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    Title: 歐巴馬政府對德國政策之研究(2009-2017)
    A Study of Obama’s German Policy (2009-2017)
    Authors: 謝佳蓁
    Hsieh, Chia-Chen
    Contributors: 盧業中
    LU, Yeh-Chung
    謝佳蓁
    Hsieh, Chia-Chen
    Keywords: 霸權穩定理論
    歐巴馬
    對外政策
    美德關係
    德國定位
    Date: 2020
    Issue Date: 2020-03-02 11:29:59 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 美國與德國的從屬關係在二戰後即確立,美國的經濟援助與安全承諾形塑 歐洲盟國對於美國利益與價值觀之認同,使其得以在歐洲發揮領導力與影響力。 如今,美國在二戰後建立之自由經濟、政治與安全秩序面臨挑戰。在面對日益脆弱的全球秩序,跨大西洋夥伴關係必須有所調整以因應未來的挑戰。

    歐巴馬對外採取緊縮政策,減少承諾與義務來降低維護國際地位之成本。 美國在全球事務的參與上更具選擇性,這也意味著區域強權德國將因霸權的期望而承擔更多的任務和責任。德國對外政策從克制轉趨積極,擴大參與全球事務以協助美國穩定全球秩序。

    表面上,美國與德國在國際場域是平等關係。在全球層次,德國視自身為 國際秩序的穩定者。在區域層次,德國是歐洲危機處理的領導者。惟在美國看來,美國與德國仍是不對等關係,從屬國遵從霸權的指示,區域與全球動態仍為霸權所掌控,使得從屬國對外行為不脫離霸權制定的框架。在全球層面,德國是責任承擔國。在區域層面,德國是霸權利益代理人,維護美國在歐洲區域的核心利益,鞏固美國的霸權地位。美國從幕前轉為幕後,涉及歐洲區域的外交、軍事、經濟層面均可見美國的身影,美國並非不在,而是無所不在。
    Reference: 壹、 中文文獻
    一、 專書
    Christopher Layne著,孫建中譯,和平的幻想:1940年以來的美國大戰略(北京:北京大學,2009年)。
    Derek Chollet著,林添貴譯,美國該走的路(新北:八旗文化,2017年)。
    Glenn Greenwald著,林添貴譯,政府正在監控你 : 史諾登揭密(台北:時報出版,2014年)。
    Josef Joffe著,蔡東杰譯,美國的帝國誘惑(台北:博雅書屋,2011年)。
    Joseph S. Nye著,蔡東杰譯,美國霸權的矛盾與未來(台北:左岸文化,2008年)。
    Joseph S. Nye著,劉華譯,美國注定領導世界:美國權力性質的變遷(北京:中國人民,2012年)。
    Joseph S. Nye著,李靜宜譯,權力大未來:軍事力、經濟力、網路力、巧實力的全球主導(台北:天下遠見,2011年)。
    Robert Gilpin著,宋新寧、杜建平譯,世界政治中的戰爭與變革(上海:上海人民,2007年)。
    Robert O. Keohane著,蘇長和、信強、何曜譯,霸權之後:世界政治經濟中的合作與紛爭(上海:上海人民,2012年)。
    Zbigniew Brzezinski著,高德源譯,美國的危機與轉機(台北:左岸文化,2008年)。
    包宗和,國際關係理論(台北:五南,2011年)。
    包宗和、張登及,國際關係理論入門(台北:五南,2018年)。
    倪世雄,當代國際關係理論(台北:五南,2003年)。
    郭秋慶,歐洲國家的外交與安全政策(台北:台灣國際研究學會,2006年)。
    陳勁,歐盟外交政策與對外關係(台北:五南,2012年)。
    張亞中、張登及,國際關係總論(台北:揚智,2016年)。
    張亞中,歐盟全球戰略與對外關係(台北:經典文化,2006年)。
    黃平、鄭秉文,美國研究報告:中美關係中的第三方因素(北京:社會科學文獻:2014年)。
    鄭春榮、李樂曾,德國發展報告(2012)(北京:社會科學文獻,2012年)。
    鄭春榮、伍慧萍,德國發展報告(2014)(北京:社會科學文獻,2014年)。

    二、 期刊論文
    王啟明,「霸權體系的維繫:美國在波士尼亞內戰與科索沃戰爭中角色之比較」,全球政治評論,第30期(2010年),頁37-68。
    呂光耀,「川普主政下的美國霸權角色探討」,國防雜誌,第33卷第1期
    (2018年),頁47-67。
    宋興洲,「國際合作理論與亞太區域經濟」,問題與研究,第36卷第3期
    (1997年),頁27-59。
    陳欣之,「全球天下觀:由平面到球型的國際秩序面貌」,政治學報,第60期(2015年),頁1-20。
    陳欣之,「單極體系的形成、維繫與轉換」,問題與研究,第45卷第2期
    (2006年),頁111-140。
    陳欣之,「國際體系層級的建構與霸權統治」,問題與研究,第46卷第2期(2007年),頁23-52。
    陳欣之,「霸權治理的省思:權力消長與權威起伏」,問題與研究,第49卷第1期(2010年),頁59-85。
    陳欣之,「崛起、挑戰與承繼霸權-崛起強權參與建構國際制度過程的觀察」,問題與研究,第50卷第4期(2011年),頁63-88。
    許書豪,「試論金德伯格的國際政治經濟學思想」,台灣國際研究季刊,第 7卷第2期(2011年),頁129-153。
    黃子哲,「從東帝汶獨立運動探討美國的干預主義:一個霸權穩定論的觀點」,問題與研究,第41卷第3期(2002年),頁83-107。
    葛漢文,「退向未來:冷戰後德國地緣政治思想爭議」,歐洲研究,第4期
    (2011年),頁120-139。
    楊永明,「美國亞太安全戰略之理論分析」,美歐季刊,第12卷第3期(1997年),頁35-71。
    鄭端耀,「國際關係新自由制度主義理論之評析」,問題與研究,第36卷第12 期(1997年),頁1-22。
    廖顯謨、張凱銘,「歐巴馬政府的亞太政策:門戶開放下的超區域霸權戰略」,全球政治評論,第42期(2013年),頁 63-90。
    樊吉社,「歐巴馬主義:美國外交的戰略調適」,外交評論,第1期(2015年),頁69-86。
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    賴文儀,「十二個主要國家回應美國霸權之實證研究:2011年擊殺賓拉登事件」,問題與研究,第52卷第4期(2013年),頁71-100。
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    魏光啟,「歐美同盟的域外行動剖析」,歐洲研究,第6期(2011年),頁78-94。
    叢培影,「霸權維繫條件及對其制衡的意義:以美國為例」,中國與國際關係學刊,第2期(2015年),頁117-131。

    三、 學位論文
    田聰,「論歐巴馬政府對歐政策的調整」,外交學院碩士論文,2011年6月。

    四、 網路資源
    (一) 官方網站
    經濟部國際合作處,「德國經長:美歐TTIP已成死局,但支持加歐CETA」,2016年8月29, https://www.moea.gov.tw/MNS/ietc/bulletin/Bulletin.aspx? kind=29&html=1&menu_id=17129&bull_id=2622

    (二) 新聞報導
    上報,「盟友不應彼此監控:梅克爾否認知情德國助美監控歐洲」,2017年2月17日,https://www.upmedia.mg/news_info.php?SerialNo=12328
    中國時報,「歐巴馬跨兩洋恐落空」,2016年5月5日,
    https://www.chinatimes.com/newspapers/20160505000525-260109?chdtv
    法國國際廣播電台,「德國數十萬人上街反對TTIP」,2016年9月17日,
    http://www.rfi.fr/tw/政治/20160917-德國數十萬人上街反對ttip
    端傳媒,「德國經濟部長:TTIP協商已失敗,英國脫歐後不能享受歐盟好
    處」,2016年8月29日,https://theinitium.com/article/20160829-dailynews-German-vice-chancellor-Brexit/
    轉角國際,「曲終人散的戰略:在「德美同盟」出現裂痕後」,2018年7月9日,https://global.udn.com/global_vision/story/8663/3242786
    轉角國際,「美國基地大撤退?近半德國人支持美軍再見」,2018年7月13日,https://global.udn.com/global_vision/story/8662/3250424
    關鍵評論,「史諾登事件後美持續監聽盟友 以色列總理列榜首」,2015年12月31日,https://www.thenewslens.com/article/33650

    貳、 英文文獻
    一、 專書
    Deudney, Daniel & Ikenberry, G. John, Realism, Structural Liberalism, and the Western Order (N.Y. : Columbia University Press, 1999).
    Gilpin, Robert, The Political Economy of International Relations (N.J. : Princeton University Press, 1987).
    Gilpin, Robert, War and Change in World Politics (N.Y. : Cambridge University Press, 1981).
    Haass, Richard, Foreign Policy begins at Home: The Case for Putting America’s House in Order (N.Y. : Basic Books, 2013).
    Ikenberry, G. John, After Victory: Institutions, Strategic Restraint, and the Rebuilding of Order after Major Wars (N.J. : Princeton University Press, 2001).
    Katzenstein, Peter J., Tamed Power: Germany in Europe (N.Y. : Cornell University Press, 1996).
    Kaul, Inge ; Grunberg, Isabelle ; Stern, Marc A, Global Public Goods: International Cooperation in the 21st Century (N.Y. : Oxford University Press, 1999).
    Keohane, Robert O., After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy (N.J. : Princeton University Press, 1984).
    Kindleberger, Charles P., The World in Depression, 1929-1939 (Calif. : University of California Press, 1973).
    Sharma, Dinesh & Gielen Uwe P., The Global Obama : Crossroads of Leadership in the 21st Century, (N.Y. : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2014)

    二、 期刊論文
    Behnke, Andreas, “The Politics of Geopolitik in Post-Cold War Germany”, Geopolitics, Vol. 11, Issue 3 (2006), pp. 396-419.
    Bulmer, Simon & Paterson, William E., “ Germany and the European Union: from Tamed Power to Normalized Power? ”, International Affairs, Vol. 86, Issue 5 (2010), pp. 1051-1073
    Drezner, Daniel W., “Does Obama Have a Grand Strategy? Why We Need Doctrines in Uncertain Times ”, Foreign Affairs, Vol. 90, Issue 4 (2011), pp. 57-68.
    Engelen, Klaus, “Europe`s Sputnik”, The International Economy, Vol. 27, Issue 4 (2013), pp. 60-65.
    Haass, Richard, “The Case for Sovereign Obligation”, Foreign Affairs, Vol. 96, Issue 1 (2017), pp. 2-9.
    Hachigian, Nina & Shorr, David, “The Responsibility Doctrine”, The Washington Quarterly, Vol. 36, Issue 1 (2013), pp. 73-91.
    Ikenberry, G. John, “America‘s Liberal Hegemony”, Current History, Vol. 98 (1999), pp. 23-28.
    Ikenberry, G. John, “Getting Hegemony Right”, The National Interest, Vol. 63 (2001), pp. 17-24.
    Ikenberry, G. John, “Institutions, Strategic Restraint, and the Persistence of American Postwar Order”, International Security, Vol. 23, Issue 3 (1998), pp. 43-78.
    Ikenberry, G. John, & Kupchan, Charles, “Socialization and Hegemonic Power”, International Organization, Vol. 44, Issue 3 (1990), pp. 283-315.
    Ikenberry, G. John, “The Illusion of Geopolitics: The Enduring Power of the Liberal Order”, Foreign Affairs, Vol. 93, Issue 3 (2014), pp. 80-90.
    Kindleberger, Charles P., “Dominance and Leadership in the International Economy: Exploitation, Public Goods and Free Rides”, International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 25, No. 2, June 1981, pp. 242-254.
    Krasner, Stephen D., “State Power and the Structure of International Trade”, World Politics, Vol. 28, Issue 3 (1976) , pp. 317-347
    Lijphart, Arend, “Comparative Politics and the Comparative Method”, The American Political Science Review, Vol. 65, Issue 3 (1971), pp. 682-693.
    Lundestad, Geir, “Empire by Invitation? The United States and Western Europe, 1945-1952”, Journal of Peace Research, Vol. 23, Issue 3 (1986), pp. 263-277.
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    Obama, Barack, “Renewing American Leadership”, Foreign Affairs, Vol. 86, Issue 4 (2007), pp. 2-16.
    Rose, Gideon, “What Obama Gets Right: Keep Calm and Carry the Liberal Order On”, Foreign Affairs, Vol. 94, Issue 5 (2015), pp. 2-15.
    Steinmeier, Frank-Walter, “Germany`s new global role: Berlin steps up”, Foreign Affairs, Vol. 95, Issue 4 (2016), pp. 106-113.

    三、 官方文件
    European Commission, “Eurobarometer 83: Public Opinion in the European Union”, 2015/07, https://ec.europa.eu/commfrontoffice/publicopinion/index.cfm/Survey/getSurveyDetail/instruments/STANDARD/surveyKy/2099
    North Atlantic Treaty Organization, “Defence Expenditures of NATO Countries (2011-2018)”, 2018/7/10, https://www.nato.int/nato_static_fl2014/assets/pdf/pdf_2018_07/20180709_180710-pr2018-91-en.pdf
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    Obama, Barack & Biden, Joe, “A Stronger Partnership with Europe for a Safer America”, 2009/04, https://zh.scribd.com/document/6245758/Barack-Obama-Joe-Biden-A-Stronger-Partnership-with-Europe-for-a-Safer-America#download
    U.S Department of Defense, “Military and Civilian Personnel by Service/Agency by State/Country”, 2016/12, https://www.dmdc.osd.mil/appj/dwp/dwp_reports.jsp

    四、 智庫報告
    Chollet D., David-Wilp S., Donfried K., Schwarzer D., Tausendfreund R., “Longstanding Partners in Changing Times: Report of the Task Force on the Future of German-American Relations”, GMF, 2015/05/29, http://www.gmfus.org/publications/longstanding-partners-changing-times
    Fleurant A., Kuimova A., Tian N., Wezeman P., and Wezeman S., “Trends in world military expenditure, 2018”, SIPRI, 2019/04, https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/2019-04/fs_1904_milex_2018.pdf
    Kaim, Markus & Stelzenmüller, Constanze, “New Power New Responsibility: Elements of A German Foreign and Security Policy for A Changing World”, SWP & GMF, 2013/10/17, http://www.gmfus.org/publications/new-power-new-responsibility-elements-german-foreign-and-security-policy-changing-world
    Stokes, Bruce, “Germany and the United States: Reliable Allies, but Disagreement on Russia, Global Leadership and Trade”, Pew Research Center, 2015/05/07,
    https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2015/05/07/germany-and-the-united-states-reliable-allies/

    五、 網路資源
    (一) 官方網站
    •European Commission, “Eurobarometer 83: Public Opinion in the European Union”, 2015/07, https://ec.europa.eu/commfrontoffice/publicopinion/index.cfm/Survey/getSurveyDetail/instruments/STANDARD/surveyKy/2099.
    •European Commission, “Independent study outlines benefits of EU-US tradeagreement”, 2013/03/12, https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/MEMO_13_211.
    •German Foreign Ministry, Bilateral Relations with United States of America, accessed: October 1, 2019, https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/de/aussenpolitik/laender/usa-node/bilateral/204568.
    •The White House, “President Obama Hosts Chancellor Angela Merkel of Germany, One of Our Strongest Allies”, 2015/02/09, https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2015/02/09/president-obama-hosts-chancellor-angela-merkel-germany-one-our-strongest-allies
    •The White House, “Remarks by President Obama and German Chancellor Merkel in Joint Press Conference”, 2014/05/02, https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2014/05/02/remarks-president-obama-and-german-chancellor-merkel-joint-press-confere
    •The White House, “Remarks by President Obama in Address to the People of Europe”, 2016/04/25, https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2016/04/25/remarks-president-obama-address-people-europe
    •The White House, “Remarks by the President at the Air Force Academy Commencement”, speech by Barack Obama, 2012/05/23, https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2012/05/23/remarks-president-air-force-academy-commencement
    •The World Bank, “GDP (current US$) in 2018”, accessed: September 30, 2019, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?most_recent_value_desc=true
    •The World Bank, “Military expenditure (% of GDP) in 2018”, accessed: September 30, 2019, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/MS.MIL.XPND.GD.ZS?locations=SK-BG-BE-BO-EU&most_recent_year_desc=false&view=map&year=2009
    •U.S. Department of State, “Foreign Policy Address at the Council on Foreign Relations”, speech by Hillary Rodham Clinton, Secretary of State, Washington DC, 2009/07/15, https://2009-2017.state.gov/secretary/20092013clinton/rm/2009a/july/126071.htm
    •U.S Department of State, “Joint Press Availability with German Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier”, speech by John Kerry, 2015/09/20, https://2009-2017.state.gov/secretary/remarks/2015/09/247077.htm
    •U.S Department of State, “Remarks at Munich Security Conference”, speech by John Kerry, 2014/02/01, https://2009-2017.state.gov/secretary/remarks/2014/02/221134.htm
    •U.S Department of State, “Remarks at the Munich Security Conference Panel
    Discussion”, speech by John Kerry, 2015/02/08, https://2009-2017.state.gov/secretary/remarks/2015/02/237298.htm
    •U.S Department of State, “Remarks at the 2016 Munich Security Conference”, speech by John Kerry, 2016/02/13, https://2009-2017.state.gov/secretary/remarks/2016/02/252486.htm
    •U.S Department of State, “Travels of the President Barack Obama”, accessed: October 20, 2019,
    https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/travels/president/obama-barack
    •U.S Department of State, “Travels of the President Barack Obama in Germany”, accessed: October 20, 2019, https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/travels/president/germany
    •U.S Department of State, “Visits By Foreign Leaders of Germany”, accessed: October 20, 2019, https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/visits/germany
    •U.S Department of State, “U.S. Relations With Germany”, accessed: August 27, 2019, https://www.state.gov/u-s-relations-with-germany/

    (二) 智庫
    •AICGS, “100 Days After Obama’s Inauguration”, workshop speeches which hosted by AICGS and the NRW School of Governance at the University Duisburg-Essen in Washington DC, 2009/04/17, https://www.aicgs.org/events/2009/04/100-days-after-obama’s-inauguration/
    •Fix, Liana, “Has Germany Led the West’s Response toward Russia…and Will It Stay the Course?”, AICGS, 2015/12/31, https://www.aicgs.org/publication/has-germany-led-the-wests-response-toward-russia/
    •Fröhlich, Stefan, “Germany Cannot Replace the US, But Europe Can Live with Trump”, Center for Transnational Relations, 2017/02, https://archive.transatlanticrelations.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/0217_Frolich_CTR.pdf
    •Janes, Jackson, “Germany’s Policy Preoccupations: Taking Stock Ahead of the German Foreign Policy Review”, AICGS, 2015/02/24, https://www.aicgs.org/2015/02/germanys-policy-preoccupations/
    •Janning, Josef, “Germany’s Summer of Discontent on Foreign Policy”, European Council on Foreign Relations, 2014/07/30, https://www.ecfr.eu/article/germanys_summer_of_discontent_on_foreign_policy
    •Larres, Klaus, “Obama and Europe”, AICGS Advisor, 2010/04, http://klauslarres.academia.edu/KlausLarres/Papers
    •Schmitt, Gary & Gedmin, Jeffrey, “Europe in crisis: After Turkey, Nice, and Brexit, can Germany lead the way?”, AEI, 2016/07/21, http://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2016/07/21/europe-in-crisis-after-turkey-nice-and-brexit-can-germany-lead-way.html
    •Schwarzer, Daniela ; Forbrig, Joerg ; Szabo, Stephen F., “Merkel’s Year of Crisis Leadership”, 2015/12/10, GMF, http://www.gmfus.org/blog/2015/12/10/merkel%E2%80%99s-year-crisis-leadership
    •Shearer, Andrew, “Can America still rely on its allies?”, CSIS, 2016/12/15, https://www.csis.org/analysis/can-america-still-rely-its-allies
    •Stelzenmüller, Constanze, “A Newly Confident and Audacious Germany”, Brookings Institute, 2016/07/18, https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2016/07/18/a-newly-confident-and-audacious-germany/
    •Szabo, Stephen F., “ Living Without Obama: Reflections on the State of German-American Relations”, GMF, 2016/11/01, http://www.gmfus.org/blog/2016/11/01/living-without-obama-reflections-state-german-american-relations
    •Szabo, Stephen F., “Mars vs. Mercury: Germany, America, and the Global Order”, GMF, 2014/09/30, http://www.gmfus.org/commentary/mars-vs-mercury-germany-america-and-global-order
    •Szabo, Stephen F., “Obama’s Berlin Speech Delivered the Right Message”, GMF, 2013/06/25, http://www.gmfus.org/blog/2013/06/25/obama%E2%80%99s-berlin-speech-delivered-right-message

    (三) 線上文章
    •Freedman, Lawrence, “A Subversive on a Hill”, The National Interest, 2009/05, https://nationalinterest.org/article/a-subversive-on-a-hill-3096
    •Goldberg, Jeffrey, “The Obama Doctrine”, The Atlantic, 2016/04, https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2016/04/the-obama-doctrine/471525/.
    •Larres, Klaus, “Obama`s Mixed Foreign-Policy Balance Sheet”, The National Interest, 2016/10/18, https://nationalinterest.org/feature/obamas-mixed-foreign-policy-balance-sheet-18089
    •Nye, Joseph, “The Danger of a Weak Europe”, Project Syndicate, 2016/01/06, https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/danger-of-a-week-europe-by-joseph-s--nye-2016-01?barrier=accesspaylog

    (四) 新聞報導
    •Brinkbäumer, Klaus, “Loosening Up: A More Equal German-American Relationship”, Der Spiegel, 2013/06/26, https://www.spiegel.de/international/world/essay-obama-visit-showed-changing-us-german-relationship-a-907906.html
    •Eacho, William C., Speech at Diplomatic Academy Vienna, 2009/11/10, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Uy2TusxF30
    •Entous, Adam & Yadron, Danny, “U.S. Spy Net on Israel Snares Congress”, The Wall Street Journal, 2015/12/29, https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-spy-net-on-israel-snares-congress-1451425210
    •Kennedy, Paul, “American Power Is on the Wane”, The Wall Street Journal, 2009/01/14, https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB123189377673479433
    •Knigge, Michael, “Worst crisis in U.S.-German relations since WW II”, Deutsche Welle, 2014/07/14, https://www.dw.com/en/worst-crisis-in-us-german-relations-since-ww-ii/a-17784707
    •Merkel, Angela, “We Have No Time to Lose”, Der Spiegel, 2009/11/04, https://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/angela-merkel-s-speech-we-have-no-time-to-lose-a-659196.html
    •Obama, Barack, “A World That Stands As One”, CNN, 2008/07/24, http://edition.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/07/24/obama.words/
    •Obama, Barack, “President Obama: The TPP would let America, not China, lead the way on global trade”, The Washington Post, 2016/05/02, http://edition.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/07/24/obama.words/
    •“The Reluctant Hegemon”, The Economist, 2013/06/15, https://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21579456-if-europes-economies-are-recover-germany-must-start-lead-reluctant-hegemon

    參、 德文文獻
    一、 官方文件
    Die Bundesregierung, “Deutschlands Zukunft gestalten, Koalitionsvertrag zwischen CDU, CSU und SPD”, 18. Legislaturperiode, 2013/11/27, https://www.cdu.de/sites/default/files/media/dokumente/koalitionsvertrag.pdf.
    Die Bundesregierung, “Globalisierung gestalten- Partnerschaften ausbauen-Verantwortung teilen: Konzept der Bundesregierung”, Auswärtiges Amt, 2012/02, https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/blueprint/servlet/blob/216964/09ff755d2f1ba268ce4ebc580da0082c/gestaltungsmaechtekonzept-dt-data.pdf
    Die Bundesregierung, “Weißbuch 2016: Zur Sicherheitspolitik und zur Zukunft der Bundeswehr”, Bundesministerium der Verteidigung, 2016/07, https://www.bmvg.de/resource/blob/13708/015be272f8c0098f1537a491676bfc31/weissbuch2016-barrierefrei-data.pdf

    二、 智庫報告
    Bendiek, Annegret, “Der Review 2014: Grundpfeiler deutscher Außenpolitik und weltweite Erwartungen”, IFRI, 2015/5/29, https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/atoms/files/ndc_123_bendiek_de.pdf
    Bluth, Christian, “Einstellungen zum globalen Handel und TTIP in Deutschland und den USA”, Bertelsmann Stiftung, 2016, https://www.bertelsmann-stiftung.de/fileadmin/files/BSt/Publikationen/GrauePublikationen/NW_Einstellungen_globaler_Handel_und_TTIP.pdf

    三、 網路資源
    (一) 官方網站
    •Das Auswärtige Amt, “Es wird zu Recht von uns erwartet, dass wir uns einmischen”, 2014/01/30, https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/de/newsroom/140130-bm-sz/259516
    •Das Auswärtige Amt, “ Grundprinzipien deutscher Außenpolitik”, 2019/10/9, https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/de/aussenpolitik/themen/grundprinzipien/216474
    •Das Auswärtige Amt, “Rede von Guido Westerwelle vor dem Deutschen Bundestag”, 2010/01, https://www.auswaertigesamt.de/de/newsroom/100120-bm-bundestag/219396
    •Die Bundesregierung, “Regierungserklärung von Bundeskanzlerin Merkel vor dem
    •Deutschen Bundestag”, 2014/01/29, https://www.bundeskanzlerin.de/bkin-de/aktuelles/regierungserklaerung-von-bundeskanzlerin-merkel-353564

    (二) 新聞報導
    •“Angela Merkel: Neujahrsansprache”, Tagesschau, 2017/01/01, http://tagesschau.de/neujahrsansprache-merkel-105.pdf
    •Appelbaum J., Rosenbach M., Schindler J., Stark H., “Merkel beschwert sich bei Obama”, Der Spiegel, 2013/10/23, https://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/nsa-merkel-beschwert-sich-bei-obama-a-929636.html
    •Beuth, Patrick, “Alles Wichtige zum NSA-Skandal”, Die Zeit, 2013/10/28, https://www.zeit.de/digital/datenschutz/2013-10/hintergrund-nsa-skandal
    •“Bundesregierung gibt Hunderte Millionen für US-Truppen aus”, Die Zeit, 2019/08/21, https://www.zeit.de/news/2019-08/21/bundesregierung-gibt-hunderte-millionen-fuer-us-truppen-aus
    •Cieschinger A., Demling A., Küpper M., Niesen C., Meiritz A., “Alles über das TTIP-Abkommen - endlich verständlich”, Der Spiegel, 2016/9/16, https://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/ttip-alles-ueber-freihandelsabkommen-zwischen-usa-und-eu-a-1042658.html#sponfakt=1
    •“Gabriel erklärt TTIP für "de facto gescheitert”, Der Spiegel, 2016/8/29, https://www.spiegel.de/wirtschaft/soziales/ttip-sigmar-gabriel-erklaert-verhandlungen-fuer-gescheitert-a-1109807.html
    •Gathmann, Florian & Wittrock, Philipp, “Realitätsschock für die Kanzlerin”, Der Spiegel, 2013/10/24, https://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/nsa-affaere-moeglicher-lauschangriff-auf-handy-weckt-merkel-auf-a-929829.html
    •Heilbrunn, Jacob, “Deutschland und die USA verbindet weit mehr als sie trennt”, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Auswärtige Politik e.V., 2014/09/01, https://zeitschrift-ip.dgap.org/de/ip-die-zeitschrift/archiv/jahrgang-2014/september-oktober/her-mit-der-charmeoffensive
    •“Joachim Gauck: Die Freiheit in der Freiheit gestalten”, Tagesspiegel, 2013/10/03, https://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/gaucks-rede-im-wortlaut-die-freiheit-in-der-freiheit-gestalten/8881944.html
    •“Merkels Handy steht seit 2002 auf US-Abhörliste”, Der Spiegel, 2013/10/26, https://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/nsa-ueberwachung-merkel-steht-seit-2002-auf-us-abhoerliste-a-930193.html
    •“Militärausgaben von Deutschland von 2001 bis 2018 (in Milliarden US-Dollar)”, Statista Research Department, 2019/04/29, https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/183064/umfrage/militaerausgaben-von-deutschland/
    •Poitras L., Rosenbach Marcel., Stark Holger., “NSA überwacht 500 Millionen Verbindungen in Deutschland”, Der Spiegel, 2013/06/30, https://www.spiegel.de/netzwelt/netzpolitik/nsa-ueberwacht-500-millionen-verbindungen-in-deutschland-a-908517.html
    •“Rede der Bundesministerin der Verteidigung, Dr. Ursula von der Leyen, anlässlich der 50. Münchner Sicherheitskonferenz”, Der Hardthöhenkurier, 2014/01/31, https://www.hardthoehenkurier.de/index.php/news/9-news/352-rede-der-bundesministerin-der-verteidigung-dr-ursula-von-der-leyen-anlaesslich-der-50-muenchner-sicherheitskonferenz
    •Rietzschel, Antonie, “Welche Bedeutung US-Truppen in Deutschland haben”, Die Süddeutsche Zeitung, 2018/06/30, https://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/amerikanische-streitkraefte-welche-bedeutung-us-truppen-in-deutschland-haben-1.4035390
    •Soboczynski, Adam, “Herfried Münkler: Ruf nach Führung”, Die Zeit, 2015/05/07, https://www.zeit.de/2015/19/herfried-muenkler-macht-in-mitte-sachbuch
    •“Steinmeier plädiert für eine aktivere deutsche Krisenpolitik”, Die Zeit, 2014/01/30, https://www.zeit.de/politik/ausland/2014-01/aussenminister-steinmeier-internationale-konflikte
    •“US-Präsident Obama in Berlin: Familie Cool ist in der Stadt”, Der Spiegel,2013/6/18, https://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/barack-obama-ist-in-berlin-und-redet-vor-dem-brandenburger-tor-a-906541.html
    •“US-Streitkräfte in Deutschland - ein Überblick”, Der Mitteldeutsche Rundfunk,2019/8/9, https://www.mdr.de/nachrichten/politik/inland/us-streitkraefte-in-deutschland-standorte-100.html
    •“US-Truppen kosten Bund Hunderte Millionen”, Der ARD, 2019/8/21, https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/usa-truppen-deutschland-kosten-103.html
    •Weingartner, Maximilian, “Nur wenige Deutsche finden TTIP gut”, Die Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 2016/04/21, https://www.faz.net/aktuell/wirtschaft/ttip-und-freihandel/nur-wenige-deutsche-fuer-freihandeslabkommen-ttip-mit-usa-14190518.html
    •Werkhäuser, Nina, “Bundeswehr: Mehr Geld und noch mehr Forderungen”, Deutsche Welle, 2018/07/04, https://www.dw.com/de/bundeswehr-mehr-geld-und-noch-mehr-forderungen/a-44531351
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    外交學系
    106253007
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106253007
    Data Type: thesis
    DOI: 10.6814/NCCU202000216
    Appears in Collections:[外交學系] 學位論文

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