周叔迦. ""Zhong Guo Fo Xue Shi" 中國佛學史." In "Zhou Shu Jia Fo Xue Lun Zhu Quan Ji" 周叔迦佛學論著全集, edited by Sen Li. Beijing, China: Zhonghua Book Company, 2006. |
| Description: | 博士
國立政治大學
宗教研究所
104156501 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0104156501 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| DOI: | 10.6814/NCCU201901314 |
| Appears in Collections: | [宗教研究所] 學位論文
|
Files in This Item:
| File |
Size | Format | |
|---|
| 650101.pdf | 4244Kb | Adobe PDF2 | 174 | View/Open |
|
All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.
|
