English  |  正體中文  |  简体中文  |  Post-Print筆數 : 27 |  Items with full text/Total items : 110080/141030 (78%)
Visitors : 46386942      Online Users : 354
RC Version 6.0 © Powered By DSPACE, MIT. Enhanced by NTU Library IR team.
Scope Tips:
  • please add "double quotation mark" for query phrases to get precise results
  • please goto advance search for comprehansive author search
  • Adv. Search
    HomeLoginUploadHelpAboutAdminister Goto mobile version
    Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/141240


    Title: 當遠端控制成為現實:探討Uber駕駛之勞動意識
    When remote control becomes reality: exploring the labor consciousness of Uber drivers
    Authors: 莊彙翌
    Chuang, Hui-Yi
    Contributors: 劉梅君
    苗延威

    莊彙翌
    Chuang, Hui-Yi
    Keywords: 共享平台
    共享經濟
    零工經濟
    Uber駕駛
    勞動意識
    做件意識
    Sharing platform
    sharing economy
    gig economy
    Uber drivers
    labor consciousness
    piece-work consciousness
    Date: 2022
    Issue Date: 2022-08-01 18:25:47 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 近年,共享平台成為新興商業模式,同時也成為各國勞動階級的工作選擇,而Uber作為平台經濟的代表企業,為國內計程車產業掀起改革風潮,Uber駕駛則成為第一線經驗到這類遠端接單的零工勞動者。本研究目的在於描寫勞動者如何經驗到新型態的勞動體制,以及如何從中發展出群體的勞動意識。

    本文以Uber駕駛為研究對象,以Richard Edwards的研究架構分析Uber平台如何透過系統及其機制控制Uber駕駛,分別探討派單、評分系統、等級制度及客服系統如何被資方設計並遠端控制勞動者,再透過深度訪談法,探究駕駛們如何體驗其勞動過程,從中產生特殊的勞動意識;除此之外,本研究也透過謝國雄分析台灣製造業計件工的勞動意識研究,指出Uber駕駛儘管處於新興勞動模式之下,卻仍與計件工同樣發展出相似的做件意識。

    本研究發現,系統的派單機制會促使Uber駕駛的勞動時間加長,加深「時間等於金錢」的工作觀,而勞動者普遍會以「均時薪」的說法作為內部群體的比較基準,然而,卻也會以訴諸個人運氣的「運氣說」,來解釋無法被前者概之的狀況。其次,本文闡述Uber的評分系統及等級制度如何作用於個別的勞動者身上,並將其納入一套規訓的手法之中,讓駕駛產生既消極、又合理化這項制度的勞動心態;另外,方案等級的設計,也打造出「時間彈性」與「長工時」並存的特殊情況,而客服系統的侷限性,更讓勞動者面臨可能被停權的焦慮當中,以消極的行動回應非人性化的系統。最後,本文描述在這樣的情況之下,勞動者仍展現出某種程度的自主性及能動性,突顯新型態控制手段與勞動者之間的動態變化;在其中,也點出Uber與傳統計程車的衝突關係,描述Uber駕駛如何藉由差異化區分彼此,形成群體特殊的階級意識。
    Sharing platforms has become a rising business model and popular job option for the labor class in recent years. Uber, as a representative enterprise of the platform economy, has caused a revolutionary change in the domestic taxi industry. Uber drivers have thus become frontline workers who have experience in receiving remote orders. The purpose of this study is to describe how these workers experience the new type of labor system, and how they develop collaborative labor consciousness.

    This research focuses on Uber drivers, analyzing how the Uber platform manages Uber drivers through its system and mechanism. Based on the theoretical framework proposed by Richard Edwards, this study tries to discover how the dispatching system, rating system, grading system, and customer service system designed by Uber control its workers remotely. The qualitative data is collected by interviews to further explore drivers’ working experience and the labor consciousness generated from it. In addition, by comparing Shieh Gwo-Shyong’s study about the labor consciousness of piece-rate workers, a similar labor consciousness has been found between piece-rate workers in a traditional industry and Uber drivers in the new labor model.

    Based on the findings of the study, Uber’s dispatching mechanism is found to increase the working hours of Uber drivers and strengthen the concept that "Time is money". However, workers generally use the term "Average Hourly Wage" as the benchmark for comparison within groups. The "Luck Theory" is also adopted to attribute personal luck to causes that are out of individual control. Second, the impact of Uber`s rating system and grading system on individual workers is interpreted in the study. The findings show that the regulated mechanism has generated drivers’ passive labor consciousness and rationalized it at the same time. Furthermore, the design of the grading system creates a unique coexistence between "time flexibility" and "long working hours". Also, the limitations of the customer service system increase workers’ anxieties about suspension, which leads to their negative responses to the user-hostile system. However, under such circumstances, the workers are still found to display a certain degree of autonomy and agency, highlighting the dynamic changes between new forms of management and workers’ responses. Last but not least, the conflict between Uber and traditional taxi drivers is presented in the study. The findings show the phenomenon that Uber drivers distinguish each other through differentiation, forming a group-specific class consciousness.
    Reference: Braverman, H., 1974. Labor and Monopoly Capital: The Degradation of Work in the Twentieth Century. New York: Monthly Review Press.
    Burawoy, M., 1979. Manufacturing Consent: Changes in the Labor Process under Monopoly capitalism. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
    _______., 1985. The Politics of Production. Factory Reime under Capitalism and Socialism. London:Verso.
    Burawoy, M.著(2005),林宗弘、張烽益、鄭力軒、沈倖如、王鼎傑、周文仁、魏希聖譯。《製造甘願:壟斷資本主義勞動過程的歷史變遷》。台北:群學。
    Bernhardt, A., 2014. Labor Standards and the Reorganization of Work: Gaps in Data and Research. IRLE Working Paper No. 100-14.
    Chan, Ngai Keung. 2019. The Rating Game: The Discipline of Uber’s User-Generated Ratings. Surveillance & Society 17(1/2): 183-190.
    Edwards, Richard. 1979. Contested terrain: The ransformation of the workplace in the twentieth century. New York: Basic Books.
    Eurofound, 2018. Employment and working conditions of elected types of platform work, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.
    _________, 2019. Platform work: Maximising the potential while safeguarding standards?, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.
    Gandini, A., 2018. Labour process theory and the gig economy. HUMAN RELATIONS. http://journals.sagepub.com/home/hum
    Giddens, A. 著(1994),簡惠美譯,《資本主義與現代社會理論:馬克思.涂爾幹.韋伯》。臺北市:遠流。
    Lincoln, Y. S. & Guba, E., 1985. Naturalistic inquiry. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
    Ravenelle, A. J., 2019. Hustle and Gig: Struggling and Surviving in the Sharing
    Economy. Oakland, California: University of California Press.
    Ravenelle, A. J. 著(2022),戴榕儀譯,《接單人生:兼差、斜槓、自由工作,零工世代的職場樣貌與實況記錄》。台北市:創意市集出版。
    Rosenblat, A., 2018. Uberland: How Algorithms Are Rewriting the Rules of Work. Oakland, California: University of California Press.
    Ritzer, G. 著(2004),楊淑嬌譯,《當代社會學理論》。臺北市:麥格羅希爾。
    Standing, G. 2011. The Precariat: The New Dangerous Class. London, Bloomsbury Academic.
    Standing, G. 著(2019),劉維人譯,《不穩定無產階級:一個因全球化而生的當代新危險階級,他們為何產生,造成什麼問題,社會又該如何因應?》臺北市:臉譜,城邦文化。
    Wood, A. J., Graham, M., Lehdonvirta, V., Hjorth, I., 2019a. Good Gig, Bad Gig: Autonomy and Algorithmic Control in the Global Gig Economy. Work, Employment and Society, Vol. 33(1), 56–75.
    __________________________________________, 2019b. Networked but Commodified: The (Dis)Embeddedness of Digital Labour in the Gig Economy. Sociology, Vol. 53(5), 931–950.

    網路文章
    Bussewitz, C., 2019. Ride-hailing drivers expose financial unrest before Uber IPO. TaiwanNews.
    https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3697690

    Cook, James. 2015. Uber`s internal charts show how its driver-rating system actually works. Business Insider. Retrieved from https://www.businessinsider.com/leaked-charts-show-how-ubers-driver-rating-system-works-2015-2

    Dean, Grace. 2020. A new lawsuit accuses Uber of intentional race discrimination,` claiming the star-rating system it has used to fire drivers is biased. Business Insider. Retrieved from https://www.businessinsider.com/uber-lawsuit-discrimination-ratings-civil-rights-drivers-fired-2020-10

    DeShong, Travis. 2019. Do drivers think you’re a Ridezilla’? Better check your Uber rating. The Washington Post. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/do-drivers-think-youre-a-ridezilla-better-check-your-uber-rating/2019/07/18/8b441588-a291-11e9-b732-41a79c2551bf_story.html

    Iqbal, M. 2021. Uber Revenue and Usage Statistics (2021). Business of Apps. Retrieved from https://www.businessofapps.com/data/uber-statistics/

    Juggernaut. 2016. What startups are working on “Uber for X?”. Retrieved from https://medium.com/uber-for-x/what-startups-are-working-on-uber-for-x-b513d7d620b8

    Smith, C. The short overview of the labour process perspective and history of the International Labour Process Conference. International Labour Process Conference(ILPC). Retrieved from https://www.ilpc.org.uk/Portals/7/CommonDocuments/ILPC-Background.pdf

    Killick, R., 2015. `Sharing economy` companies like Uber and Airbnb aren`t really `sharing` anything. Retrieved from
    https://www.businessinsider.com/sharing-economy-companies-like-uber-and-airbnb-arent-really-sharing-anything-2015-10?utm_source=copy-link&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=topbar

    Paul, Kari. 2019. Uber to ban riders with low ratings: will you pass the test? The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/may/31/uber-to-ban-riders-with-low-ratings

    Saitto, S., 2014. Uber Valued at $40 Billion in $1.2 Billion Equity Funding. Bloomberg. Retrieved from
    https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-12-04/uber-valued-at-40-billion-with-1-2-billion-equity-fundraising

    Freeman, S., 2015. `Uberization` Of Everything Is Happening, But Not Every `Uber` Will Succeed. HUFFPOST. Retrieved from
    https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2015/04/01/uberization-uber-of-everything_n_6971752.html

    交通部(2020)。108年計程車營運狀況調查(專職部分)。交通部統計處計程車營運狀況調查。
    https://www.motc.gov.tw/uploaddowndoc?file=survey/202011040929120.pdf&filedisplay=108%E5%B9%B4%E8%A8%88%E7%A8%8B%E8%BB%8A%E7%87%9F%E9%81%8B%E7%8B%80%E6%B3%81%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%A5%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A%28%E5%B0%88%E8%81%B7%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%29.pdf&flag=doc

    汽車運輸業管理規則第103條之1條文。全國法規資料庫。
    https://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawSingle.aspx?pcode=K0040003&flno=103-1
    林宗弘、洪敬舒、李健鴻、王兆慶、張烽益(2011)。《崩世代:財團化、貧窮化與少子女化的危機》。台北市:台灣勞工陣線協會。
    林宗弘(2009)。台灣的後工業化:階級結構的轉型與社會不平等,1992-
    2007。臺灣社會學刊,43,頁93-158。
    ______(2015)。臺灣階級不平等擴大的原因與後果。臺灣經濟預測與政策,45:2,頁45-68。中央研究院經濟研究所。
    柯志哲、張佩青(2014)。區隔的勞動市場?:探討臺灣典型與非典型工作者的工作流動與薪資差異。臺灣社會學刊,55,頁127-177。
    高文彬(2010)。勞動過程中勞工自願性服從的控制機制。台灣勞動評論,第二卷第二期,頁431-448。
    高慧珠、劉梅君(2020)。數位浪潮下各國零工經濟勞動者保護機制轉變之啟示。台灣勞工季刊,第63期,頁69-頁74。
    高慧珠(2020)。零工經濟勞動者勞動保護規範之探討-以應用程式執行按需工作為例。國立政治大學勞工研究所碩士學位論文。
    陳向明(2002)。社會科學質的研究。臺北市:五南。
    連詩雅(2005)。生命商品化的勞動體制─台灣壽險業的銷售勞動研究。國立清華大學社會學研究所碩士論文。
    鈕文英(2017)。質性研究方法與論文寫作(二版)。臺北市:雙葉書廊。
    勞動部(2021)。109年部分工時勞工就業實況調查報告。 
    https://statdb.mol.gov.tw/html/svy09/0921all.pdf
    蔡惠鈞(2009)。勞動過程之研究:新聞記者的勞動控制和展現主體。台灣勞動評論,1(1),頁89-113。
    鄭津津(2011)。非典型就業之衡平機制—法制面之研究。行政院經濟建設委員會委託研究。
    謝國雄(1997)。《純勞動:台灣勞動體制諸論》。台北:中央研究院社會學研究所。
    ______(2008)。從援引、運用、推新到挑戰:台灣勞動研究回顧,1973-2005。頁243-319。收入謝國雄編,《群學爭鳴:臺灣社會學發展史,1945-2005》。台北:群學。

    網路文章
    Uber社群指引。Uber官方網站。上網日期:2022/04/15。
    https://www.uber.com/tw/zh-tw/safety/uber-community-guidelines/
    Uber多元化計程車合作夥伴與租賃車行 (合稱「MPT/RCP」) 聯營Pro優禮遇方案之條款與細則。Uber官方網站。上網日期:2022/04/19。
    https://www.uber.com/legal/zh-tw/document/?name=pro-program-terms&country=taiwan&lang=zh-tw
    Uber平價車款服務「UberX」登台,搶攻計程車市場。2014/05/08。
    上網日期2021/02/20。
    https://www.bnext.com.tw/article/32127/BN-ARTICLE-32127
    Uber所帶來的衝擊,可能只是未來科技中小小的引爆彈。風傳媒,
    2015/08/14。上網日期2021/02/20。https://www.storm.mg/lifestyle/62571
    「uberX 自用車載客意見徵集」諮詢會議逐字稿。2015/08/27。
    https://sayit.pdis.nat.gov.tw/2015-08-27-uberx-%E8%87%AA%E7%94%A8%E8%BB%8A%E8%BC%89%E5%AE%A2%E6%84%8F%E8%A6%8B%E5%BE%B5%E9%9B%86%E8%AB%AE%E8%A9%A2%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0
    用Uber合作駕駛APP成功上路。Uber官方網站。上網日期:2022/04/19。
    https://www.uber.com/tw/zh-tw/drive/taipei/get-started/app-tips/
    想開UBER? 沒老闆可幫投勞健保。蘋果日報,2016/12/06。
    上網日期2021/02/20。
    https://tw.appledaily.com/life/20161206/GHAVWEVE2PSFRJKUXBIKCBW5DQ/
    行政院新聞傳播處,2016,「Uber在台營運爭議之說明」。
    https://www.ey.gov.tw/Page/5A8A0CB5B41DA11E/0ecdf53d-93c0-4381-85d3-5edbb749d0cb
    Uber宣布2月10日起暫停在台服務 交通部已開罰逾11億元。上報,
    2017/02/02。https://www.upmedia.mg/news_info.php?SerialNo=11533
    Uber:2月10日起暫停台灣服務。中央社,2017/02/02。上網日期
    2021/02/20。https://www.cna.com.tw/news/ahel/201702025009.aspx
    「Uber讓我生活有尊嚴」不滿政府重罰,Uber司機交通部前靜坐。風傳媒,2017/02/10。上網日期2021/02/20。https://www.storm.mg/article/221914
    Uber回來了!將與租賃車合作,現可開始叫車。風傳媒,2017/04/13。上網日期2021/02/20。https://www.storm.mg/article/249456
    Uber懶人包沒告訴你的事:「搭車」出了事,算誰的責任? 關鍵評論網,
    2019/03/15。上網日期2021/02/20。
    https://www.thenewslens.com/article/115251
    「我又合法了、我又違法了」 Uber在台大事紀。上報,2019/05/28。上網日期2021/02/20。https://www.upmedia.mg/news_info.php?SerialNo=64190
    Uber司機收入多少?全職駕駛每月收入6~8萬以上,但困難在「作息規律」及「財務規劃」。Mr. Market市場先生,2019/07/30。上網日期
    2021/02/20。https://rich01.com/how-uber-drive-live/
    【Uber 條款明日上路】一次看懂 Uber 新模式,未來還有浮動費率這回事嗎?TechOrange科技報橘,2019/10/05。上網日期2021/02/20。https://buzzorange.com/techorange/2019/10/05/uber-tw-new-way/
    Grab 在台招募工程師!該給台灣薪資 or 新加坡薪資,網友吵翻天。科技報橘,2021/05/06。上網日期:2022/04/29。
    https://buzzorange.com/techorange/2021/05/06/grab-in-taiwan/
    讓步!Uber營運模式轉彎,改與多元計程車合作。數位時代,2019/10/01。上網日期2021/02/20。
    https://www.bnext.com.tw/article/54933/uber-taiwan-transform-model
    外送員車禍事故驚人 北市14天達31件釀1死、21傷。風傳媒,
    2019/10/15。上網日期2021/02/20。https://www.storm.mg/article/1830433
    外送員之死》foodpanda強調「承攬關係」 勞動部:是業者片面認定。風傳媒,2019/10/15。上網日期2021/02/20。
    https://www.storm.mg/article/1831403
    外送員意外事故頻傳 綠委要求勞動部協助成立職業工會。風傳媒,
    2019/10/15。上網日期2021/02/20。https://www.storm.mg/article/1829313
    外送員之死》擔心被平台停權、沒有收入 外送員嘆:機制不完善,搶快背後有辛酸。風傳媒,2019/10/15。上網日期2021/02/20。
    https://www.storm.mg/article/1832008
    勞檢出爐 UberEATS、熊貓與外送員屬僱傭關係。中時新聞網,2019/10/30。上網日期2021/02/20。
    https://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20191030002857-260405?chdtv
    Uber條款上路後車數大減、等車變久 民眾搭乘意願降低。自由時報,
    2020/01/18。上網日期2021/02/20。https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/life/breakingnews/3044502
    你沒了工作,那就打零工吧:《失控企業下的白老鼠》選摘(4)。風傳媒,2020/01/31。上網日期2021/02/20。https://www.storm.mg/article/2182323?mode=whole
    創市際「外送平台品牌調查」出爐:7 成美食外送為兼職、自由彈性高報酬是外送員的優先考量。INSIDE硬塞的網路趨勢觀察,2020/04/24。上網日期
    2021/02/20。https://www.inside.com.tw/article/19565-foodpanda-survey01
    「非小黃」數量年增3倍 多元計程車為何今年飆新高?聯合報。2020/11/28。最後上網日期:2022/04/10。https://autos.udn.com/autos/story/12168/5046998
    「非小黃」時代來臨!多元計程車興起年增三倍 搶攻派遣車市場。Yahoo!奇摩新聞。2020/12/7。最後上網日期:2022/04/10。https://reurl.cc/akQYVD
    中央社,〈疫情影響 110年失業率3.95%創7年新高〉,2022/01/22。最後查看日期:2022/04/10。https://www.cna.com.tw/news/afe/202201220223.aspx
    星級評分的運作方式,Uber官方網站。最後上網日期:2022/04/14。
    https://www.uber.com/tw/zh-tw/drive/basics/how-ratings-work/
    乘客在哪些情況下需要支付取消費用?。Uber官方網站。最後上網日期:
    2022/04/28。https://help.uber.com/zh-TW/driving-and-delivering/article/%E4%B9%98%E5%AE%A2%E5%9C%A8%E5%93%AA%E4%BA%9B%E6%83%85%E6%B3%81%E4%B8%8B%E9%9C%80%E8%A6%81%E6%94%AF%E4%BB%98%E5%8F%96%E6%B6%88%E8%B2%BB%E7%94%A8%EF%BC%9F?nodeId=eebc0564-5228-4d70-997c-0fe63f0753c2
    關於無縫接案行程的資訊。Uber官方網站。最後上網日期:2022/04/29。
    https://www.uber.com/tw/zh-tw/drive/basics/back-to-back-trips/
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    社會學系
    107254010
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107254010
    Data Type: thesis
    DOI: 10.6814/NCCU202201088
    Appears in Collections:[社會學系] 學位論文

    Files in This Item:

    File Description SizeFormat
    401001.pdf3896KbAdobe PDF2138View/Open


    All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.


    社群 sharing

    著作權政策宣告 Copyright Announcement
    1.本網站之數位內容為國立政治大學所收錄之機構典藏,無償提供學術研究與公眾教育等公益性使用,惟仍請適度,合理使用本網站之內容,以尊重著作權人之權益。商業上之利用,則請先取得著作權人之授權。
    The digital content of this website is part of National Chengchi University Institutional Repository. It provides free access to academic research and public education for non-commercial use. Please utilize it in a proper and reasonable manner and respect the rights of copyright owners. For commercial use, please obtain authorization from the copyright owner in advance.

    2.本網站之製作,已盡力防止侵害著作權人之權益,如仍發現本網站之數位內容有侵害著作權人權益情事者,請權利人通知本網站維護人員(nccur@nccu.edu.tw),維護人員將立即採取移除該數位著作等補救措施。
    NCCU Institutional Repository is made to protect the interests of copyright owners. If you believe that any material on the website infringes copyright, please contact our staff(nccur@nccu.edu.tw). We will remove the work from the repository and investigate your claim.
    DSpace Software Copyright © 2002-2004  MIT &  Hewlett-Packard  /   Enhanced by   NTU Library IR team Copyright ©   - Feedback