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https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/131921
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| Title: | 注意力平台之商業模式與競爭法議題
Business Model and Competition Law Issues of Attention Platforms |
| Authors: | 邱純慧
Chiu, Chun-Hui |
| Contributors: | 鄭菀瓊
Cheng, Wan-Chiung
邱純慧
Chiu, Chun-Hui |
| Keywords: | 注意力經濟
網路平台
平台管制
使用者鎖定
封鎖效果
網路效應
關鍵設施理論
行為經濟學
推力
零元定價
Attention Economy
Online Platform
Platform Regulation
User lock-in
Foreclosure
Network Effect
Essential Facility
Behavioral Economics
Nudge
Zero Pricing |
| Date: | 2020 |
| Issue Date: | 2020-09-02 13:12:08 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 本研究透過聚焦歐盟、美國、中國之重要平台競爭案例，歸納、整理出現今許多大型網路平台具有「鎖定使用者」、「利用使用者注意力」之特性，因此又有學者將網路平台當中具有此些特性者稱為「注意力平台」。許多網路平台有濫用其平台力量之風險：具體例證則如透過綁定讓使用者未及思索己身擁有之選擇的可能；濫用平台之守門人力量阻礙使用者選擇或接觸其他業者；以平台之槓桿力量將其市場優勢延伸至另一產品或服務市場；透過操縱資訊達成對使用者行為之控制等。
因為上開特性，加上許多注意力平台同時亦採用零元之定價策略，使許多原先競爭法上之管制工具需重新評估，例如 SSNIP 市場測試法並無法套用在定價為零之商品或服務；網路平台輕資產特性使其善於發展範疇經濟、跨市場經營，亦在在使市場界定與企業併購審查有所闕漏。
指出問題後，本研究整理文獻及學者建議，對於重新劃定注意力平台相關市場之議題提出建議；亦嘗試引用關鍵設施理論使平台不至濫用其力量阻礙對手競爭；貫徹分離原則以制衡平台之發展；並探討對於網路注意力平台可行之監管框架。
另外，本研究嘗試引入行為經濟學之觀點，探討注意力平台之現象，以及從行為經濟學與推力理論之角度，從商業角度提出可能之解決方向：釐清注意力作為交易媒介之本質、規劃商業模式；建立商業資料共享機制之生態系，以使資料造成之進入障礙降低；並重新考慮訂閱經濟的可能。
Focusing on the important Internet platform competition cases in the EU, the US, and China, this thesis summarizes and analyses the characteristics of today`s large-scale Internet platforms that "lock in users" and " take advantage of user attention", so some scholars call them "Attention Platform". And there is a risk of them abusing their platform power. Specific examples include: the possibility of hinder users to think about their own choices by bundling and tying selling; abusing the “Gatekeeper Power” to prevent users from choosing or contacting other competitors; using the “Leveraging Power” to extend their market dominate advantage to another product or service market; control user behavior by “Information Exploitation”.
In addition, many attention platforms also adopt a zero price strategy, so that many regulatory tools in traditional competition law need to be re-evaluated. For example, the SSNIP test is not applicable to goods or services with zero price; the development of economies of scope and strategy of diversification are also missing in market definition and merger control review.
After pointing out the problems, this thesis sorts out the studies and scholars` suggestions to make proposals on the following issues: (1) identifying the market definition of attention platform; (2) also trying to elaborate “essential facility” theory on attention platforms so that they may not abuse its power to impede the competition from competitors; (3) implement the principle of separation to balance the development of the giant platform ; (4) and discussing the feasible regulatory framework for online attention platforms.
On the other hand, this thesis attempts to introduce the perspective of behavioral economics and “Nudge” theory to explore attention platform phenomenon and propose solutions in terms of business. Clarify the essence of attention as a transaction medium and plan new business models; establish data sharing system to reduce barriers of entry caused by data; and reconsider the possibility of subscription economy. |
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Department of Justice, Department of Justice and Microsoft Corporation Reach
Effective Settlement on Antitrust Lawsuit, press release (2001/11/02) https://www.justice.gov/archive/atr/public/press_releases/2001/9463.htm
Department of Justice, Justice Department Sues American Express, Mastercard and Visa to Eliminate Rules Restricting Price Competition; Reaches Settlement with Visa and Mastercard, (2010/10/04) https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/justice-department-sues-american-express-mastercard-and-visa-eliminate-rules-restricting
Department of Justice, Antitrust Division Policy Guide to Merger Remedies (October
2004), Available at: https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/atr/legacy/2011/06/16/205108.pdf
Department of Justice, Antitrust Division Policy Guide to Merger Remedies (June 2011), Available at: https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/atr/legacy/2011/06/17/272350.pdf
EUR-Lex, Interinstitutional agreement on better law-making (2016/12/04)
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32003Q1231%2801%29
European Commission, Antitrust: Commission opens investigation into possible anti-competitive conduct of Amazon (2019/07/17) https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_19_4291
European Commission, Antitrust: Commission sends Statement of Objections to Google on comparison shopping service; opens separate formal investigation on Android, European Commission press corner (2015/04/15) https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_15_4780
European Commission, Antitrust: Commission fines Google €4.34 billion for illegal practices regarding Android mobile devices to strengthen dominance of Google`s search engine (2018/07/18) https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_18_4581
Federal Communications Commission, Protecting and Promoting the Open Internet,Federal Register (2015/04/13) https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2015/04/13/2015-07841/protecting-and-promoting-the-open-internet
Federal Communications Commission, Restoring Internet Freedom Order, Federal Communications Commission https://www.fcc.gov/restoring-internet-freedom
Federal Communications Commission, Protecting and Promoting the Open Internet, Federal Register (2015/04/13) https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2015/04/13/2015-07841/protecting-and-promoting-the-open-internet
Federal Trade Commission, The Antitrust Laws, https://www.ftc.gov/tips-
advice/competition-guidance/guide-antitrust-laws/antitrust-laws
公平交易委員會對於相關市場界定之處理原則問答集（2016/09/19）
https://www.ftc.gov.tw/internet/main/doc/docDetail.aspx?uid=1345&docid=13940
四、 翻譯書籍
ANDERSON, CHRIS 著，羅耀宗、蔡慧菁譯，免費！揭開零定價的獲利祕密，天下遠見（2009）
LESSIG, LAWRENCE 著，李旭、沈偉偉譯，代碼2.0：網路空間中的法律（修訂版）
MCGONIGAL, KELLY 著，薛怡心譯，輕鬆駕馭意志力：史丹佛大學最受歡迎的心理素質課，圓神（2012）
MULLAINATHAN, SENDHIL & SHAFIR, ELDAR 著，謝樹寬譯，匱乏經濟學：為什麼老是在趕Deadline？為什麼老是覺得時間和金錢不夠用？遠流（2015）
PARKER, GEOFFREY, VAN ALSTYNE, MARSHALL & CHOUDARY, SANGEET PAUL 著，李芳齡譯，平台經濟模式：從啟動、獲利到成長的全方位攻略，天下雜誌（2016）
SCHUMPETER, JOSEPH ALOIS 著，何畏、易家詳譯，經濟發展理論，左岸文化（2009）
SMITH, BRAD & BROWNE, CAROL ANN 著，孔令新譯，未來科技的 15 道難題，商周（2020）
SURDAK, CHRISTOPHER 著，林奕伶、廖育琳譯，大數據時代的致勝決策：2020年前最重要的6個關鍵策略（2015）
TEPPER, JONATHAN & HEARN, DENISE 著，吳慧珍、曹嬿恆譯，競爭之死（2020）
THALER, RICHARD H. 著，劉怡女譯，不當行為：行為經濟學之父教你更聰明的思考、理財、看世界，先覺（2016）
WU, TIM 著，黃庭敏譯，注意力商人，天下（2018）
WU, TIM 著，顧佳、周佳欣譯，誰控制了總開關，行人文化（2013）
高錫均著，宋佩芬、賴姵瑜譯，推力行銷，商周（2019）
五、 網路資料
（一） 英文部分
Airbnb, What regulations apply to my city? Airbnb Help Center
https://www.airbnb.com/help/article/961/what-regulations-apply-to-my-city?locale=en&_set_bev_on_new_domain=1590890443_YzMyZjI4MzBkZWQ3
Amazon services, How to create a bundle listing with existing products, seller forums,
https://sellercentral.amazon.com/forums/t/how-to-create-a-bundle-listing-with-existing-products/390694
Amsterdam, Airbnb agree new deal to stop illegal rentals, DutchNews.nl (2016/12/01)
https://www.dutchnews.nl/news/2016/12/amsterdam-airbnb-agree-new-deal-to-stop-illegal-rentals/
Android, Choice Screen Auction Options, (2020/02/28)
https://www.android.com/choicescreen-winners/
Apple Inc., Apple and Google partner on COVID-19 contact tracing technology, Apple Newsroom (2020/04/20) https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2020/04/apple-and-google-partner-on-covid-19-contact-tracing-technology/
Basic Attention Token, https://basicattentiontoken.org/
Bhageshpur, Kiran, Data Is The New Oil -- And That`s A Good Thing, Forbes (2019/11/15) https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbestechcouncil/2019/11/15/data-is-the-new-oil-and-thats-a-good-thing/#58235f647304
Booth, Robert and Newling, Dan, Airbnb introduces 90-day annual limit for London hosts, The Guardian (2016/12/01) https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/dec/01/airbnb-introduces-90-day-a-year-limit-for-london-hosts
Brave Software, Basic Attention Token (BAT): Blockchain Based Digital Advertising (2018/03/13)
White paper available at: https://basicattentiontoken.org/wpcontent/uploads/2017/05/BasicAttentionTokenWhitePaper-4.pdf
Bruce Baer Arnold, Social rejection: why Snapchat turned down Facebook’s offer, The Conversation, (2013/11/18) https://theconversation.com/social-rejection-why-snapchat-turned-down-facebooks-offer-20354
Clarke, Roger, "Information Wants to be Free ...", Roger Clarke`s Web-Site (2000/02/24) http://www.rogerclarke.com/II/IWtbF.html
Clement, J., Most popular social networks worldwide 2019, by reach, STATISTA,
https://www.statista.com/statistics/274773/global-penetration-of-selected-social-media-sites/
Collins, Keith, Net Neutrality Has Officially Been Repealed. Here’s How That Could Affect You. The New York Times (2018/06/11) https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/11/technology/net-neutrality-repeal.html
Constine, Josh, Instagram will let you download your content after criticism about portability, TechCrunch (2018/04/12) https://techcrunch.com/2018/04/11/download-your-instagram-photos/
Darrell Etherington, Snapchat Gets Its Own Timeline With Snapchat Stories, 24-Hour Photo & Video Tales, TechCrunch, (2013/10/03) https://techcrunch.com/2013/10/03/snapchat-gets-its-own-timeline-with-snapchat-stories-24-hour-photo-video-tales/
Data Transfer Project, How does DTP Work,
https://datatransferproject.dev/documentatio
the White Paper of DTP: Data Transfer Project Overview and Fundamentals (2018/07/20) https://datatransferproject.dev/dtp-overview.pdf
Del Rey, Jason, Antitrust officials ordered Facebook, Amazon, and other tech giants to disclose 10 years of acquisition documents, Vox (2020/02/11)
https://www.vox.com/recode/2020/2/11/21133308/ftc-big-tech-acquisition-information-request-amazon-apple-google-facebook-microsoft
Entertainment - Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entertainment
Facebook, Why We Disagree With the Bundeskartellamt, Facebook Newsroom (2019/02/07) https://about.fb.com/news/2019/02/bundeskartellamt-order/
Failory, Startup Cemetery – Netscape https://www.failory.com/cemetery/netscape Financial Times, Subscription page- Become an FT subscriber,
https://www.ft.com/products?segmentId=f860e6c2-18af-ab30-cd5e-6e3a456f9265
Finley, Klint, How Facebook has changed computing, WIRED (2019/04/02)
https://www.wired.com/story/how-facebook-has-changed-computing/
Goldhaber, Michael H., Attention Shoppers! WIRED (1997/12/01)
https://www.wired.com/1997/12/es-attention/
Google Ads, https://ads.google.com/home/
Greek Gods and Goddesses, Cronus, https://greekgodsandgoddesses.net/gods/cronus/
Hawkins Andrew J., Lyft users love Uber, but it`s not a two-way street, THE VERGE (2016/04/06) https://www.theverge.com/2016/4/6/11379248/lyft-uber-survey-monkey-intelligence-app-users
Hern, Alex, Vanishing app: Snapchat struggles as Facebook bites back, The Guardian (2017/08/11) https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/aug/11/vanishing-app-snapchat-struggles-as-facebook-bites-back
Herrick, Justin, We know exactly why Windows Phone failed, technobuffalo（2018/05/30）https://www.technobuffalo.com/windows-phone-failure-reason-terry-myerson
Isaac, Mike and Kang,Cecilia, F.T.C. Is Said to Consider an Injunction Against Facebook, The New York Times, (2019/12/19) https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/12/technology/ftc-facebook-injunction.html
Kane, Margaret, Google searches out an e-tail niche, CNET (2006/12/13)
https://www.cnet.com/news/google-searches-out-an-e-tail-niche/
Kang, Cecilia, McCabe, David and Wakabayashi, Daisuke, U.S. Is Said to Plan to File Antitrust Charges Against Google, The New York Times (2020/05/15) https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/15/technology/google-antitrust-investigation.html
Kantrowitz, Alex, Snapchat was `an existential threat` to Facebook — until an 18-year-old developer convinced Mark Zuckerberg to invest in Instagram Stories, BUSINESS INSIDER, (2020/04/07) https://www.businessinsider.com/how-developer-mark-zuckerberg-invented-instagram-stories-copied-snapchat-2020-4
Kastrenakes, Jacob, The FCC just killed net neutrality, THE VERGE (2017/12/14)
https://www.theverge.com/2017/12/14/16776154/fcc-net-neutrality-vote-results-rules-repealed
Kawamoto, Dawn, Google-YouTube merger clears antitrust review, CNET (2006/11/06) https://www.cnet.com/news/google-youtube-merger-clears-antitrust-review/
Kelly, Kevin, Better Than Free, The Edge (2008/02/05)
https://www.edge.org/conversation/better-than-free
Kendall, Brent, Supreme Court Grills Both Sides in States’ Challenge of American Express, The Wall Street Journal (2018/02/26) https://www.wsj.com/articles/supreme-court-grills-both-sides-in-states-challenge-of-american-express-1519689044
Kieran, Damien, Putting people first on data portability, Twitter Blog (2018/07/20)
https://blog.twitter.com/official/en_us/topics/company/2018/putting-people-first-on-data-portability.html
Kinderstart, http://www.kinderstart.com
Lockheimer, Hiroshi, Complying with the EC’s Android decision, Google Blog/ Company News (2018/10/16) https://www.blog.google/around-the-globe/google-europe/complying-ecs-android-decision/
Lomas, Natasha, Airbnb Gets Tourist Tax D’Accord In Paris, Its Largest Market, TechCrunch (2015/08/25) https://techcrunch.com/2015/08/25/airbnb-daccord/
Lomas, Natasha, Airbnb Handed Over $1.3M In Tourist Taxes To The City Of Paris In Q4 2015, TechCrunch (2016/02/05) https://techcrunch.com/2016/02/05/airbnb-handed-over-1-3m-in-tourist-taxes-to-the-city-of-paris-in-q4-2015/
Lunden, Ingrid & Tsotsis, Alexia, What’s Up With WhatsApp? Facebook Might Want To Buy It, That’s What, TechCrunch (2012/12/03) https://techcrunch.com/2012/12/02/whats-up-with-whatsapp-facebook-might-want-to-buy-it-thats-what/
McLaughlin, David, FTC Chief Says He’s Willing to Break Up Big Tech Companies, Bloomberg (2019/08/14) https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-08-13/ftc-chief-says-willing-to-break-up-companies-amid-big-tech-probe
Meerkat live-streaming app `dead`, BBC News, (2016/10/04)
https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-37555100
MFTranscribing, Spotify Technology (SPOT) Q1 2020 Earnings Call Transcript, The Motley Fool (2020/04/29) https://www.fool.com/earnings/call-transcripts/2020/04/29/spotify-technology-spot-q1-2020-earnings-call-tran.aspx
Mills, Elinor, Google takes the pun out of shopping, CNET (2007/04/20)
https://www.cnet.com/news/google-takes-the-pun-out-of-shopping/
Netflix on Twitter, (2017/04/18)
https://twitter.com/netflix/status/854100194098520064
Netflix, How Netflix’s Recommendations System Works, Netflix Help Center,
https://help.netflix.com/en/node/100639
Neumann, Jerry, A Taxonomy of Moats, Reaction Wheel, (2019/09/19)
http://reactionwheel.net/2019/09/a-taxonomy-of-moats.html
O`Reilly, Tim, What Is Web 2.0, (2005/09/30)
https://www.oreilly.com/pub/a//web2/archive/what-is-web-20.html
Oreskovic, Alexei, Facebook says WhatsApp deal cleared by FTC, Reuters (2014/04/11) https://www.reuters.com/article/us-facebook-whatsapp/facebook-says-whatsapp-deal-cleared-by-ftc-idUSBREA391VA20140410
Oreskovic, Alexei, FTC clears Facebook`s acquisition of Instagram, Reuters (2012/08/23) https://www.reuters.com/article/us-facebook-instagram/ftc-clears-facebooks-acquisition-of-instagram-idUSBRE87L14W20120823
Patkar, Mihir, 5 Google Chrome Alternatives for a Better Browser on Desktop or Mobile, (2018/10/02) https:// www.makeuseof.com/tag/google-chrome-alternatives-desktop-mobile/
Peck, Robert, Cuban, Mark: "Data is the new gold", CREDIT-SUISSE (2017/01/22)
https://www.credit-suisse.com/about-us-news/en/articles/news-and-expertise/mark-cuban-data-is-the-new-gold-201706.html
Phillips, Laura H., The FCC’s “Restoration of Internet Freedom Order” Largely Survives on Appeal; But Net Neutrality is Not Dead Yet, The National Law Review (2019/10/08) https://www.natlawreview.com/article/fcc-s-restoration-internet-freedom-order-largely-survives-appeal-net-neutrality-not
Pinerest, https://www.pinterest.com/
Pinterest launches shopping spotlights with influencers and publishers, Pinerest Newsroom (2020/05/18) https://newsroom.pinterest.com/en/post/pinterest-launches-curated-shopping-spotlights
Power Integrations https://www.power.com/?language=en
Retail Banking Research (RBR), UnionPay maintains its position as the world’s largest card scheme(2018/10/26) https://www.rbrlondon.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/GC23_Press_Release_261018.pdf
Robertson, Adi, The FCC can repeal net neutrality, but it can’t block state laws, says court, THE VERGE (2019/10/01) https://www.theverge.com/2019/10/1/20893342/fcc-net-neutrality-repeal-dc-appeals-court-ruling-state-law-preemption
Salinas, Sara, Facebook is integrating the messaging functions of Messenger, Instagram and WhatsApp, CNBC (2019/01/25) https://www.cnbc.com/2019/01/25/facebook-reportedly-integrating-messenger-instagram-and-whatsapp.html
Schonfeld, Erick, Eric Schmidt`s Gang Of Four: Google, Apple, Amazon, And Facebook, TechCrunch (2011/06/01) https://techcrunch.com/2011/05/31/schmidt-gang-four-google-apple-amazon-facebook/
Singer, Hal, Ohio V. American Express: Do Monopoly Platforms Deserve Special Treatment Under Antitrust?, FORBES (2018/02/27) https://www.forbes.com/sites/washingtonbytes/2018/02/27/do-monopoly-platforms-deserve-special-treatment-under-antitrust-review-of-ohio-v-american-express/#423448955b1d
Spotify, Time to Play Fair,https://www.timetoplayfair.com/
Spotify, Why go Premium? https://www.spotify.com/us/premium/?checkout=false
Spotify’s claims, Apple Newsroom (2019/03/14)
https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2019/03/addressing-spotifys-claims/
Stapp, Alec, Why Data Is Not the New Oil, Truth on the Market (2019/10/08)
https://truthonthemarket.com/2019/10/08/why-data-is-not-the-new-oil/
Stempel, Jonathan, Google wins dismissal of U.S. lawsuit over Android app limits, Reuters (2015/02/21) https://www.reuters.com/article/us-google-apps-decision/google-wins-dismissal-of-u-s-lawsuit-over-android-app-limits-idUSKBN0LO2C720150220
Susarla, Anjana, Facebook shifting from open platform to public utility, UPI (2018/08/17) https://www.upi.com/Top_News/Voices/2018/08/17/Facebook-shifting-from-open-platform-to-public-utility/1721534507642/
The Economist, Data, data everywhere (2010/02/27)
https://www.economist.com/special-report/2010/02/27/data-data-everywhere
The Economist, The world’s most valuable resource is no longer oil, but data (2017/05/06) https://www.economist.com/leaders/2017/05/06/the-worlds-most-valuable-resource-is-no-longer-oil-but-data
The New York Times, Subscription page- academic rate
https://www.nytimes.com/subscription/education/student?campaignId=7FLWR&campaignId=7FLWR&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F
The Wall Street Journal, Subscription page- Join Now,
https://store.wsj.com/shop/APAC/wsjaama0519/?inttrackingCode=aaquqb5e&icid=WSJ_ON_FAP_ACQ_NA&cx_campaign=WSJAPGeneric219
The Washington Post, Subscription page- Choose your plan.,
https://subscribe.washingtonpost.com/acq/?promo=hpto_di_intl_intl_md20#/offers/promo/hpto_di_intl_intl_md20/view/1
Thompson, Ben, Beyond Disruption, STARATECHERY(2015/12/02)
https://stratechery.com/2015/beyond-disruption/
Tiwari, Aditya, Why Did Windows Phone Fail? — Ex-Nokia Engineer Explains, FOSSBYTES (2019/07/27) https://fossbytes.com/why-windows-phone-failed-reasons-nokia/
Travers, Mark, Facebook Spreads Fake News Faster Than Any Other Social Website, According To New Research, Forbes (2020/03/21) https://www.forbes.com/sites/traversmark/2020/03/21/facebook-spreads-fake-news-faster-than-any-other-social-website-according-to-new-research/#777e5bfc6e1a
Tsotsis, Alexia, Sean Parker On Why Myspace Lost To Facebook, TechCrunch (2011/06/29) https://techcrunch.com/2011/06/28/sean-parker-on-why-myspace-lost-to-facebook/
Tung, Liam, Bill Gates: My biggest mistake? Not making Android, ZDNet (2019/06/24) https://www.zdnet.com/article/bill-gates-my-biggest-mistake-not-making-android/
Vachani, Steve on LinkdIn https://www.linkedin.com/in/vachani/
Warren, Tom, Bill Gates thinks Windows Mobile would have beaten Android without Microsoft’s antitrust woes, THE VERGE (2019/11/06) https://www.theverge.com/2019/11/6/20952370/bill-gates-windows-mobile-android-competition-comments-microsoft-antitrust
Warren, Tom, ZTE reveals $20 to $30 cost of Windows Phone license, THE VERGE (2012/01/19) https://www.theverge.com/microsoft/2012/1/19/2718209/windows-phone-license-cost-ZTE
Wu, Tim, The case for breaking up Facebook and Instagram, The Washington Post (2018/09/29) https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2018/09/28/case-breaking-up-facebook-instagram/
Wu, Tim, The Supreme Court Devastates Antitrust Law, The New York Times, (2018/06/26) https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/26/opinion/supreme-court-american-express.html
Yelp, Advertising https://biz.yelp.com/advertise
Yelp, Support Center https://www.yelp-support.com/Yelp_for_Business_Owners?l=en_US
YouTube Creator Academy, Get insights with YouTube Analytics,
https://creatoracademy.youtube.com/page/course/analytics-series?hl=en
Zillow, About Us, https://www.zillow.com/corp/About.htm
Zillow, Zestimate, https://www.zillow.com/zestimate/
（二） 中文部分
Angela，網路廣告不可否認的未來——原生廣告，INSIDE（2012/08/14）
https://www.inside.com.tw/article/1595-native-ads
Brandon, Visa（V）營收穩定成長，StockFeel 股感（2018/12/11）
https://www.stockfeel.com.tw/visa%e7%b6%93%e7%87%9f%e7%ad%96%e7%95%a5%e5%88%86%e6%9e%90/
Edward，Google 將於美國率先推出「Google Play Pass」訂閱服務 收錄《星露谷物語》等作品，巴哈姆特（2019/09/24）https://gnn.gamer.com.tw/detail.php?sn=186125
Facebook，我可以取得哪些類別的 Facebook 資料？Facebook 使用說明，
https://www.facebook.com/help/930396167085762?helpref=faq_content
Feng, Sanji, Windows 手機的銷售已近乎停滯，engadget 中國版
（2016/02/19）https://cn.engadget.com/2016/02/19/gartner-smartphone-report-q4-2015/
Fortune Insight，輕資產與重資產的投資模式（2018/10/02）
https://fortuneinsight.com/web/posts/26317
Froogle, Google Play,
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.lifemediainc.lifemedia&hl=zh_TW
Fu, Chevelle, 從 iOS 到 Android 轉得過去的是資料，但使用習慣轉移有這麼容易嗎？癮科技（2013/03/28）https://www.cool3c.com/article/66240?fbclid=IwAR3vs9J4HzDfu8JgFIZqm0XkHJhOqjZTOqyRfVCzwKc_kAfzLI3KCHgoZ2g
Google，AdSense 基本概念/AdSense 的運作方式，
https://support.google.com/adsense/answer/6242051? hl=zh-Hant&ref_topic=1319753
Lin, Doris ，Amazon如何用消費心理成功打造「追加銷售」的方法，
TRANSBIZ，https://transbiz.com.tw/amazon-upselling-techniques/
Lin, Doris，在你下單前就出貨！Amazon用大數據鞏固電商龍頭，TRANSBIZ https://transbiz.com.tw/amazon-big-data/
Netflix，Netflix 簡史 2007-2011，https://media.netflix.com/zh_tw/about-netflix
PChome Online 網路家庭/ Company Web，公司簡介 Group Profile，
https://corporate.pchome.com.tw/about_us/about_us.php?lang=cht&item_id=1
Spotify 官方網站，升級 Premium，https://www.spotify.com/tw/premium/
YouTube Premium 頁面，https://www.spotify.com/tw/premium/
WAW網站分析星期三，吸引消費者下單！10個「心理觸發點」絕招大公開，行銷人（2016/10/28），https://www.marketersgo.com/marketing/201610/sales-psychology/
人民網，騰訊 360 再掀 3Q 大戰專題，
http://it.people.com.cn/BIG5/119390/118342/242534/index.html
中國互聯網絡信息中心 CNNIC，第 31 次中國互聯網絡發展狀況統計報告， 2013年1月， http://www.cac.gov.cn/files/pdf/hlwtjbg/hlwlfzzkdctjbg031.pdf
王建興，API設計和應用程式設計的不同？iThome（2014/05/08）
https://www.ithome.com.tw/voice/87207
王郁倫、陳君毅，開訂閱制第一槍，《蘋果日報》10天付費會員衝10萬人算成功嗎？數位時代（2017/07/17）https://www.bnext.com.tw/article/54041/appledaily-subscription-effect-media-future
何佩珊，補貼熱火持續延燒，蝦皮能燒出下一個露天？（2016/07/14）
https://www.bnext.com.tw/article/40211/BN-2016-07-14-192834-223
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| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
科技管理與智慧財產研究所
107364213 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107364213 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| DOI: | 10.6814/NCCU202001510 |
| Appears in Collections: | [科技管理與智慧財產研究所] 學位論文
|
Files in This Item:
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Size | Format | |
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| 421301.pdf | | 5687Kb | Adobe PDF2 | 1 | View/Open |
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