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    政大機構典藏 > 法學院 > 法律學系 > 研究報告 >  Item 140.119/135638
    Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/135638


    Title: 威權統治時期人事清查處置及相關救濟程序之研究
    Authors: 林佳和
    Lin, Chia-Ho
    Contributors: 法律系
    Keywords: 轉型正義;公部門人事清查;除垢;政治檔案
    transitional justice;vetting public employees;lustration;political archives
    Date: 2019-12
    Issue Date: 2021-06-08 15:10:35 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 促進轉型正義條例第 4 條第 2 項規定,促轉會任務之一為「回復威權統治時 期相關歷史事實真相,釐清壓迫體制加害者及參與者責任」,依同條第 3 項規定, 促轉會並應規劃人事清查處置及相關救濟程序,呈現於最終調查報告之中,接續 之後立法者可能的立法思考與行為。是以,如何本於法律所期待之任務,有助於 規劃相關人事清查處置暨相關救濟之制度,即屬本研究之目的,在進行相關文獻 之研究探討後,特別是著重於外國類似經驗、制度,加上本國轉型正義工程上之 特殊事實與框架限制,提出分析與制度規劃。在國家不法與轉型正義之發展脈絡 中,於刑事追訴、特赦、真相委員會、賠償補償與財產返還之外,公部門人事清 查、亦常稱之除垢(Lustration),並列為轉型之法(Lex Transitus)暨五大轉型 正義手段內容之一,不同國家與社會,在各自不同的主客觀條件下,交互、組合 或前後動態式的運用之。從聯合國 2006 年所公布之操作框架與指引中,可看出 從不同實踐經驗暨理論考察下,公部門人事清查所涉及之制度要素,例如必要性、 制度內容、類型與範圍、實施步驟與改革條件等,一個國際比較下的「規範性內 容」,可資參酌,雖然其較聚焦於時間緊密連結之後衝突國家與社會。在「公部 門人事清查」所呈現的制度性光譜上,必須衡量個別國家與社會所面臨之「特殊 轉型條件」,從全面採取、部分採取(不同質與量)到可能的不予採取,不論最 終的制度選擇為何,「政治檔案的掌握、處理與公開」,應均屬不可或缺的前提要 件,它扮演著轉型之法得以實踐的關鍵地位。類似捷克之大規模、以集體性究責、 形式資格(特定職務、特定身份)為聯繫因素的做法,恐不宜於台灣,相對的, 以真相調查為主、將相關政治檔案公諸於世之措施,或較符合台灣當前之環境與 條件,不論是否進一步採取類似波蘭般之申報制度,至如有特定刑事犯行追訴之 事實,則連結至現行公務人員懲戒體系即有處理之依據及必要,當無問題。不論 是否採取刑事上犯行追訴,一併採取較和緩之人事清查,以重大侵害人權為主要 構成要件,連結至非刑罰性質之公務員法地位的不利益,由專責轉型正義機關發 動、經由聽證、獨立委員會審議後,再送作為司法機關之公務員懲戒委員會懲戒, 非完全縱容與不加任何處理,就正義之實踐上亦有其意義。本研究並提出《威權 統治時期公務員人事清查條例草案》含總說明暨 18 個條文,規劃可適用於台灣 之公部門人事清查原則與做法,提供未來立法者參考。
    Article 4 (2) of Act on Promoting Transitional Justice provides that one of the tasks of Transitional Justice Commission (hereinafter referred to as the TJC) is ‘to comprehensively reconstruct the true historical facts of the period of authoritarian rule and promote social reconciliation, and to ascertain the responsibility of perpetrators and participants in mechanisms of oppression’. In accordance with the third item of the same article, TJC shall ‘write investigative reports, plan measures for vetting and removing abusive public employees, and draw up related remedy procedures’, in order to continue possible legislative thinking and actions by legislators. Hence, how to focus on and help plan the tasks expected by law serves as the purpose of this study. After conducting research and discussion of related literature, it focuses on similar foreign experiences and systems. Based on the facts and framework constraints of transitional justice project in Taiwan, analysis and institutional planning are proposed.
    Relation: 促進轉型正義委員會
    Data Type: report
    Appears in Collections:[法律學系] 研究報告

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