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| Title: | 為什麼戴口罩？ ——個體性與臺美疫情下的法意識比較
Why Wear a Mask? - Individuality and a Comparison of Legal Consciousness in Taiwan and USA During the Pandemic |
| Authors: | 黃翊
Huang, Yi |
| Contributors: | 王曉丹
Wang, Hsiao-Tan
黃翊
Huang, Yi |
| Keywords: | 法意識
個體性
個人主義
集體主義
COVID-19
口罩
Legal consciousness
Individuality
Individualism
Collectivism
COVID-19
Mask |
| Date: | 2022 |
| Issue Date: | 2022-10-05 09:24:42 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 2020年COVID-19疫情席捲全球，各國政府相繼制定相關防疫措施，其中強制人民在公共場所戴口罩被視為是一種有效抑制病毒傳播的手段，然而口罩強制規定在各國文化下卻有著截然不同的迴響。身處於東亞文化圈的我們多數採取順從的姿態，不過在其他疫情更加嚴重的歐美地區，卻相繼出現了反對口罩規定的聲浪。
究竟人們為什麼戴口罩？Lu等（2021）的研究中指出，一地區的戴口罩比例和集體－個人主義文化指數有很大的關聯性，說明了集體和個人主義文化傾向將會影響到人們遵守口罩規定的意願。但由於目前大部分的疫情研究都是透過問卷所進行的量化分析，無法呈現出疫情下個體和集體的互動過程，亦無法解釋該互動又如何影響個人戴口罩的行為。為了深入理解此一社會過程，本研究以1918年西班牙流感疫情下的美國、2020年COVID-19疫情下的臺灣與美國——三個不同時空背景的案例作為核心，進行臺美疫情下的「法意識」比較研究。
所謂「法意識」即人們經驗、理解或實踐法律的方式，該領域研究強調個人與其他集體的互動關係對其自我認同與法意識的影響力（Chua & Engel，2019）。本研究透過比較不同時空案例中個體與集體的互動方式，呈現出疫情下法意識的形塑過程，並發現在個人和集體主義文化的圖像下，集體意識對個體法意識之發展有重大影響，其中「政治」、「社會危機感」，及「特殊的歷史脈絡」更是影響個體戴口罩行為的強力因素。
此外，由於東西方文化在不同的歷史脈絡下，個人與集體的互動方式有不同的運作邏輯，本文因此透過費孝通（1948）團體格局與差序格局的理論解釋其中的差異性，以作為臺美疫情下法意識圖像的論述補充。
最後，本研究透過歷史比較分析，體現出個體性在法意識研究中的重要性。無論是在集體或個人主義文化之下，或是身處團體格局或差序格局的邏輯之中，人們是否遵守強制規定，皆和其個體性有很大的關聯性。本文主張，在特定時空歷史下持續被建構出來的習性，以及依此所形塑出來的個人和集體互動的文化模式，這些個體性乃是形塑人們法意識的核心關鍵。
Since 2020, COVID-19 has claimed the globe. Governments enact various prevention policies, among which forcing people to wear a mask in public places is considered an effective way of slowing virus transmission. However, reactions to coercive mask-wearing vary in different countries and cultures. Most East-Asian cultures abide by these regulations, while disapproval or objections emerge in Euro-American region, where the pandemic seriously strikes.
Why do people wear masks? Lu et al. (2021) point out the strong correlation between collectivism–individualism index and the percentage of people wearing a mask. This suggests that the tendency of collectivistic and individualistic cultures will affect if people wear a mask. Unfortunately, most studies on the pandemic are based on quantitative surveys, which neither help to represent the interaction between the individual and the collective, nor understand how the interaction influences the individual’s decision on mask-wearing. In order to comprehend this social process, this study targets the U.S. under the 1918 Spanish Flu, and the U.S. and Taiwan under 2020 COVID-19 as three cases of different spatial-temporal setting so as to conduct a comparative study on legal consciousness of Taiwan and the U.S.
The so-called “legal consciousness” is the way people experience, understand, or practice laws. The research field emphasizes the influence of the interaction between the individual and the collective on personal identity and legal consciousness (Chua & Engel 2019). This study compares the interaction between the individual and the collective in the three cases, shows the formation of legal consciousness under the pandemic, and discovers that, in collectivistic and individualistic cultures, collective consciousness has great influence on the development of individual’s legal consciousness, in which “politics”, “social awareness of crisis” and specific historical context” are deciding factors in wearing a mask.
Moreover, due to different historical context of Eastern and Western cultures, the logic of the interaction between the individual and the collective varies. The study thus explains the difference between “organizational mode of association” and “differential mode of association” (Fei 1948) as complement to the legal consciousness of Taiwan and the U.S. under the pandemic.
Lastly, through comparative historical analysis, the study demonstrates the importance of individuality in the study of legal consciousness. Both in collectivistic and individualistic cultures, and in organizational mode of association and differential mode of association, whether or not people follow coercive actions correlates to their individuality. This study therefore argues that, habitus constructed in specific historical context, and cultural patterns of interaction between individuals and the collective formed by which, are individuality that is central to the formation of people’s legal consciousness. |
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| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
法律科際整合研究所
108652027 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0108652027 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| DOI: | 10.6814/NCCU202201548 |
| Appears in Collections: | [法律科際整合研究所] 學位論文
|
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| 202701.pdf | | 1351Kb | Adobe PDF2 | 114 | View/Open |
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