English  |  正體中文  |  简体中文  |  Post-Print筆數 : 27 |  Items with full text/Total items : 110939/141863 (78%)
Visitors : 47655650      Online Users : 1180
RC Version 6.0 © Powered By DSPACE, MIT. Enhanced by NTU Library IR team.
Scope Tips:
  • please add "double quotation mark" for query phrases to get precise results
  • please goto advance search for comprehansive author search
    •  Adv. Search
    Home ‧ Login ‧ Upload ‧ Help ‧ About ‧ Administer Goto mobile version


    Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/136431


    Title: 馬來西亞電動機車的市場潛力
    Market Potential of Electric Motorcycle in Malaysia
    Authors: 蔡明原
    Yuen, Isaac Chua Min
    Contributors: 張大為
    Chang, David
    蔡明原
    Isaac Chua Min Yuen
    Keywords: 電動機車
    科技
    政治議題
    環境議題
    排放
    空氣污染
    水污染
    挑戰
    Electric Motorcycle
    Technology
    Political Issues
    Environment Issues
    Emission
    Air Pollution
    Water Pollution
    Challenge
    Date: 2021
    Issue Date: 2021-08-04 15:05:48 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: In 2017, vehicles registration in Malaysia hit 28.2 million units. (Jonathan Lee, 2017). Other than 0.6% are Public Service Vehicles (PSV), the rest are private vehicles. The percentage of Motorcycles is 45% in overall which is the second popular transportation option in Malaysia. However, many people are not realized the average motorcycle is 10 times more polluting per mile than a passenger car, light truck or SUV. Motorcycles and scooters are on average about twice as fuel efficient as cars. Compact and lightweight, their internal combustion engines do a better job of converting fuel into energy that makes the vehicle move. But extracting more energy from the fuel has a downside. Indeed, it produces lesser carbon dioxide (CO2), but at the same time, it produces greater amounts of a smog-forming emission named as oxides of nitrogen. (Throttle Jockey, 2008)
    Years ago, Malaysia used to be a leader of EV development in ASEAN. The previous Pakatan Harapan administration has announced a 10-year plan of EV development. (Jonathan Lee, 2020). The plan including seven roadmaps and blueprints, plus 17 targets; the Electric Mobility is also aimed at getting 125,000 charging station up and ready by 2030. However, due to political issues and the lack of clear milestones, it seems Malaysia has dragged its feet in stimulating the public adoption of electric vehicles.
    This research is to analyze the market potential of the development of electric motorcycle in Malaysia. We will go through by using PEST analysis (especially the environment problem), the overview of Malaysia motorcycle market, challenge, and implementation of public adoption of electric motorcycle and also who should they collaborate with to explore the advance technology of electric motorcycle.
    Reference: References
    1. Dato’ Sri Dr. Mohd Uzir Mahidin (2020). Current Population Estimates. www.dosm.gov.my. Retrieved from:
    https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/index.php?r=column/cthemeByCat&cat=155&bul_id=OVByWjg5YkQ3MWFZRTN5bDJiaEVhZz09&menu_id=L0pheU43NWJwRWVSZklWdzQ4TlhUUT09
    2. Yeoh K. K. (2001). Ethnic Fractionalization Index (EFI), www.link.springer.com. Retrieved from: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-20095-8_8
    3. Hirshman (1987). Ethnic Classfications, selected censuses and regions. www.link.springer.com. Retrieved from: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-20095-8_8
    4. Jones (1961 & 1962). Ethnic Classfications, selected censuses and regions. www.link.springer.com. Retrieved from: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-20095-8_8
    5. Merewether. Porportion of population by nationality, Straits Settlements 1881 and 1991. www.link.springer.com. Retrieved from: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-20095-8_8
    6. PoundSterling Live (2021). US Dollar to MYR Spot Exchange Rates for 2006 from the Bank of England. www.poundsterlinglive.com. Retrieved from: https://www.poundsterlinglive.com/bank-of-england-spot/historical-spot-exchange-rates/usd/USD-to-MYR-2006
    7. FMT Reporters (2018). Study shows KTM running out of steam. www.freemalaysiatoday.com. Retrieved from: https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2018/03/13/study-shows-ktm-running-out-of-steam/
    8. ASEAN Stats Data Portal (2020). Total number of registered motorcycles in ASEAN countries. www.data.aseanstats.org Retrieve from: https://data.aseanstats.org/indicator/ASE.TRP.ROD.B.011.
    9. Jerry Coffey (2015). Dual Sport VS Adventure Bike VS Enduro: What’s the difference? www.bikebound.com. Retrieve from: https://www.bikebound.com/2015/08/26/dual-sport-vs-adventure-bike-vs-enduro-whats-the-difference/
    10. The Bike Market (2021) Top 10 Retro Motorbikes. www.thebikemarket.co.uk Retrieve from: https://www.thebikemarket.co.uk/top-ten/retro-bikes
    11. Zig Wheels (2021). Honda Rebel. www.zigwheels.my Retrieve from: https://www.zigwheels.my/new-motorcycles/honda/rebel
    12. Soon Chye Motors (2021). Yamaha Ego Solariz. www.soonchye.com.my/ Retrieve from: http://soonchye.com.my/prodetails.php?pid=p2017021411384781
    13. Paul Tan (2021). 2021 Honda Forza 250 scooter in Malaysia. www.paultan.org Retrieve from: https://paultan.org/2021/03/18/2021-honda-forza-250-scooter-in-malaysia-rm25388/
    14. The Edge Markets (2020). MCA, MIC want to quit BN. www.theedgemarkets.com Retrieve from: https://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/mca-mic-want-quit-bn
    15. Amir Yusof (2019). Progress in Pakatan Harapan’s ‘new Malaysia’ plagued by same old issues. www.channelnewasia.com Retrieve from: https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/pakatan-harapan-new-malaysia-progress-old-problems-11508714
    16. Berna,a (2018). Dr M’s full speech: ‘The 100 days of the Pakatan Harapan Government’. www.the star.com.my. Retrieve from: https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/08/17/drm-full-speech-the-100-days-of-the-pakatan-harapan-govt/
    17. Debora Alvim (2013). Measurements of Emissions from Motorcycle and Modeling Its Impact on Air Quality. www.researchgate.net/ Retrieve from: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Comparison-of-emissions-of-motorcycles-and-light-vehicles_fig2_262501507
    18. Mun-Chow Lau and Su Fei Yap (2004). Technology Development in Malaysia and The Newly Industrializing Economies: A Comparative Analysis. www.unescap.org Retrieve from: https://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/apdj11-2-4-lai-yap.pdf
    19. Sean O’Kane (2021). Gogoro is bringing its electric scooter and battery tech to India. www.theverge.com Retrieve from: https://www.theverge.com/2021/4/21/22394575/gogoro-india-hero-motorcorp-electric-scooters-battery-swap-stations
    20. Chen Yu-Ting (2021). Taipei launches electric scooter sharing to promote green transport. www.focustaiwan.tw Retrieve from: https://focustaiwan.tw/society/202105130021
    21. Abdul Jalil, N., Mat Ghani, G., & Duasa, J. (2009). Oil prices and Malaysian economy. International Review of Business Research Study, 5(4), 232-256. Retrieved from http://irep.iium.edu.my/11258/

    22. Adam, Ramlah, 2000, Dr Burhanuddin Al-Hemyi: A Political Crisis, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa Dan Pustaka, Ministry of Education Malaysia Anis Mashdurohatun, 2017, Hukum Kontrak, Ekonomi Syari’ah Dan Etika, Undip Press, Semarang. Barbara Watson Andaya and Leonard
    23. Agarwal, R.; Prasad, J. A Conceptual and Operational Definition of Personal Innovativeness in the Domain of Data Technology. Inf. Syst. Res. 1998, 9, 204–215.
    24. Agarwal, R.; Prasad, J. The Role of Innovation Characteristics and Perceived Voluntaries in the Acceptance of Data Technologies. Decis. Sci. 1997, 28, 557–582.
    25. Ahmad, 1972, Leads The Way Summit, Kuala Lumpur: Pustaka Pagi Publishing
    26. Ahmad, J. & Harnhirun, S. (1995). Unit roots and cointegration in estimating causality between exports and economic growth: empirical evidence from the ASEAN countries. Economics Letters. 49(3), 329-334.
    27. Ajzen, I. From Intentions to Actions: A Theory of Planned Behavior. In Action Control: From Cognition to Behavior; Kuhl, J., Bechkmann, J., Eds.; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany; New York, NY, USA, 1985; pp. 11–39. ISBN 978-3-642-69746-3.
    28. Ajzen, I. Perceived Behavioral Control, Self-Efficacy, Locus of Control, and the Theory of Planned Behavior. J. Appl. Soc. Psychol. 2006, 32, 4.
    29. Ajzen, I. The theory of planned behavior. Organ. Behav. Hum. Decis. Process. 1991, 50, 179–211. [CrossRef] Ajzen, I.; Fishbein, M. Understanding Attitudes and Predicting Social Behavior; Prentice Hall: Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA, 1980; ISBN 978-0139364358.
    30. Andaya, 1983, History of Malaysia, Petaling Jaya: Macmillan Publishers Bustamam,
    31. Anderson, J.C.; Gerbing, D.W. Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychol. Bull. 1988, 103, 411.
    32. Austrian Standard Institute. ÖVE/ÖNORM EN 61672-1 Electroacustics—Sound Level Meters—Part 1: Specifications; Austrian Standard Institute: Vienna, Austria, 2015
    33. Azman Aziz, M. I., & Abu Bakar, N. A. (2011). Oil price shocks and macroeconomic activities in Malaysia. The Journal of World Economic Review. 6(2), 123-142.
    34. Baharumshah, A. Z., & Rashid, S. (1999). Exports, imports and economic growth in Malaysia: Empirical evidence based on multivariate time series. Asian Economic Journal, 13(4), 389- 406.
    35. Balasubramanyam, V. N., Salisu, M., & Dapsoford, D. (1996). Foreign direct investment and growth in export promotion (EP) and import substitution (IS) countries. Economic Journal, 106, 92-105.
    36. Bank Negara Malaysia. (2013). 2012 annual report: The changing drivers of economics growth in Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Author. Retrieved from http://www.bnm.gov.my/files/publication/ar/en/2012/cp01_002_box.pdf
    37. Baud, S. Umweltbedingungen, Umweltverhalten 2015 [Environmental Conditions, Environmental Behavior 2015]; Statistik Austria: Wien, Austria, 2017; ISBN 9783903106499.
    38. Bhattacherjee, A. Acceptance of E-Commerce Services: The Case of Electronic Brokerages. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part A Syst. Hum. 2000, 30, 411–420.
    39. Bommer, M.; Jalajas, D.S. The threat of organizational downsizing on the innovative propensity of R&D professionals. R D Manag. 1999, 29, 27–34.
    40. Brink, M.; Schreckenberg, D.; Vienneau, D.; Cajochen, C.; Wunderli, J.M.; Probst-Hensch, N.; Röösli, M. Effects of scale, question location, order of response alternatives, and season on self-reported noise annoyance using icben scales: A field experiment. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2016, 13, 1163. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    41. Burnkrant, R.E.; Page, T.J. The Structure and Antecedents of the Normative and Attitudinal Factors of Fishbein’s Theory of Reasoned Action. J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. 1998, 17, 303–316. [CrossRef]
    41. Bursac, Z.; Gauss, C.H.; Williams, D.K.; Hosmer, D.W. Purposeful selection of variables in logistic regression. Source Code Biol. Med. 2008, 3, 1–8. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    42. Chen, L.; Gillenson, M.L.; Sherrell, D.L. Enticing online consumers: An extended technology acceptance perspective. Inf. Manag. 2002, 39, 705–709.
    43. Chen, Q.Q.; Sun, F.C. Hybrid Vehicle Foundation; Beijing Institute of Technology Press: Beijing, China, 2001.
    44. Chiang, W.J. A Study of Electric Vehicle Promotion Strategies: From Consumers’ Perspectives; National Taipei University of Technology: Taipei, Taiwan, 2014.
    45. Chin, W.W. Commentary: Issues and Opinion on Structural Equation Modeling. Manag. Inf. Syst. Q. 1998, 22, 7–16.
    46. Darby, M. R. (1982). The price of oil and world inflation and recession. American Economic Review, 72(4), 738-751. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/1810014
    47. Datta, K., & Kumar Mukhopadhyay, C. (2011). Relationship between inflation and economic growth in Malaysia - An econometric review. International Conference on Economics and Finance Research. Singapore: IACSIT Press, 4, pp. 415-419. Retrieved from http://www.ipedr.com/vol4/82-F10100.pdf
    48. Davis, F.D.; Bagozzi, R.P.; Warshaw, P.R. User acceptance of computer technology: A comparison of two theoretical models. Manag. Sci. 1989, 35, 982–1003.
    49. Dritsakis, N., Varelas, E., & Adamopoulos, A. (2006). The main determinants of economic growth: An empirical research with Granger causality analysis for Greece. European Research Studies Journal. 9(3-4), 47-58.
    50. EA. Global EV Outlook 2017, Two Million and Counting; International Energy Agency: Paris, France, 2017.
    51. EEA. Noise in Europe 2014; Publications Office of the European Union: Luxembourg, 2014; ISBN 9789292135058.
    52. Ellingsen, L.; Singhand, B.; Stumman, A.H. The size and range effect: Lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions of electric vehicles. Environ. Res. Lett. 2016, 11.
    53. Eltayeb, T.K.; Zailani, S.; Jayaraman, K. The research on the drivers for green purchasing adoption among EMS 14001 certified companies in Malaysia. J. Manuf. Technol. Manag. 2010, 21, 206–225. [CrossRef]
    54. Engel, J.F.; Blackwell, R.D.; Miniard, P.W. Consumer Behavior, 6th ed.; Dryden Press: Chicago, NY, USA, 1995.
    55. EU Commission Directive (EU) 2015/996. Off. J. Eur. Union 2015, 168, 1–823.
    56. Fadhil, M. A., & Almsafir, M. K. (2014). The role of FDI inflows in economic growth in Malaysia (Time series: 1975-2010). Proceedings from the 2nd Global Conference on Business, Economics, Management and Tourism. Prague: ScienceDirect, pp. 1558-1566.
    57. Fadilah Zaini and Thukiman Kassim, 2008, Ethnic Relations in Malaysia, Johor Bharu: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
    58. FaridUllah, & AbdurRauf (2013). Impacts of macroeconomic variables on economic growth: A panel data analysis of selected Asian countries. International Journal of Data, Business and Management, 5(2), 4-12.
    59. Fields, J.M.; De Jong, R.G.; Gjestland, T.; Flindell, I.H.; Job, R.F.S.; Kurra, S.; Lercher, P.; Vallet, M.; Yano, T.; Guski, R.; et al. Standardized general-purpose noise reaction questions for community noise surveys: Research and a recommendation. J. Sound Vib. 2001, 242, 641–679.
    60. Fishbein, M. A behavior theory approach to the relations between beliefs about an object and the attitude toward the object. In Readings in Attitude Theory and Measurement; Fishbein, M., Ed.; John Wiley & Sons: New York, NY, USA, 1967; pp. 389–400.
    61. Fishbein, M. A Theory of Reasoned Action: Some Applications and Implications. In Nebraska Symposium on Motivation; Howe, H., Page, M., Eds.; University of Nebraska Press: Lincoln, NE, USA, 1980; Volume 27, pp. 65–116.
    62. Fishbein, M.; Ajzen, I. Belief, Attitude, Intention, and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research. Philos. Rhetor. 1977, 10, 130–132.
    63. Fishbein, M.; Ajzen, I. Beliefs, Attitude, Intention and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research; Addison-Wesley: Reading, MA, USA, 1975.
    64. Fornell, C.; Larcker, D.F. Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. J. Mark. Res. 1981, 18, 39–50.
    65. Fuller, N. (1991). Principle of Economics. New York: Tudor Publishing.
    66. Gille, L.A.; Marquis-Favre, C.; Klein, A. Noise annoyance due to urban road traffic with powered-two-wheelers: Quiet periods, order and number of vehicles. Acta Acust. United Acust. 2016, 102, 474–487. [CrossRef]
    67. Gokal, V., & Hanif, S. (2004). Relationship between inflation and economic growth (Working Study). Economics Department, Reserve Bank of Fiji. Retrieved from http://rbf.gov.fj/docs/2004_04_wp.pdf
    68. Golam Hassan, A. A. (2004). Growth, Structural Change and Regional Inequity in Malaysia. England: Ashgate Pub Ltd.
    69. Grube, J.W.; Morgan, M.; McGree, S.T. Attitudes and Normative Beliefs as Predictors of Smoking Intentions and Behaviour: A Test of Three Models. Br. J. Soc. Psychol. 1986, 25, 2.
    70. Gunarto, 2018, Fair Consumer Protection, Balanced And Proportional In A Fixed ECommerce Agreement Based On Justice Value, Scholars Journal Of Arts, Humanities And Social Sciences, India.
    71. Guski, R.; Schreckenberg, D. Verkehrslärmwirkungen im Flughafenumfeld, Endbericht, Band 3: Wirkungen von Verkehrslärm auf die Belästigung und Lebensqualität [Traffic Noise Effects in the Airport Environment Vol. 3: Effects on Annoyance and Quality of Life]; Gemeinnützige Umwelthaus gGmbH: Kelsterbach, Germany, 2015.
    72. Guski, R.; Schreckenberg, D.; Schuemer, R. WHO Environmental Noise Guidelines for the European Region: A Frameworkatic Review on Environmental Noise and Annoyance. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 1539. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    73. Hair, J.F., Jr.; Anderson, R.E.; Tatham, R.L.; Black, W.C. Multivariate Data Analysis, 5th ed.; Prentice Hall: Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA, 1998.
    74. Han, S.; Zhang, B.; Sun, X.; Han, S.; Höök, M. China’s Energy Transition in the Power and Transport Sectors from a Substitution Perspective. Energies 2017, 10, 600.
    75. Hao, Y.; Dong, X.Y.; Deng, Y.X.; Li, L.X.; Ma, Y. What influences personal purchases of new energy vehicles in China? An empirical study based on a survey of Chinese citizens. J. Renew. Sustain. Energy 2016, 8, 065904.
    76. Har, W. M., Teo, K. L., & Yee, K. M. (2008). FDI and economic growth relationship: An empirical study on Malaysia. International Business Research, 1(2), 11-18.
    77. Hashim, K., & Masih, M. (2014). What causes economic growth in Malaysia: Exports or imports?. Munich Personal RePEc Archieve (MPRA). Retrieved from https://mpra.ub.unimuenchen.de/62366/1/MPRA_study_62366.pdf
    78. He, L.; Chen, W.; Conzelmann, G. Impact of Vehicle Usage on Consumer Choice of Hybrid Electric Vehicles. Transp. Res. Part D 2012, 17, 208–214.
    79. Heutschi, K. Ermittlung der Durch Motorräder Verursachten Akustischen Immissionen im Nationalpark [Determination of the Acoustic Emissions Caused by Motorbikes in the National Park]; 511.2471; Empa: Dübendorf, Switzerland, 2011.
    80. Hu, L.T.; Bentler, P.M. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Struct. Equ. Model. A Multidiscip. J. 1999, 6, 1–55. [CrossRef]
    81. Hussin, F., & Saidin, N. (2012). Economic growth in ASEAN-4 countries: A panel data analysis. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 4(9), 119-129.
    82. IEA. Global EV Outlook2018; International Energy Agency: Paris, France, 2018.
    83. International Institute for Standardization (ISO). Acoustics—Assessment of Noise Annoyance by Means of Social and Socio-Acoustic Surveys; ISO/TS15666; ISO: Geneva, Switzerland, 2003.
    84. Jaafar, Kamaruddin, 1980, Dr. Burhanuddin al-Helmy: Islam and Malay Ethnicity, Kuala Lumpur: Publisher Your Foundation Malaysia Kita: Guide and Reference To An Empire, 2003, Petaling Jaya: International Law Book Services Mohamad Mahathir, 1995, The Early Years 1947-1972, Kuala Lumpur: News Publishing Sdn Bhd.
    85. Jackson, D.L.; Gillaspy, J.A., Jr.; Purc-Stephenson, R. Reporting practices in confirmatory factor analysis: An overview and some recommendations. Psychol. Methods 2009, 14, 6–23. [CrossRef]
    86. Jayakumar, A., Kannan, L., & Anbalagan, G. (2014). Impact of foreign direct investment, imports and exports. International Review of Research in Emerging Markets and the Global Economy 1(1), 51-58.
    87. Kline, R.B. Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling, 3rd ed.; Guilford: New York, NY, USA, 2011.
    88. Kok, A.; van Beek, A. Amendments for CNOSSOS-EU; National Institute for Public Health and the Environmen: Bilthoven, The Netherlands, 2019; ISBN 9789526119786.
    89. Konchitchki, Y., & Patatoukas, P. N. (2014). Accounting earnings and gross domestic product. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 57(1), 76-88. Lehar, H., Anas, Y., & Tey, H. C. (2014). Introduction to Economic Development. In H.
    90. Kotler, P.; Keller, K. Marketing Management, 14th ed.; Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA, 2012; pp. 1–131. ISBN 978-0-13-210292-6.
    91. Land Tirol Laserscan Tirol [Airborne Laser Scan by the State Government of the Tyrol]. Available online: https://www.tirol.gv.at/sicherheit/geodata/geodaten/laserscandaten/ (accessed on 31 July 2019).
    92. Lechner, C. ÖAL-Richtlinie Nr. 36 Blatt 2, Erstellung von Lärmkarten und Konfliktzonenplänen und Planung von Lärmminderungsmaßnahmen Anforderungen im Anwendungsbereich der Umgebungslärmrichtlinie 2002/49/EG [Noise Mapping and Conflict Zone Plans]; Österreichischer Arbeitsring für Lärmbekämpfung: Wien, Austria, 2010.
    93. Lechner, C.; Kirisits, C. The Translation of the Austrian National Road Emission Data to the Revision of Annex II of the European Environmental Noise Directive 2002/49/EC. In Proceedings of the I-INCE Conference CD InterNoise 2016, Hamburg, Germany, 21–24 August 2016.
    94. Lechner, C.; Lercher, P. Action Plan Against Motor Motorcycle Noise—An Alpine Case Study Acoustic Evaluation of the 30 km/h Speed Limit. In Proceedings of the I-INCE Conference CD InterNoise 2010, Lisbon, Portugal, 13–16 June 2010.
    95. Lechner, C.; Schnaiter, D. Gesamtlärmbetrachtung [Total Noise Research] Innsbruck 2017; Amt der Tiroler Landesregierung: Innsbruck, Austria, 2018.
    96. Lee, C.; Green, R.T. Cross-cultural Research of the Fishbein Behavioral Intentions Model. J. Int. Bus. Stud. 1991, 22, 289–305. [CrossRef]
    97. Legris, P.; Ingham, J.; Collerette, P. Why do people use data technology? A critical review of the technology acceptance model. Inf. Manag. 2003, 40, 191–204.
    98. Lehar, Y. Anas, & H. C. Tey, Malaysian Economy (pp. 2-3). Shah Alam, Malaysia: Oxford University Press.
    99. Lercher, P.; Sölder, M. Exposure by Motorbike Noise in Alpine Residential Areas—A Case Study in Public Health Risk Assessment. In Proceedings of the Euronoise, Edinburgh, UK, 26–28 October 2009.
    100. Liu, Y.L. Research and Discussion on the Development Trend of New Energy Vehicles. Coast. Enterp. Sci. Technol. 2008
    101. Ma, J.; Feng, Q. Analysis of factors influencing consumers to buy pure electric vehicles. Shanghai Auto 2010, 2, 54–58.
    102. Martinez, J., & Campillo Diaz, S. (2016). Malaysia economic monitor: the quest for productivity growth. Washington, DC: World Bank Group. Retrieved from http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/773621481895271934/Malaysia-economicmonitor-the-quest-for-productivity-growth
    103. Mayenkar, S. S. (2017, September 20). UAE plans initiative to boost small firms. Retrieved October 9, 2017, from http://gulfnews.com/business/sectors/investment/uae-plans-initiativeto-boost-small-firms-1.2093445 Mork K. A., (1989), Oil and the macroeconomy when prices go up and down: An extension of Hamilton’s results. Journal of Political Economy, 97(3), 740-744.
    104. Miedema, H.M.E.; Vos, H. Exposure-response relationships for transportation noise. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1998, 104, 3432–3445. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    105. Moore, G.C.; Benbasat, I. Development of an Instrument to Measure the Perceptions of Adopting an Data Technology Innovation. Inf. Syst. Res. 1991, 2, 192–222.
    106. Munoz Moreno, R., Perotti, V., Revilla, J. E., Loayza, N. V., Teh Sharifuddin, S., Kunicova, J., Simler, K., Chuah, L. L., Habalian, R. A., Kim, Y. E., Amin, M., Testaverde, M., Rahardja, S., Kuriakose, S., De Luna-
    107. Nunnally, J.C.; Bernstein, I.H. Psychometric Theory, 3rd ed.; McGraw-Hill: New York, NY, USA, 1994.
    108. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. (2017). Consumer price indices - Frequently asked questions (FAQs). Retrieved September 25, 2017, from http://www.oecd.org/std/prices-ppp/consumerpriceindices-frequentlyaskedquestionsfaqs.htm
    109. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. (2017). Gross domestic product (GDP) (Indicator). Retrieved September 18, 2017, from https://data.oecd.org/gdp/grossdomestic-product-gdp.htm
    110. Patterson, N., Montanjees, M., Motala, J., & Cardillo, C. (2004). Foreign direct investment: Trends, data availability, concepts, and recording practices. International Economic Fund. Retrieved from http://www.imf.org/en/Publications/ManualsGuides/Issues/2016/12/30/Foreign-Direct-Investment-Trends-Data-Availability-Conceptsand-Recording-Practices-17358
    111. Paviotti, M.; Vogiatzis, K. On the outdoor annoyance from scooter and motorbike noise in the urban environment. Sci. Total Environ. 2012, 430, 223–230. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    112. Prentice-Dunn, S.; Rogers, R.W. Protection motivation theory and preventive health: Beyond the health belief model. Health Educ. Res. Theory Pract. 1986, 1, 153–161.
    113. Rahman, D. H. A. A., Dayang-Affizzah, A.M., & Edman, S. (2012). Tourism and hotels in Sarawak: Economic performance. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Science, 65, 1020-1026. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.11.236
    114. Ramlan, H., & Suhaimi, M. I. (2017). The relationship between interest rate and inflation toward the economic growth in Malaysia. Journal of Humanities, Language, Culture and Business (HLCB), 1(1), 55-63. Retrieved from http://www.icohlcb.com/images/Articles/Vol_1/Study006-.pdf
    115. Rogers, E.M. Diffusion of Innovations, 4th ed.; The Free Press: New York, NY, USA, 1995.
    116. Rogers, E.M. Diffusion of Innovations; Free Press: New York, NY, USA, 1983.
    117. Rosenstock, I.M. The health belief model: Explaining health behavior through expectancies. In Health Behavior and Health Education: Theory, Research, and Practice; Glanz, K., Lewis, F.M., Rimer, B.K., Eds.; Jossey-Bass: San Francisco, CA, USA, 1990; pp. 39–62.
    118. RVS 04.02.11. Lärm und Luftschadstoffe—Lärmschutz [Environmental Protection Noise and Airpollution Noise Control] RVS 04.02.11; Österreichischen Forschungsgesellschaft Straße–Schiene–Verkehr: Wien, Austria, 2008.
    119. RVS 04.02.11. Lärm und Luftschadstoffe—Lärmschutz [Environmental Protection Noise and Airpollution Noise Control] RVS 04.02.11; Österreichische Forschungsgesellschaft Straße—Schiene—Verkehr: Wien, Austria, 2019.
    120. Sang, Y.N.; Bekhet, H.A. Modelling electric vehicle usage intentions: An empirical study in Malaysia. J. Clean. Prod. 2015, 92, 75–83.
    121. Schnaiter, D. Evaluierungserhebung Neue Unterinntalbahn [Evaluation Survey New Lower Inn Valley Railway], ÖBB Infrastruktur AG, Executive Summary. Available online: https: www.brennernordzulauf.eu/infomaterial.html?file=files/mediathek/datasmaterial/vertiefende_ infos/Neue-Unterinntalbahn-Evaluierung.pdf (accessed on 31 July 2019).
    122. Schumacker, R.E.; Lomax, R.G. A Beginner’s Guide to Structural Equation Modeling, 3rd ed.; Taylor and Francis Group, LLC: Boca Raton, FL, USA, 2010.
    123. Schwarzer, R. Optimism, goals, and threats: How to conceptualize self-regulatory processes in the adoption and maintenance of health behaviors. Psychol. Health 1999, 3, 759–766.
    124. Shih, L.H. Green Innovation and Product Development; Tsang Hai Book Publishing Co.: Taichung, Taiwan, 2010; ISBN 977-986-6507-64-9. SLoCaT. E-Mobility Trends and Target; SLoCaT: Shanghai, China, 2018.
    125. Song, Z. International experience and enlightenment of the development of electric automobile industry alliance. China Dev. Obs. 2012, 3, 54–56.
    126. Statistik Austria Datenerhebung [Data Collection] EU-SILC 2015. Available online: https://circabc.europa.eu/ faces/jsp/extension/wai/navigation/container.jsp (accessed on 31 July 2019).
    127. Statistik Austria Fahrzeugbestand am 31.10.2017 [Fleet of Vehicles on 2017-10-31]. Available online: https://www.statistik.at/web_de/statistiken/energie_umwelt_innovation_mobilitaet/verkehr/strasse/ kraftfahrzeuge_-_bestand/index.html (accessed on 17 December 2017).
    128. StVO. Straßenverkehrsordnung 1960—StVO. 1960 [Road Traffic Act 1960]; Bundesgesetzblatt für die Republik Österreich: Vienna, Austria, 2017; Volume 2002, pp. 1–118.
    129. Sun, X.; Xu, S. The impact of government subsidies on consumer preferences for alternative fuel vehicles. J. Dalian Univ. Technol. (Soc. Sci.) 2018, 3, 8–16.
    130. Taylor, S.; Todd, P.A. Understanding Data Technology Usage: A Test of Competing Models. Inf. Syst. Res. 1995, 6, 144–176.
    131. The European Parliament and the Council of the EU Directive 2002/49/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council relating to the assessment and management of environmental noise. Off. J. Eur. Communities 2002, 189, 12–25.
    132. The European Parliament and the Council of the EU General Data Protection Regulation 2016. Off. J. Eur. Union 2016, 59, 1–149.
    133. The State Council of China. The Energy Saving and New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan 2012–2020; The State Council of China: Beijing, China, 2012. Available online: http://www.gov.cn/zwgk/2012-07/09/ content_2179032.htm (accessed on 4 June 2019).
    134. Tornatzky, L.G.; Klein, K.J. Innovation characteristics and innovation adoption-implementation: A meta-analysis of findings. IEEE Trans. Eng. Manag. 1982, 29, 29–45.
    135. Tu, J.C. Product Sustainable Design—Green Design in Theory and Practice; Asia Pacific Press: Taipei, Taiwan, 2002; ISBN 986-7809-03-3.
    136. Voos, J. Noise Annoyance Caused by Mopeds and other Traffic Sources. In Proceedings of the Internoise 2006 on CD. I-INCE-USA, Honolulu, HI, USA, 3–6 December 2006.
    137. Wallston, K.A. Control Beliefs: Health Perspectives. In International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 2nd ed.; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2015; pp. 819–821.
    138. WHO. Burden of Disease from Environmental Noise: Quantification of Healthy Life Years Lost in Europe; World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe: Copenhagen, Denmark, 2011; ISBN 9789289002295.
    139. Williams, L.R.; Magee, G.D.; Suzuki, Y. A Multidimensional view of EDI: Testing the value of EDI participation to firms. J. Bus. Logist. 1998, 19, 73–87.
    140. World Health Organization. Environmental Noise Guidelines for the European Region; WHO Regional Office for Europe: Copenhagen, Denmark, 2018.
    141. Wothge, J.; Belke, C.; Möhler, U.; Guski, R.; Schreckenberg, D. The combined effects of aircraft and road traffic noise and aircraft and railway noise on noise annoyance—An analysis in the context of the joint research initiative NORAH. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 871. [CrossRef] [PubMed] Lechner, C.; Schnaiter, D.; Bose-O’Reilly, S. Combined Effects of Aircraft, Rail, and Road Traffic Noise on Total Noise Annoyance—A Cross-Sectional Study in Innsbruck. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 3504. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    142. Yang, S.; Zhang, D.; Fu, J.; Fan, S.; Ji, Y. Market Cultivation of Electric Vehicles in China: A Survey Based on Consumer Behavior. Sustainability 2018, 10, 4056.
    143. Yip, C. Y., Lim, H. E., & Golam Hassan, A. A. (2009). The impacts of oil shocks on Malaysia`s GDP growth. Proceedings of the 5th Asian Mathematical Conference Proceedings (AMC 2009). Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: School of Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, pp. 11-19. Retrieved from http://repo.uum.edu.my/1792/
    144. Zhao, W.H. The Impact and Response of the International Electric Vehicle Boom on Energy Development, APEC International Energy Cooperation Website. 2017. Available online: https://apecenergy.tier.org.tw/ report/article36.php (accessed on 15 March 2019).
    145. Zimmer, K.; Ellermeier, W. Psychometric properties of four measures of noise sensitivity: A comparison. J. Environ. Psychol. 1999, 19, 295–302.
    146. Mo Tz-Pin (2016). 10 Questions: Wemo Scooter. www.international.thenewslens.com Retrieve from: https://international.thenewslens.com/article/53429
    147. Darshan Joshi (2018). The Role of Electricity, Transport & a Carbon Tax in Strengthening Malaysia’s Climate Policy. www.penanginstitute.org Retrieve from: https://penanginstitute.org/publications/issues/the-role-of-electricity-transport-and-a-carbon-tax-in-strengthening-malaysias-climate-policy/
    148. Justaiwantour (2020). [About Taiwan] Asia First Scooter Sharing System in Taiwan: WeMo vs. iRent vs. GoShare. www.justaiwantou.org Retrieve from: https://www.justaiwantour.com/blog/2020/07/23/asia-first-scooter-sharing-system-in-taiwan-wemo-vs-irent-vs-goshare/
    149. Kevin (2021). The Coverage of Wemo, GoShare and Irent and the rental fare. www.money101.com.tw Retrieve from: https://www.money101.com.tw/blog/wemo-goshare-irent-%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E6%A9%9F%E8%BB%8A-%E7%AF%84%E5%9C%8D-%E5%84%AA%E6%83%A0
    150. Statista (2021). Population numbers in Malaysia as of the first quarter of 2020, by state. www.statista.com Retrieve from: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1040670/malaysia-population-distribution-by-state/
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    國際經營管理英語碩士學位學程(IMBA)
    108933035
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0108933035
    Data Type: thesis
    DOI: 10.6814/NCCU202101025
    Appears in Collections:[國際經營管理英語碩士學程IMBA] 學位論文

    Files in This Item:

    There are no files associated with this item.



    All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.


    社群 sharing

    著作權政策宣告 Copyright Announcement
    1.本網站之數位內容為國立政治大學所收錄之機構典藏，無償提供學術研究與公眾教育等公益性使用，惟仍請適度，合理使用本網站之內容，以尊重著作權人之權益。商業上之利用，則請先取得著作權人之授權。
    The digital content of this website is part of National Chengchi University Institutional Repository. It provides free access to academic research and public education for non-commercial use. Please utilize it in a proper and reasonable manner and respect the rights of copyright owners. For commercial use, please obtain authorization from the copyright owner in advance.

    2.本網站之製作，已盡力防止侵害著作權人之權益，如仍發現本網站之數位內容有侵害著作權人權益情事者，請權利人通知本網站維護人員(nccur@nccu.edu.tw)，維護人員將立即採取移除該數位著作等補救措施。
    NCCU Institutional Repository is made to protect the interests of copyright owners. If you believe that any material on the website infringes copyright, please contact our staff(nccur@nccu.edu.tw). We will remove the work from the repository and investigate your claim.
    DSpace Software Copyright © 2002-2004  MIT &  Hewlett-Packard  /   Enhanced by   NTU Library IR team Copyright ©   - Feedback