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    政大機構典藏 > 法學院 > 法律學系 > 學位論文 >  Item 140.119/142094
    Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/142094


    Title: 由延伸生產者責任論我國一般廢棄物回收清除處理法制
    An Extended Producer Responsibility Aspect on the Regime of Waste Recycling, Clearance, and Disposal in Taiwan
    Authors: 張晏芳
    Chang, Yen-Fang
    Contributors: 傅玲靜
    Fu, Ling-Ching
    張晏芳
    Chang, Yen-Fang
    Keywords: 延伸生產者責任
    廢棄物清理法
    回收清除處理費
    環境法
    環境公課
    Waste Disposal Act
    Extended producer responsibility
    Recycling, clearance, and disposal fees
    Environmental Law
    Environmental taxes
    Date: 2022
    Issue Date: 2022-10-05 09:07:48 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 我國現行的廢棄物回收清除處理制度,在廢棄物清理法的規定下,依廢棄物之來源,分為事業廢棄物及一般廢棄物。此種分類方式使得事業與製造一般廢棄物的責任業者,分別負有不同的廢棄物回收清理義務,即事業負有回收清理事業廢棄物之行為義務,製造一般廢棄物之責任業者則僅須繳納回收清除處理費,並由地方政府負責回收清理。在回收清除處理費之課徵是為落實延伸生產者責任,由責任業者為環境污染行為負責之制度下,我國全面課以責任業者繳納回收清除處理費,並授權主管機關對於責任業者範圍之認定、回收清除處理費費率之決定、繳費之計算標準及計算方式等享有一定之形成空間之回收清理模式,實為立法者、行政機關乃至作成司法院釋字第788號解釋之大法官,未能具體掌握延伸生產者責任制度落實之方法與應遵守之指導原則,致使回收清除處理費之課徵有侵害責任業者基本權利及未能達到經濟誘導目的之疑慮。
    關於延伸生產者責任制度之落實,歐洲聯盟除了在2008年廢棄物框架指令中明確定義延伸生產者責任之概念外,也陸續公布了與廢棄包裝、報廢車輛、廢電機電子設備及廢電池等廢棄物回收清理相關之指令,以提供各國落實延伸生產者責任的方向。再者,美國在廢電子回收、廢地毯回收及廢容器回收之制度上,也有州政府引進延伸生產者責任之概念,以求能透過課以生產者回收清理廢棄物之義務,達到環境保護與永續發展之目標。因此,本文擬從延伸生產者責任制度發展較為成熟且完整的歐洲聯盟相關指令及美國的回收法制作為觀察標的,進而檢視我國廢棄物清理法制面上之問題,以期能建構出一套兼顧責任業者基本權利保障且亦能使其負起廢棄物回收清理責任,以促進環境資源回收再利用與永續發展的廢棄物回收清理法制。
    Under the Waste Disposal Act, Taiwan`s waste recycling and disposal system is divided into industrial waste and general waste according to the source of waste. This classification method makes the industry activities and the responsible enterprises of general waste have different waste recycling and cleaning obligations. Industry activities are obliged to recycle and clean up industrial waste, while the responsible enterprises of general waste are only required to pay recycling, clearance, and disposal fees. Under the system in which the levy of recycling, clearance, and disposal fees is to implement extended producer responsibility, our country only levies the fees to responsible enterprises. Under the Waste Disposal Act, legislators also authorize the Environmental Protection Administration to determine the scope of the responsible enterprises, fee rates, the calculation standard, and the calculation methods. It is certainly the legislator, the administrative agency, and even the judge who made the interpretation of the Judicial Yuan No. 788 unable to know how to implement the extended producer responsibility. The collection of recycling, clearance and disposal fees may infringe the rights of the responsible enterprises and fail to achieve the purpose of economic inducement.
    The European Union has clearly given the definition of extended producer responsibility under Directive 2008/98/EC. And it also announced the Directives on waste packaging, end-of-life vehicles, waste electrical and electronic equipment, and waste batteries. Those Directives have provided the direction to EU countries to implement the extended producer responsibility. Furthermore, in the United States, in the system of waste electronic recycling, waste carpet recycling, and waste container recycling, some state governments have also adopted the concept of extended producer responsibility, in order to give the responsible enterprises obligation to recycle and clean up waste to protect the environment. Therefore, this thesis intends to analyze the EU directives and the US recycling laws, which are relatively mature and complete in the development of the extended producer responsibility system. Then I will examine the problems in the legal system of waste disposal in Taiwan, in order to construct a waste recycling and cleaning legal system that takes into account the protection of the basic rights of responsible enterprises and also enables them to take responsibility for waste recycling and cleaning, to promote the recycling and reuse of environmental resources and sustainable development.
    Reference: 一、中文文獻

    (一)專書

    Ahmed M. Hussen(著),陳凱俐(譯),環境經濟原理:經濟學、生態學與公共政策,台北:揚智,2001年。
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    (二)期刊論文

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    (三)專書論文

    王韻茹,環境公課的憲法基礎原則,收於:柯格鐘編,環境公課(第一冊),元照,頁25-46,2020年。
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    (四)研究報告

    湯德宗(計畫主持人)、陳春生(協同主持人),廢棄物資源回收制度改進之研究,行政院研究發展考核委員會委託,1997年。

    (五)學位論文

    王毓正,環境公課(Umweltabgaben)之研究──以污染物排放費(Emmisionsabgaben)為中心,國立成功大學法律學研究所碩士論文,1999年6月。
    林穎,能源相關環境公課之法制建構,國立台灣大學法律學院法律研究所碩士論文,2017年4月。
    翁敬翔,由歐洲聯盟循環經濟法制發展檢討我國廢棄物體管理法制之修正,國立政治大學法律學系碩士班碩士學位論文,2019年6月。

    二、英文文獻

    (一)專書

    Pigou, Arthur (1920), THE ECONOMICS OF WELFARE, Macmillan.

    (二)期刊論文

    Boyer, Scott, The Ten-Cent Windfall: Bottle Returns, Interstate Commerce, And Environmental Fallout, 17 J. L. SOCIETY, 27 (2016).
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    Sachs, Noah, Planning the Funeral at the Birth: Extended Producer Responsibility in the European Union and the United States, 30HARV. ENVTL. L. REV., 51 (2006).
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    (三)博士論文

    Lindhqvist, Thomas (2000), Extended Producer Responsibility in Cleaner Production: Policy Principle to Promote Environmental Improvements of Product Systems, IIIEE, Lund University.

    (四)歐盟指令

    Directive 2000/53/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 September 2000 on end-of life vehicles - Commission Statements, OJ L 269, p. 34-43 ( 2000).
    Directive 2002/96/EC of the European Parliament and of the council of 27 January 2003 on waste electrical and electronic equipment, OJ L 269, p. 24-39 ( 2000).
    Directive 2006/66/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 September 2006 on batteries and accumulators and waste batteries and accumulators and repealing Directive 91/157/EEC, OJ L 266, p. 1-14 (2006).
    Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on waste and repealing certain Directives, OJ L 312, p. 99-126 (2008).
    Directive 2012/19/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 July 2012 on waste electrical and electronic equipment , OJ L 197, p. 38-71 (2012).
    Directive (EU) 2018/849 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2018 amending Directives 2000/53/EC on end-of-life vehicles, 2006/66/EC on batteries and accumulators and waste batteries and accumulators, and 2012/19/EU on waste electrical and electronic equipment, OJ L 150, p. 93-99 (2018).
    Directive (EU) 2018/851 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2018 amending Directive 2008/98/EC on waste, OJ L 150, p. 109-140 (2018).
    Directive (EU) 2018/852 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2018 amending Directive 94/62/EC on packaging and packaging waste, OJ L 150, p. 141-154 (2018).
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    (五)法院判決

    American Can Co. v. Oregon Liquor Control Commission, Court of Appeals of Oregon, 517 P.2D 691 (1973).
    American Beverage Association v. Snyder, United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit , 735 F.3D 362 (2013).
    American Beverage Ass`n v. Snyder, Supreme Court of the United States, 571 U.S. 818 (2013).
    Judgment of the Court, France v Ladbroke Racing and Commission, Case C-83/98 (2000).
    Judgment of the Court, French Republic v Commission of the European Communities, Case C-482/99 (2002).
    Judgment of the Court (Fourth Chamber), Achema AB and Others v Valstybinė kainų ir energetikos kontrolės komisija (VKEKK), Case C‑706/17 (2019).
    Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 21 October 2020, Société Eco TLC v. Ministre de la Transition écologique et solidaire and Ministre de l’Économie et des Finances, Case C-556/19 (2020).
    Mid-State Distributing v. City of Columbia , Missouri Court of Appeals, Western District, 617 S.W.2D 419 (1981).
    Minnesota v. Clover Leaf Creamery Co., Supreme Court of the United States, 449 U.S. 456 (1981).
    VIZIO, Inc. v. Klee, United States District Court, D. Connecticut., 2016 WL 1305116 (2016).
    VIZIO, Inc. v. Klee, United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit, 886 F.3D 249 (2018).
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    法律學系
    108651017
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0108651017
    Data Type: thesis
    DOI: 10.6814/NCCU202201592
    Appears in Collections:[法律學系] 學位論文

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