English  |  正體中文  |  简体中文  |  Post-Print筆數 : 27 |  Items with full text/Total items : 111316/142225 (78%)
Visitors : 48392515      Online Users : 823
RC Version 6.0 © Powered By DSPACE, MIT. Enhanced by NTU Library IR team.
Scope Tips:
  • please add "double quotation mark" for query phrases to get precise results
  • please goto advance search for comprehansive author search
  • Adv. Search
    HomeLoginUploadHelpAboutAdminister Goto mobile version
    Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/145912


    Title: 中重度頭部外傷患者執行功能異常之自我覺察追蹤研究
    Self-Awareness of Dysexecutive Symptoms after Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Follow-up Study
    Authors: 莊富雅
    Chuang, Fu-Ya
    Contributors: 楊啟正
    莊富雅
    Chuang, Fu-Ya
    Keywords: 中重度頭部外傷
    執行功能異常症狀
    自我覺察
    Moderate-to-severe TBI
    Dysexecutive syndrome
    Self-awareness
    Date: 2023
    Issue Date: 2023-07-06 16:58:17 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 背景:頭部外傷患者的自我覺察缺損常表現在身體、行為與認知等不同層面;過去研究雖已探討不同評估者觀點作為自我覺察能力指標的準確性,以及其與認知功能的關連性,但鮮少分析自我覺察在受傷後不同時期的變化,以及與認知功能的關係。另一方面,不同研究中的評估者、患者嚴重程度、患者所在場域及評估時間點等,皆仍未釐清。有鑑於此,本研究以縱貫研究法來探討自我覺察缺損的復原歷程。

    方法:本研究招募11位中重度頭部外傷患者與11位健康控制組的受試者,並採用執行功能異常症狀問卷(Dysexecutive Questionnaire, DEX)評估受試者日常生活中出現執行功能異常症狀的頻率;同時,以DEX「差異分數」(自評與重要他人評估差異、自評與研究者評估差異)作為自我覺察能力的指標。以健康組患者的一次評估作為比較基準點,評估患者分別於急性期(受傷後一個月)、亞急性期(受傷後三個月)、慢性期(受傷後六個月)的執行功能異常症狀與自我覺察能力,並比較不同評估者(患者、重要他人、研究者)觀點的差異。除此之外,藉由急性期與慢性期的神經心理功能評估,驗證DEX「差異分數」所反映之自我覺察能力。

    結果:本研究發現急性期不同評估者的觀點差異較大,以研究者較能呈現患者之自我覺察缺損;亞急性期評估者間的差異減少,以重要他人的評估較能反映日常生活中的缺損;慢性期則患者多數已無自我覺察缺損。其次,藉由DEX「差異分數」於三次評估的變化,可發現自我覺察復原歷程上的異質性。最後,執行功能與自我覺察具關連的趨勢。

    結論:藉由DEX「差異分數」可呈現患者的自我覺察改變,亦可能藉由DEX評估初步瞭解患者面臨的認知功能缺損或生活適應困難。據此,從急性期開始納入DEX多觀點的評估,可補足神經心理功能評估較無法呈現之日常生活中的缺損,以及自我覺察缺損。
    Background: Impairment of self-awareness is not uncommon after traumatic brain injury (TBI), which is manifested in multiple domains including physical, behavioral, and cognitive ones. Many studies have investigated the accuracy of different informants’ index to evaluate self-awareness and its association with cognitive functions. However, the trajectory of self-awareness after TBI in different recovery phases is still unknown. In addition, the criteria of self-awareness assessment in past studies were still unclear in terms of informants, severity, stages and places. This study thus aims to explore the recovery trajectory of self-awareness along with the recovery process within six months post-injury.

    Methods: This study recruited 11 participants with moderate-to-severe TBI and 11 healthy controls. The dysexecutive syndrome in daily life was measured by Dysexecutive Questionnaire (DEX) and self-awareness was assessed by discrepancy scores between participants and others (patients/significant other discrepancies and patients/researcher discrepancies) on DEX. Using healthy control’s DEX scores and awareness index as a baseline, we compared the assessment of patients at acute stage (one-month post-injury), subacute stage (three-months post-injury), and chronic stage (six-months post-injury), and we also analyzed the difference of informants’ index (subject, significant other, researcher). In addition, we clarify the relationship between DEX discrepancy scores and self-awareness through the neuropsychological assessment at acute and chronic stage.

    Result: The results showed that the informants’ index was different at acute stage, indicating that researcher’s perspective was more able to uncover patients’ impaired self-awareness. The differences among informants’ index were decreasing at subacute stage, showing that significant other’s perspective was more able to reveal patients’ impairments in daily life. Most of the patients did not show impaired self-awareness at chronic stage. Furthermore, the heterogeneity in the recovery process of impaired self-awareness was revealed by using discrepancy scores of DEX. Lastly, there was a significant association between executive function and self-awareness.

    Conclusion: The trajectory of impaired self-awareness could be presented by discrepancy scores of DEX, which might also provide a preliminary information of cognitive deficits and adaptation to life changes of patients. Therefore, different informant’s index of DEX in assessment from acute stage would add more information about impairments in daily life and impaired self-awareness.
    Reference: 王子蘭(2012)。長庚大學額葉指標-台灣版額葉評估量表與額葉行為量表之常模研究(碩士論文)。長庚大學,桃園市。
    胡佳妗(2015)。台灣版執行功能異常症候群行為衡鑑測驗之常模研究(碩士論文)。長庚大學,桃園市。
    高至潔(2009)。台灣正常中老年人尼爾森修訂版卡片分類測驗之常模研究(碩士論文)。取自:https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/40258
    郭曉燕(2009)。臺灣正常中老年人彩色路徑描繪測驗之常模研究(碩士論文)。取自:https://scholars.lib.ntu.edu.tw/handle/123456789/40255
    陳勁秀(2010)。台灣正常中老年人語意流暢度測驗之北部地區常模研究(碩士論文)。國立臺灣大學,台北市。
    樊皖君(2013)。台灣正常人史楚普字色測驗之常模研究(碩士論文)。國立臺灣大學,台北市。
    衛生福利部統計處(2020)。109年度全民健康保險醫療統計年報。取自:https://dep.mohw.gov.tw/dos/lp-5103-113.html
    Allen, C. C., & Ruff, R. M. (1990). Self-rating versus neuropsychological performance of moderate versus severe head-injured patients. Brain Injuty, 4(1), 7-17. doi: 10.3109/02699059009026143
    Anderson, S. W., & Tranel, D. (1989). Awareness of disease states following cerebral infarction, dementia, and head trauma: Standardized assessment. Clinical Neuropsychologist, 3(4), 327-339. doi: 10.1080/13854048908401482
    Bach, L. J., & David, A. S. (2006). Self-awareness after acquired and traumatic brain injury. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 16(4), 397-414. doi: 10.1080/09602010500412830
    Baddeley, A., & Hitch, G. (1974). Working Memory. In G. H. Bower (Ed.), Psychology of Learning and Motivation (Vol. 8, pp. 47-89): Academic Press.
    Baddeley, A., & Wilson, B. (1988). Frontal amnesia and the dysexecutive syndrome. Brain and Cognition, 7(2), 212-230. doi: 10.1016/0278-2626(88)90031-0
    Baddeley, A. D. (1998). The central executive: a concept and some misconceptions. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 4(5), 523-526. doi: 10.1017/s135561779800513x
    Barco, P. P., Crosson, B., Bolesta, M. M., Werts, D., & Stout, R. (1991). Training awareness and compensation in postacute head injury rehabilitation. In J. S. Kreutzer & P. H. Wehman (Eds.), Cognitive rehabilitation for persons with traumatic brain injury: A functional approach (pp. 129–146). Paul H. Brookes Publishing.
    Batchelor, J., Harvey, A. G., & Bryant, R. A. (1995). Stroop colour word test as a measure of attentional deficit following mild head injury. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 9(2), 180-186. doi: 10.1080/13854049508401600
    Benedictus, M. R., Spikman, J. M., & van der Naalt, J. (2010). Cognitive and behavioral impairment in traumatic brain injury related to outcome and return to work. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 91(9), 1436-1441. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2010.06.019
    Bennett, P. C., Ong, B., & Ponsford, J. (2005). Measuring executive dysfunction in an acute rehabilitation setting: using the dysexecutive questionnaire (DEX). Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 11(4), 376-385. doi: 10.1017/s1355617705050423
    Bivona, U., Ciurli, P., Barba, C., Onder, G., Azicnuda, E., Silvestro, D., . . . Formisano, R. (2008). Executive function and metacognitive self-awareness after severe traumatic brain injury. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 14(5), 862-868. doi: 10.1017/S1355617708081125
    Bivona, U., Costa, A., Contrada, M., Silvestro, D., Azicnuda, E., Aloisi, M., . . . Prigatano, G. P. (2019). Depression, apathy and impaired self-awareness following severe traumatic brain injury: a preliminary investigation. Brain Injury, 33(9), 1245-1256. doi: 10.1080/02699052.2019.1641225
    Boake, C., McCauley, S. R., Pedroza, C., Levin, H. S., Brown, S. A., & Brundage, S. I. (2005). Lost productive work time after mild to moderate traumatic brain injury with and without hospitalization. Neurosurgery, 56(5), 994-1003; discussion 1994-1003.
    Boelen, D. H., Spikman, J. M., Rietveld, A. C., & Fasotti, L. (2009). Executive dysfunction in chronic brain-injured patients: assessment in outpatient rehabilitation. Neuropsychological Rehabilotation, 19(5), 625-644. doi: 10.1080/09602010802613853
    Bogod, N. M., Mateer, C. A., & MacDonald, S. W. (2003). Self-awareness after traumatic brain injury: a comparison of measures and their relationship to executive functions. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 9(3), 450-458. doi: 10.1017/S1355617703930104
    Borgaro, S. R., Prigatano, G. P., Alcott, S., Kwasnica, C., & Cutter, N. (2003). The Patient Distress Scale questionnaire: factor structure and internal consistency. Brain Injury, 17(7), 545-551. doi: 10.1080/0269905031000070206
    Borkowski, J. G. (1996). Metacognition: Theory or chapter heading? Learning and Individual Differences, 8, 391-402. doi: 10.1016/S1041-6080(96)90025-4
    Broadbent, D. E., Broadbent, M. H. P., & Jones, J. L. (1986). Performance correlates of self-reported cognitive failure and of obsessionality. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 25(4), 285-299. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8260.1986.tb00708.x
    Broadbent, D. E., Cooper, P. F., FitzGerald, P., & Parkes, K. R. (1982). The Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ) and its correlates. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 21(1), 1-16. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8260.1982.tb01421.x
    Bryant, R. A., O`Donnell, M. L., Creamer, M., McFarlane, A. C., Clark, C. R., & Silove, D. (2010). The Psychiatric Sequelae of Traumatic Injury. American Journal of Psychiatry, 167(3), 312-320. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09050617
    Burgess, P., Alderman, N., Evans, J., Emslie, H., & Wilson, B. (1998). The ecological Validity of test of executive function. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 4, 547-558. doi: 10.1017/S1355617798466037
    Caldwell, S. B., Wilson, F. C., McBrinn, J., Carton, S., Delargy, M., McCann, J. P., . . . McGuire, B. E. (2014). Self-awareness following acquired brain injury: measurement and relationship to executive functioning. The Irish Journal of Psychology, 35(2-3), 53-68. doi: 10.1080/03033910.2014.921228
    Carlesimo, G. A., Sabbadini, M., Loasses, A., & Caltagirone, C. (1997). Forgetting from Long-Term Memory in Severe Closed-Head Injury Patients: Effect of Retrieval Conditions and Semantic Organization. Cortex, 33(1), 131-142. doi: 10.1016/S0010-9452(97)80009-3
    Carrigan, N., & Barkus, E. (2016). A systematic review of cognitive failures in daily life: Healthy populations. Neuroscience Biobehaviral Reviews, 63, 29-42. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.01.010
    Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (2001). On the self-regulation of behavior. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139174794
    Cavallo, M. M., Kay, T., & Ezrachi, O. (1992). Problems and changes after traumatic brain injury: differing perceptions within and between families. Brain Injury, 6(4), 327-335. doi: 10.3109/02699059209034947
    Chan, R. C. K. (2001). Dysexecutive symptoms among a non-clinical sample: A study with the use of the Dysexecutive Questionnaire. British Journal of Psychology, 92(3), 551-565. doi: 10.1348/000712601162338
    Chaytor, N., & Schmitter-Edgecombe, M. (2007). Fractionation of the dysexecutive syndrome in a heterogeneous neurological sample: comparing the Dysexecutive Questionnaire and the Brock Adaptive Functioning Questionnaire. Brain Injury, 21(6), 615-621. doi: 10.1080/02699050701426949
    Chesnel, C., Jourdan, C., Bayen, E., Ghout, I., Darnoux, E., Azerad, S., . . . Vallat-Azouvi, C. (2018). Self-awareness four years after severe traumatic brain injury: discordance between the patient’s and relative’s complaints. Results from the PariS-TBI study. Clinical rehabilitation, 32(5), 692-704. doi: 10.1177/0269215517734294
    Chiou, K. S., Carlson, R. A., Arnett, P. A., Cosentino, S. A., & Hillary, F. G. (2011). Metacognitive monitoring in moderate and severe traumatic brain injury. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 17(4), 720-731. doi: 10.1017/S1355617711000658
    Chu, S. Y., Tsai, Y. H., Xiao, S. H., Huang, S. J., & Yang, C. C. (2017). Quality of return to work in patients with mild traumatic brain injury: a prospective investigation of associations among post-concussion symptoms, neuropsychological functions, working status and stability. Brain Injury, 31(12), 1674-1682. doi: 10.1080/02699052.2017.1332783
    Cicerone, K., Levin, H., Malec, J., Stuss, D., & Whyte, J. (2006). Cognitive rehabilitation interventions for executive function: moving from bench to bedside in patients with traumatic brain injury. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 18(7), 1212-1222. doi: 10.1162/jocn.2006.18.7.1212
    Cicerone, K. D., Dahlberg, C., Kalmar, K., Langenbahn, D. M., Malec, J. F., Bergquist, T. F., . . . Morse, P. A. (2000). Evidence-based cognitive rehabilitation: recommendations for clinical practice. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 81(12), 1596-1615. doi: 10.1053/apmr.2000.19240
    Cicerone, K. D., Dahlberg, C., Malec, J. F., Langenbahn, D. M., Felicetti, T., Kneipp, S., . . . Catanese, J. (2005). Evidence-based cognitive rehabilitation: updated review of the literature from 1998 through 2002. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 86(8), 1681-1692. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2005.03.024
    Clare, L. (2003). Managing threats to self: awareness in early stage Alzheimer`s disease. Social Science and Medicine, 57(6), 1017-1029. doi: 10.1016/S0277-9536(02)00476-8
    Cloninger, C. R., & Dokucu, M. (2008). Somatoform and dissociative disorders. In: Fatemi, S.H., Clayton, P.J. (eds), The Medical Basis of Psychiatry. doi: 10.1007/978-1-59745-252-6_11
    Coelho, C. A., DeRuyter, F., & Stein, M. (1996). Treatment efficacy: cognitive-communicative disorders resulting from traumatic brain injury in adults. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 39(5), S5-S17.
    Corrigan, J. D., Selassie, A. W., & Orman, J. A. (2010). The Epidemiology of Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 25(2).
    Cox, V., Mulder, M., Nijland, R., Schepers, V., Van Wegen, E., Van Heugten, C., . . . Visser-Meily, J. (2020). Agreement and differences regarding family functioning between patients with acquired brain injury and their partners. Brain Injury, 34(4), 489-495. doi: 10.1080/02699052.2020.1725978
    Cralidis, A., & Lundgren, K. (2014). Component analysis of verbal fluency performance in younger participants with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury, 28(4), 456-464. doi: 10.3109/02699052.2014.896945
    Crawford, J. R., & Howell, D. C. (1998). Comparing an individual`s test score against norms derived from small samples. Clinical Neuropsychologist, 12, 482-486. doi: 10.1076/clin.12.4.482.7241
    Crosson, B., Barco, P. P., Velozo, C. A., Bolesta, M. M., Cooper, P. V., Werts, D., & Brobeck, T. C. (1989). Awareness and compensation in postacute head injury rehabilitation. The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 4(3), 46-54. doi: 10.1097/00001199-198909000-00008
    Cuesta, M. J., & Peralta, V. (1994). Lack of insight in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 20(2), 359-366.
    D`Elia, L., Satz, P., Uchiyama, C. L., & White, T. (1996). Color trails test. Professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
    Hoofien, D., Gilboa, A., Vakil, E., & Donovick, P. J. (2001). Traumatic brain injury (TBI) 10-20 years later: a comprehensive outcome study of psychiatric symptomatology, cognitive abilities and psychosocial functioning. Brain Injury, 15(3), 189–209. doi: 10.1080/026990501300005659
    Dawson, D. R., Markowitz, M., & Stuss, D. T. (2005). Community Integration Status 4 Years After Traumatic Brain Injury: Participant-Proxy Agreement. The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 20(5).
    de Freitas Cardoso, M. G., Faleiro, R. M., de Paula, J. J., Kummer, A., Caramelli, P., Teixeira, A. L., . . . Miranda, A. S. (2019). Cognitive Impairment Following Acute Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Frontiers in Neurology, 10. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00198
    Derrfuss, J., Brass, M., & von Cramon, D. Y. (2004). Cognitive control in the posterior frontolateral cortex: evidence from common activations in task coordination, interference control, and working memory. Neuroimage, 23(2), 604-612. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.06.007
    Dikmen, S. S., Corrigan, J. D., Levin, H. S., Machamer, J., Stiers, W., & Weisskopf, M. G. (2009). Cognitive outcome following traumatic brain injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 24(6), 430-438. doi: 10.1097/HTR.0b013e3181c133e9
    Dikmen, S. S., Machamer, J. E., Winn, H. R., & Temkin, N. R. (1995). Neuropsychological outcome at 1-year post head injury. Neuropsychology, 9, 80-90. doi: 10.1037/0894-4105.9.1.80
    Dirette, D. (2002). The development of awareness and the use of compensatory strategies for cognitive deficits. Brain Injury, 16(10), 861-871. doi: 10.1080/02699050210131902
    Doig, E. J., Fleming, J., & Ownsworth, T. (2021). Evaluation of an occupation-based metacognitive intervention targeting awareness, executive function and goal-related outcomes after traumatic brain injury using single-case experimental design methodology. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 31(10), 1527-1556. doi: 10.1080/09602011.2020.1786410
    Draper, K., Ponsford, J., & Schönberger, M. (2007). Psychosocial and Emotional Outcomes 10 Years Following Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 22(5).
    Dromer, E., Kheloufi, L., & Azouvi, P. (2021). Impaired self-awareness after traumatic brain injury: a systematic review. Part 1: Assessment, clinical aspects and recovery. Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 64(5), 101468. doi: 10.1016/j.rehab.2020.101468
    Dubois, B., Slachevsky, A., Litvan, I., & Pillon, B. (2000). The FAB: a Frontal Assessment Battery at bedside. Neurology, 55(11), 1621-1626. doi: 10.1212/wnl.55.11.1621
    Elliott, R. (2003). Executive functions and their disorders. British Medical Bulletin, 65, 49-59. doi: 10.1093/bmb/65.1.49
    Emmanouel, A., Mouza, E., Kessels, R. P., & Fasotti, L. (2014). Validity of the Dysexecutive Questionnaire (DEX). Ratings by patients with brain injury and their therapists. Brain Injury, 28(12), 1581-1589. doi: 10.3109/02699052.2014.942371
    Erez, A. B., Rothschild, E., Katz, N., Tuchner, M., & Hartman-Maeir, A. (2009). Executive functioning, awareness, and participation in daily life after mild traumatic brain injury: a preliminary study. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 63(5), 634-640. doi: 10.5014/ajot.63.5.634
    Estes, W. K. (1974). Learning theory and intelligence. American Psychologist, 29, 740-749. doi: 10.1037/h0037458
    Felmingham, K. L., Baguley, I. J., & Green, A. M. (2004). Effects of diffuse axonal injury on speed of information processing following severe traumatic brain injury. Neuropsychology, 18(3), 564-571. doi: 10.1037/0894-4105.18.3.564
    Fischer, S., Trexler, L. E., & Gauggel, S. (2004). Awareness of activity limitations and prediction of performance in patients with brain injuries and orthopedic disorders. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 10(2), 190-199. doi: 10.1017/S1355617704102051
    Flashman, L. A., Amador, X., & McAllister, T. W. (1998). Lack of Awareness of Deficits in Traumatic Brain Injury. Seminars in Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 3(3), 201-210.
    Fleming, J., & Strong, J. (1995). Self-Awareness of Deficits following Acquired Brain Injury: Considerations for Rehabilitation. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 58(2), 55-60. doi: 10.1177/030802269505800204
    Fleming, J., & Strong, J. (1999). A Longitudinal Study of Self-Awareness: Functional Deficits Underestimated by Persons with Brain Injury. The Occupational Therapy Journal of Research, 19(1), 3-17. doi: 10.1177/153944929901900101
    Fleming, J. M., Strong, J., & Ashton, R. (1996). Self-awareness of deficits in adults with traumatic brain injury: how best to measure? Brain Inj, 10(1), 1-15. doi: 10.1080/026990596124674
    Fleming, J. M., Winnington, H. T., McGillivray, A. J., Tatarevic, B. A., & Ownsworth, T. L. (2006). The Development of Self-Awareness and Relationship to Emotional Functioning During Early Community Reintegration After Traumatic Brain Injury. Brain Impairment, 7, 83-94. doi: 10.1375/brim.7.2.83
    Fordyce, D. J., & Roueche, J. R. (1986). Changes in perspectives of disability among patients, staff, and relatives during rehabilitation of brain injury. Rehabilitation Psychology, 31(4), 217-229. doi: 10.1037/h0091549
    Freedman, M., & Cermak, L. S. (1986). Semantic encoding deficits in frontal lobe disease and amnesia. Brain and Cognition, 5(1), 108-114. doi: 10.1016/0278-2626(86)90063-1
    Gans, J. S. (1983). Hate in the rehabilitation setting. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 64(4), 176-179.
    Geytenbeek, M., Fleming, J., Doig, E., & Ownsworth, T. (2017). The occurrence of early impaired self-awareness after traumatic brain injury and its relationship with emotional distress and psychosocial functioning. Brain Injury, 31(13-14), 1791-1798. doi: 10.1080/02699052.2017.1346297
    Ghajar, J. (2000). Traumatic brain injury. The Lancet, 356(9233), 923-929. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02689-1
    Giacino, J. T., & Cicerone, K. D. (1998). Varieties of deficit unawareness after brain injury. The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 13, 1-15. doi: 10.1097/00001199-199810000-00003
    Gilbert, S. J., & Burgess, P. W. (2008). Executive function. Current Biology, 18(3), R110-R114.
    Godfrey, H. P., Partridge, F. M., Knight, R. G., & Bishara, S. (1993). Course of insight disorder and emotional dysfunction following closed head injury: a controlled cross-sectional follow-up study. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 15(4), 503-515. doi: 10.1080/01688639308402574
    Golden, C. J. (1978). A Manual for the Clinical and Experimental Use of the Stroop Color and Word Test. Wood Dale, Illinois: Stoelting Company.
    Gouick, J., & Gentleman, D. (2004). The emotional and behavioural consequences of traumatic brain injury. Trauma, 6(4), 285-292. doi: 10.1191/1460408604ta323oa
    Gould, K. R., Ponsford, J. L., Johnston, L., & Schönberger, M. (2011). Relationship Between Psychiatric Disorders and 1-Year Psychosocial Outcome Following Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 26(1).
    Goverover, Y., Chiaravalloti, N., Gaudino-Goering, E., Moore, N., & DeLuca, J. (2009). The relationship among performance of instrumental activities of daily living, self-report of quality of life, and self-awareness of functional status in individuals with multiple sclerosis. Rehabilitation Psychology, 54(1), 60–68. doi: 10.1037/a0014556
    Greenberg, J., & Hollander, E. (2003). Brain Function in Impulsive Disorders. Psychiatric Times, 20(3), 81. Retrieved from: https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A98271210/AONE?u=anon~f5b4f6e3&sid=googleScholar&xid=cfa94108
    Hacker, D. J., Dunlosky, J., & Graesser, A. C. (Eds). (1998). Metacognition in Educational Theory and Practice. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
    Hart, T., Fann, J. R., Chervoneva, I., Juengst, S. B., Rosenthal, J. A., Krellman, J. W., . . . Kroenke, K. (2016). Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Correlates of Anxiety at 1 Year After Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 97(5), 701-707. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2015.08.436
    Hart, T., Seignourel, P. J., & Sherer, M. (2009). A longitudinal study of awareness of deficit after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 19(2), 161-176. doi: 10.1080/09602010802188393
    Hart, T., Sherer, M., Temkin, N., Whyte, J., Dikmen, S., Heinemann, A. W., & Bell, K. (2010). Participant-Proxy Agreement on Objective and Subjective Aspects of Societal Participation Following Traumatic Brain Injury. The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 25(5).
    Hart, T., Sherer, M., Whyte, J., Polansky, M., & Novack, T. A. (2004). Awareness of behavioral, cognitive, and physical deficits in acute traumatic brain injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 85(9), 1450-1456. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2004.01.030
    Hart, T., Whyte, J., Kim, J., & Vaccaro, M. (2005). Executive function and self-awareness of "real-world" behavior and attention deficits following traumatic brain injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 20(4), 333-347. doi: 10.1097/00001199-200507000-00005
    Heilman, K. M., Barrett, A. M., & Adair, J. C. (1998). Possible mechanisms of anosognosia: a defect in self-awareness. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 353(1377), 1903-1909. doi: 10.1098/rstb.1998.0342
    Henry, J., & Crawford, J. (2004). A Meta-Analytic Review of Verbal Fluency Performance Following Focal Cortical Lesions. Neuropsychology, 18, 284-295. doi: 10.1037/0894-4105.18.2.284
    Hibbard, M. R., Uysal, S., Kepler, K., Bogdany, J., & Silver, J. (1998). Axis I psychopathology in individuals with traumatic brain injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 13(4), 24-39. doi: 10.1097/00001199-199808000-00003
    Hua, M. S., Chang, S. H., & Chen, S. T. (1997). Factor structure and age effects with an aphasia test battery in normal Taiwanese adults. Neuropsychology, 11(1), 156-162. doi: 10.1037//0894-4105.11.1.156
    Huisman, T. A., Schwamm, L. H., Schaefer, P. W., Koroshetz, W. J., Shetty-Alva, N., Ozsunar, Y., . . . Sorensen, A. G. (2004). Diffusion tensor imaging as potential biomarker of white matter injury in diffuse axonal injury. American Journal of Neuroradiology, 25(3), 370-376.
    Hwang, H.-F., Chen, C.-Y., & Lin, M.-R. (2017). Patient-Proxy Agreement on the Health-Related Quality of Life One Year After Traumatic Brain Injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 98(12), 2540-2547. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2017.05.013
    Jean-Bay, E. (2000). The biobehavioral correlates of post-traumatic brain injury depression. Journal of Neuroscience Nursing, 32(3), 169-176. doi: 10.1097/01376517-200006000-00009
    Jensen, A. R., & Rohwer, W. D. (1966). The stroop color-word test: A review. Acta Psychologica, 25, 36-93. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6918(66)90004-7
    Jourdan, C., Bayen, E., Pradat-Diehl, P., Ghout, I., Darnoux, E., Azerad, S., . . . Azouvi, P. (2016). A comprehensive picture of 4-year outcome of severe brain injuries. Results from the PariS-TBI study. Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 59(2), 100-106. doi: 10.1016/j.rehab.2015.10.009
    Jurado, M. A., Mataro, M., Verger, K., Bartumeus, F., & Junque, C. (2000). Phonemic and semantic fluencies in traumatic brain injury patients with focal frontal lesions. Brain Injury, 14(9), 789-795. doi: 10.1080/026990500421903
    Kavé, G., Heled, E., Vakil, E., & Agranov, E. (2011). Which verbal fluency measure is most useful in demonstrating executive deficits after traumatic brain injury? Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 33(3), 358-365. doi: 10.1080/13803395.2010.518703
    Kelley, E., Sullivan, C., Loughlin, J. K., Hutson, L., Dahdah, M. N., Long, M. K., . . . Poole, J. H. (2014). Self-Awareness and Neurobehavioral Outcomes, 5 Years or More After Moderate to Severe Brain Injury. The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 29(2).
    Kennedy, M. R. T., Coelho, C., Turkstra, L., Ylvisaker, M., Moore Sohlberg, M., Yorkston, K., . . . Kan, P. F. (2008). Intervention for executive functions after traumatic brain injury: A systematic review, meta-analysis and clinical recommendations. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 18(3), 257-299. doi: 10.1080/09602010701748644
    Kervick, R. B., & Kaemingk, K. L. (2005). Cognitive appraisal accuracy moderates the relationship between injury severity and psychosocial outcomes in traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury, 19(11), 881-889. doi: 10.1080/02699050400025273
    Kim, N., Anbarasan, D., & Howard, J. (2017). Anton syndrome as a result of MS exacerbation. Neurology Clinical Practice, 7(2), e19-e22. doi: 10.1212/cpj.0000000000000273
    Kim, S. H., Manes, F., Kosier, T., Baruah, S., & Robinson, R. G. (1999). Irritability following traumatic brain injury. The Journal of Nnervous and Mental Disease, 187(6), 327-335.
    Könen, T., & Karbach, J. (2020). Self-Reported Cognitive Failures in Everyday Life: A Closer Look at Their Relation to Personality and Cognitive Performance. Assessment, 27(5), 982-995. doi: 10.1177/1073191118786800
    Konishi, S., Kawazu, M., Uchida, I., Kikyo, H., Asakura, I., & Miyashita, Y. (1999). Contribution of working memory to transient activation in human inferior prefrontal cortex during performance of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Cerebral Cortex, 9(7), 745-753. doi: 10.1093/cercor/9.7.745
    Koskinen, S. (1998). Quality of life 10 years after a very severe traumatic brain injury (TBI): the perspective of the injured and the closest relative. Brain Injury, 12(8), 631-648. doi: 10.1080/026990598122205
    Kraus, M. F., Susmaras, T., Caughlin, B. P., Walker, C. J., Sweeney, J. A., & Little, D. M. (2007). White matter integrity and cognition in chronic traumatic brain injury: a diffusion tensor imaging study. Brain, 130(10), 2508-2519. doi: 10.1093/brain/awm216
    Kreutzer, J. S., Marwitz, J. H., Walker, W., Sander, A., Sherer, M., Bogner, J., . . . Bushnik, T. (2003). Moderating factors in return to work and job stability after traumatic brain injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 18(2), 128-138. doi: 10.1097/00001199-200303000-00004
    Langer, K. G., & Levine, D. N. (2014). Babinski, J. (1914). Contribution to the Study of the Mental Disorders in Hemiplegia of Organic Cerebral Origin (Anosognosia). Translated by K.G. Langer & D.N. Levine: Translated from the original Contribution à l`Étude des Troubles Mentaux dans l`Hémiplégie Organique Cérébrale (Anosognosie). Cortex: A Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior, 61, 5-8. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2014.04.019
    Lanham, R. A., Jr., Weissenburger, J. E., Schwab, K. A., & Rosner, M. M. (2000). A longitudinal investigation of the concordance between individuals with traumatic brain injury and family or friend ratings on the Katz adjustment scale. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 15(5), 1123-1138. doi: 10.1097/00001199-200010000-00006
    Larson, M. J., Kaufman, D. A., Schmalfuss, I. M., & Perlstein, W. M. (2007). Performance monitoring, error processing, and evaluative control following severe TBI. J Int Neuropsychol Soc, 13(6), 961-971. doi: 10.1017/s1355617707071305
    Leathem, J. M., Murphy, L. J., & Flett, R. A. (1998). Self- and Informant-Ratings on the Patient Competency Rating Scale in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 20(5), 694-705. doi: 10.1076/jcen.20.5.694.1122
    Leung, D. P., & Liu, K. P. (2011). Review of self-awareness and its clinical application in stroke rehabilitation. International Journal of Rehabilitation Research, 34(3), 187-195. doi: 10.1097/MRR.0b013e3283487f31
    Levin, H. S., & Grossman, R. G. (1978). Behavioral sequelae of closed head injury. A quantitative study. Archives of Neurology, 35(11), 720-727. doi: 10.1001/archneur.1978.00500350024005
    Levine, J., & Zigler, E. (1975). Denial and self-image in stroke, lung cancer, and heart disease patients. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 43(6), 751-757. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.43.6.751
    Lezak, M. D., Howieson, D. B., Bigler, E. D., & Tranel, D. (2012). Neuropsychological Assessment(5th ed). New York, NY, US: Oxford University Press.
    Logan, G. D., Cowan, W. B., & Davis, K. A. (1984). On the ability to inhibit simple and choice reaction time responses: a model and a method. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 10(2), 276.
    Maas, A. I. R., Stocchetti, N., & Bullock, R. (2008). Moderate and severe traumatic brain injury in adults. The Lancet Neurology, 7(8), 728-741. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70164-9
    Machamer, J., Temkin, N., Fraser, R., Doctor, J. N., & Dikmen, S. (2005). Stability of employment after traumatic brain injury. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 11(7), 807-816. doi: 10.1017/s135561770505099x
    Mahar, C., & Fraser, K. (2011). Barriers to Successful Community Reintegration Following Acquired Brain Injury (ABI). International Journal of Disability Management, 6(1), 49-67. doi: 10.1375/jdmr.6.1.49
    Malec, J. F., & Moessner, A. M. (2000). Self-awareness, distress, and postacute rehabilitation outcome. Rehabilitation Psychology, 45(3), 227.
    Mani, K., Cater, B., & Hudlikar, A. (2017). Cognition and return to work after mild/moderate traumatic brain injury: A systematic review. Work, 58(1), 51-62. doi: 10.3233/wor-172597
    Manly, T., Robertson, I. H., Galloway, M., & Hawkins, K. (1999). The absent mind: further investigations of sustained attention to response. Neuropsychologia, 37(6), 661-670. doi: 10.1016/s0028-3932(98)00127-4
    Marsh, N. V., Kersel, D. A., Havill, J. H., & Sleigh, J. W. (1998). Caregiver burden at 6 months following severe traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury, 12(3), 225-238. doi: 10.1080/026990598122700
    Martzke, J. S., Swan, C. S., & Varney, N. R. (1991). Posttraumatic anosmia and orbital frontal damage: Neuropsychological and neuropsychiatric correlates. Neuropsychology, 5, 213-225. doi: 10.1037/0894-4105.5.3.213
    Mathias, J. L., & Wheaton, P. (2007). Changes in attention and information-processing speed following severe traumatic brain injury: a meta-analytic review. Neuropsychology, 21(2), 212-223. doi: 10.1037/0894-4105.21.2.212
    Mazancieux, A., Souchay, C., Casez, O., & Moulin, C. J. A. (2019). Metacognition and self-awareness in Multiple Sclerosis. Cortex, 111, 238-255. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.11.012
    Mazzoni, G., & Nelson, T. O. (2014). Metacognition and Cognitive Neuropsychology: Monitoring and Control Processes. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
    McBrinn, J., Colin Wilson, F., Caldwell, S., Carton, S., Delargy, M., McCann, J., . . . McGuire, B. (2008). Emotional distress and awareness following acquired brain injury: an exploratory analysis. Brain Injury, 22(10), 765-772. doi: 10.1080/02699050802372208
    McCrimmon, S., & Oddy, M. (2006). Return to work following moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury, 20(10), 1037-1046. doi: 10.1080/02699050600909656
    McGlynn, S. M., & Schacter, D. L. (1989). Unawareness of deficits in neuropsychological syndromes. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 11(2), 143-205. doi: 10.1080/01688638908400882
    McGuire, B. E., Morrison, T. G., Barker, L. A., Morton, N., McBrinn, J., Caldwell, S., . . . Walsh, J. (2014). Impaired self-awareness after traumatic brain injury: inter-rater reliability and factor structure of the Dysexecutive Questionnaire (DEX) in patients, significant others and clinicians. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 8, 352. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00352
    McHugh, L., & Wood, R. L. (2008). Using a temporal discounting paradigm to measure decision-making and impulsivity following traumatic brain injury: A pilot study. Brain Injury, 22(9), 715-721. doi: 10.1080/02699050802263027
    Meana, M., Binik, Y. M., Khalife, S., & Cohen, D. R. (1997). Biopsychosocial profile of women with dyspareunia. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 90(4 Pt 1), 583-589. doi: 10.1016/s0029-7844(98)80136-1
    Medley, A. R., Powell, T., Worthington, A., Chohan, G., & Jones, C. (2010). Brain injury beliefs, self-awareness, and coping: a preliminary cluster analytic study based within the self-regulatory model. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 20(6), 899-921. doi: 10.1080/09602011.2010.517688
    Menon, D. K., Schwab, K., Wright, D. W., & Maas, A. I. (2010). Position Statement: Definition of Traumatic Brain Injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 91(11), 1637-1640. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2010.05.017
    Messinis, L., Malegiannaki, A. C., Christodoulou, T., Panagiotopoulos, V., & Papathanasopoulos, P. (2011). Color Trails Test: normative data and criterion validity for the greek adult population. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 26(4), 322-330. doi: 10.1093/arclin/acr027
    Meulenbroek, P., & Turkstra, L. S. (2016). Job stability in skilled work and communication ability after moderate-severe traumatic brain injury. Disability and Rehabilitation, 38(5), 452-461. doi: 10.3109/09638288.2015.1044621
    Mograbi, D. C., & Morris, R. G. (2018). Anosognosia. Cortex, 103, 385-386. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.04.001
    Morin, A. (2011). Self-Awareness Part 1: Definition, Measures, Effects, Functions, and Antecedents. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 5(10), 807-823. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-9004.2011.00387.x
    Nelson, H. E. (1976). A modified card sorting test sensitive to frontal lobe defects. Cortex, 12(4), 313-324. doi: 10.1016/s0010-9452(76)80035-4
    Nelson, H. E., & Willison, J. (1991). National adult reading test (NART) (pp. 1-26). Windsor: Nfer-Nelson.
    Newman, A. C., Garmoe, W., Beatty, P., & Ziccardi, M. (2000). Self-awareness of traumatically brain injured patients in the acute inpatient rehabilitation setting. Brain Injury, 14(4), 333-344. doi: 10.1080/026990500120628
    Nosek, B. A., & Banaji, M. R. (2001). The go/no-go association task. Social cognition, 19(6), 625-666.
    O`Callaghan, C., Powell, T., & Oyebode, J. (2006). An exploration of the experience of gaining awareness of deficit in people who have suffered a traumatic brain injury. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 16(5), 579-593. doi: 10.1080/09602010500368834
    Obonsawin, M. C., Jefferis, S., Lowe, R., Crawford, J. R., Fernandes, J., Holland, L., . . . Bowie, G. (2007). A model of personality change after traumatic brain injury and the development of the Brain Injury Personality Scales. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 78(11), 1239. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.2004.052654
    Ocampo, S., Dawson, D., & Colantonio, A. (1997). Outcomes after head injury: level of agreement between subjects and their informants. Occupational Therapy International, 4(3), 163-179. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/oti.54
    Oddy, M., Coughlan, T., Tyerman, A., & Jenkins, D. (1985). Social adjustment after closed head injury: a further follow-up seven years after injury. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 48(6), 564. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.48.6.564
    Osborn, A. J., Mathias, J. L., & Fairweather-Schmidt, A. K. (2014). Depression following adult, non-penetrating traumatic brain injury: A meta-analysis examining methodological variables and sample characteristics. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 47, 1-15. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.07.007
    Osborne-Crowley, K., & McDonald, S. (2018). A review of social disinhibition after traumatic brain injury. Journal of Neuropsychology, 12(2), 176-199. doi: 10.1111/jnp.12113
    Ownsworth, T. (2005). The Impact of Defensive Denial upon Adjustment Following Traumatic Brain Injury. Neuropsychoanalysis, 7(1), 83-94. doi: 10.1080/15294145.2005.10773476
    Ownsworth, T., & Clare, L. (2006). The association between awareness deficits and rehabilitation outcome following acquired brain injury. Clinical Psychology Review, 26(6), 783-795. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2006.05.003
    Ownsworth, T., Desbois, J., Grant, E., Fleming, J., & Strong, J. P. (2006). The Associations Among Self-Awareness, Emotional Well-Being, and Employment Outcome Following Acquired Brain Injury: A 12Month Longitudinal Study. Rehabilitation Psychology, 51, 50-59. doi: 10.1037/0090-5550.51.1.50
    Ownsworth, T., & McFarland, K. (2004). Investigation of psychological and neuropsychological factors associated with clinical outcome following a group rehabilitation programme. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 14(5), 535-562. doi: 10.1080/09602010343000538
    Ownsworth, T., & McKenna, K. (2004). Investigation of factors related to employment outcome following traumatic brain injury: a critical review and conceptual model. Disability and Rehabilitation, 26(13), 765-783. doi: 10.1080/09638280410001696700
    Ownsworth, T. L., McFarland, K., & Young, R. M. (2002). The investigation of factors underlying deficits in self-awareness and self-regulation. Brain Injury, 16(4), 291-309. doi: 10.1080/02699050110103986
    Pedersen, P. M., Jørgensen, H. S., Nakayama, H., Raaschou, H. O., & Olsen, T. S. (1996). Frequency, Determinants, and Consequences of Anosognosia in Acute Stroke. Journal of Neurologic Rehabilitation, 10(4), 243-250. doi: 10.1177/154596839601000404
    Pepping, M., & Roueche, J. R. (1991). Psychosocial Consequences of Significant Brain Injury. In D. E. Tupper & K. D. Cicerone (Eds.), The Neuropsychology of Everyday Life: Issues in Development and Rehabilitation (pp. 215-256). Boston, MA: Springer US.
    Peralta, V., & Cuesta, M. J. (1998). Lack of insight in mood disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders, 49(1), 55-58.
    Perna, R., Loughan, A. R., & Talka, K. (2012). Executive Functioning and Adaptive Living Skills after Acquired Brain Injury. Applied Neuropsychology: Adult, 19(4), 263-271. doi: 10.1080/09084282.2012.670147
    Perri, R., Carlesimo, G. A., Loasses, A., & Caltagirone, C. (2000). Deficient intentional access to semantic knowledge in patients with severe closed-head injury. Cortex, 36(2), 213-225. doi: 10.1016/s0010-9452(08)70525-2
    Pirau, L., & Lui, F. (2021). Frontal lobe syndrome StatPearls [Internet]: StatPearls Publishing.
    Ponsford, J., & Kinsella, G. (1991). The use of a rating scale of attentional behaviour. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 1(4), 241-257. doi: 10.1080/09602019108402257
    Ponsford, J., & Kinsella, G. (1992). Attentional deficits following closed-head injury. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 14(5), 822-838. doi: 10.1080/01688639208402865
    Ponsford, J. L. (1988). Neuropsychological assessment: The need for a more pragmatic approach. Australian Psychologist, 23(3), 349-360. doi: 10.1080/00050068808255617
    Port, A., Willmott, C., & Charlton, J. (2002). Self-awareness following traumatic brain injury and implications for rehabilitation. Brain Injury, 16(4), 277-289.
    Powers, W. T., & Powers, W. T. (1973). Behavior: The control of perception. Oxford, England: Aldine.
    Prigatano, G. P. (1991). Disturbances of self-awareness of deficit after traumatic brain injury Awareness of deficit after brain injury. In G. P. Prigatano & D. L. Schacter (Eds.), Awareness of deficit after brain injury: Clinical and theoretical issues (pp. 111–126). New York, NY, US: Oxford University Press.
    Prigatano, G. P. (1992). Personality disturbances associated with traumatic brain injury. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 60(3), 360-368. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.60.3.360
    Prigatano, G. P. (1997). The Problem of Impaired Self-Awareness in Neuropsychological. Neuropsychological rehabilitation: Fundamentals, Innovations, and Directions, 301.
    Prigatano, G. P. (1999). Motivation and awareness in cognitive neurorehabilitation. Cognitive Neurorehabilitation, 240, 251.
    Prigatano, G. P. (2005). Disturbances of self-awareness and rehabilitation of patients with traumatic brain injury: a 20-year perspective. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 20(1), 19-29. doi: 10.1097/00001199-200501000-00004
    Prigatano, G. P., Altman, I. M., & O`Brien, K. P. (1990). Behavioral limitations that traumatic-brain-injured patients tend to underestimate. Clinical Neuropsychologist, 4(2), 163-176. doi: 10.1080/13854049008401509
    Prigatano, G. P., Bruna, O., Mataro, M., Muñoz, J. M., Fernandez, S., & Junque, C. (1998). Initial disturbances of consciousness and resultant impaired awareness in Spanish patients with traumatic brain injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 13(5), 29-38. doi: 10.1097/00001199-199810000-00005
    Prigatano, G. P., & Klonoff, P. S. (1998). A Clinician`s Rating Scale for Evaluating Impaired. Self-Awareness and Denial of Disability After Brain Injury. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 12(1), 56-67. doi: 10.1076/clin.12.1.56.1721
    Prigatano, G. P., & Schacter, D. L. (1991). Awareness of deficit after brain injury: Clinical and theoretical issues. New York, NY, US: Oxford University Press.
    Prigatano, G. P., & Sherer, M. (2020). Impaired Self-Awareness and Denial During the Postacute Phases After Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01569
    Rabinowitz, A. R., & Levin, H. S. (2014). Cognitive sequelae of traumatic brain injury. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 37(1), 1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.psc.2013.11.004
    Rao, V., & Lyketsos, C. (2000). Neuropsychiatric Sequelae of Traumatic Brain Injury. Psychosomatics, 41(2), 95-103. doi: 10.1176/appi.psy.41.2.95
    Reitan, R. M. (1955). The relation of the Trail Making Test to organic brain damage. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 19, 393-394. doi: 10.1037/h0044509
    Richardson, C., McKay, A., & Ponsford, J. L. (2014). The trajectory of awareness across the first year after traumatic brain injury: the role of biopsychosocial factors. Brain Injury, 28(13-14), 1711-1720. doi: 10.3109/02699052.2014.954270
    Richardson, C., McKay, A., & Ponsford, J. L. (2015). Factors influencing self-awareness following traumatic brain injury. The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitationl, 30(2), E43-54. doi: 10.1097/htr.0000000000000048
    Ries, M., & Marks, W. (2005). Selective attention deficits following severe closed head injury: the role of inhibitory processes. Neuropsychology, 19(4), 476-483. doi: 10.1037/0894-4105.19.4.476
    Rigon, J., Burro, R., Guariglia, C., Maini, M., Marin, D., Ciurli, P., . . . Formisano, R. (2017). Self-awareness rehabilitation after Traumatic Brain Injury: A pilot study to compare two group therapies. Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience, 35(1), 115-127. doi: 10.3233/rnn-150538
    Ríos, M., Periáñez, J. A., & Muñoz-Céspedes, J. M. (2004). Attentional control and slowness of information processing after severe traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury, 18(3), 257-272. doi: 10.1080/02699050310001617442
    Robertson, I. H., Manly, T., Andrade, J., Baddeley, B. T., & Yiend, J. (1997). `Oops!`: performance correlates of everyday attentional failures in traumatic brain injured and normal subjects. Neuropsychologia, 35(6), 747-758. doi: 10.1016/s0028-3932(97)00015-8
    Robertson, K., & Schmitter-Edgecombe, M. (2015). Self-awareness and traumatic brain injury outcome. Brain Injury, 29(7-8), 848-858. doi: 10.3109/02699052.2015.1005135
    Rochat, L., Beni, C., Billieux, J., Azouvi, P., Annoni, J.-M., & Van der Linden, M. (2010). Assessment of impulsivity after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 20(5), 778-797. doi: 10.1080/09602011.2010.495245
    Rojas, N., Laguë-Beauvais, M., Belisle, A., Lamoureux, J., AlSideiri, G., Marcoux, J., . . . Guise, E. d. (2019). Frontal assessment battery (FAB) performance following traumatic brain injury hospitalized in an acute care setting. Applied Neuropsychology: Adult, 26(4), 319-330. doi: 10.1080/23279095.2017.1422506
    Sabaz, M., Simpson, G. K., Walker, A. J., Rogers, J. M., Gillis, I., & Strettles, B. (2014). Prevalence, comorbidities, and correlates of challenging behavior among community-dwelling adults with severe traumatic brain injury: a multicenter study. J Head Trauma Rehabil, 29(2), E19-E30. doi: 10.1097/HTR.0b013e31828dc590
    Sander, A. M., & Struchen, M. A. (2011). Interpersonal relationships and traumatic brain injury. The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 26(1), 1-3.
    Sbordone, R. J. (2001). Limitations of neuropsychological testing to predict the cognitive and behavioral functioning of persons with brain injury in real-world settings. NeuroRehabilitation, 16, 199-201. doi: 10.3233/NRE-2001-16402
    Schmitter-Edgecombe, M. E., Marks, W., Fahy, J. F., & Long, C. J. (1992). Effects of severe closed-head injury on three stages of information processing. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 14(5), 717-737. doi: 10.1080/01688639208402858
    Schönberger, M., Humle, F., & Teasdale, T. W. (2006). The development of the therapeutic working alliance, patients` awareness and their compliance during the process of brain injury rehabilitation. Brain Injury, 20(4), 445-454. doi: 10.1080/02699050600664772
    Schönberger, M., Humle, F., Zeeman, P., & Teasdale, T. W. (2006). Patient compliance in brain injury rehabilitation in relation to awareness and cognitive and physical improvement. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 16(5), 561-578. doi: 10.1080/09602010500263084
    Schroeter, M. L., Ettrich, B., Schwier, C., Scheid, R., Guthke, T., & von Cramon, D. Y. (2007). Diffuse axonal injury due to traumatic brain injury alters inhibition of imitative response tendencies. Neuropsychologia, 45(14), 3149-3156. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.07.004
    Sevy, S., Nathanson, K., Visweswaraiah, H., & Amador, X. (2004). The relationship between insight and symptoms in schizophrenia. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 45(1), 16-19. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2003.09.002
    Shallice, T., Broadbent, D. E., & Weiskrantz, L. (1982). Specific impairments of planning. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B, Biological Sciences, 298(1089), 199-209. doi: doi:10.1098/rstb.1982.0082
    Shallice, T., & Burgess, P. W. (1991). Deficits in strategy application following frontal lobe damage in man. Brain, 114 (Pt 2), 727-741. doi: 10.1093/brain/114.2.727
    Shames, J., Treger, I., Ring, H., & Giaquinto, S. (2007). Return to work following traumatic brain injury: trends and challenges. Disability and Rehabilitation, 29(17), 1387-1395.
    Sherer, M., Bergloff, P., Levin, E., High Jr, W. M., Oden, K. E., & Nick, T. G. (1998a). Impaired awareness and employment outcome after traumatic brain injury. The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. 13(5), 52-61. doi: 10.1097/00001199-199810000-00007
    Sherer, M., Boake, C., Levin, E., Silver, B. V., Ringholz, G., & High, W. M., Jr. (1998b). Characteristics of impaired awareness after traumatic brain injury. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 4(4), 380-387.
    Sherer, M., Hart, T., & Nick, T. G. (2003a). Measurement of impaired self-awareness after traumatic brain injury: a comparison of the patient competency rating scale and the awareness questionnaire. Brain Injury, 17(1), 25-37. doi: 10.1080/0269905021000010113
    Sherer, M., Hart, T., Nick, T. G., Whyte, J., Thompson, R. N., & Yablon, S. A. (2003b). Early impaired self-awareness after traumatic brain injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 84(2), 168-176. doi: 10.1053/apmr.2003.50045
    Sherer, M., Nakase-Thompson, R., Yablon, S. A., & Gontkovsky, S. T. (2005). Multidimensional Assessment of Acute Confusion After Traumatic Brain Injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 86(5), 896-904. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2004.09.029
    Sherer, M., Oden, K., Bergloff, P., Levin, E., & High, W. M., Jr. (1998c). Assessment and treatment of impaired awareness after brain injury: implications for community re-integration. NeuroRehabilitation, 10(1), 25-37. doi: 10.3233/nre-1998-10104
    Sherer, M., Yablon, S. A., & Nakase-Richardson, R. (2009). Patterns of Recovery of Posttraumatic Confusional State in Neurorehabilitation Admissions After Traumatic Brain Injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 90(10), 1749-1754. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2009.05.011
    Shih, T. Y., Wu, C. Y., Lin, K. C., Cheng, C. H., Hsieh, Y. W., Chen, C. L., . . . Chen, C. C. (2017). Effects of action observation therapy and mirror therapy after stroke on rehabilitation outcomes and neural mechanisms by MEG: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials, 18(1), 459. doi: 10.1186/s13063-017-2205-z
    Shum, D., Gill, H., Banks, M., Maujean, A., Griffin, J., & Ward, H. (2009). Planning ability following moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: Performance on a 4-disk version of the Tower of London. Brain Impairment, 10, 320-324. doi: 10.1375/brim.10.3.320
    Shum, D. H., McFarland, K., Bain, J. D., & Humphreys, M. S. (1990). Effects of closed-head injury on attentional processes: an information-processing stage analysis. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 12(2), 247-264. doi: 10.1080/01688639008400971
    Sigurdardottir, S., Andelic, N., Wehling, E., Anke, A., Skandsen, T., Holthe, O. O., . . . Roe, C. (2020). Return to work after severe traumatic brain injury: a national study with a one-year follow-up of neurocognitive and behavioural outcomes. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 30(2), 281-297. doi: 10.1080/09602011.2018.1462719
    Simmond, M., & Fleming, J. (2003a). Reliability of the self-awareness of deficits interview for adults with traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury, 17(4), 325-337. doi: 10.1080/0269905021000013219
    Simmond, M., & Fleming, J. M. (2003b). Occupational Therapy Assessment of Self-Awareness following Traumatic Brain Injury. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 66(10), 447-453. doi: 10.1177/030802260306601003
    Simpson, G., Blaszczynski, A., & Hodgkinson, A. (1999). Sex offending as a psychosocial sequela of traumatic brain injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 14(6), 567-580. doi: 10.1097/00001199-199912000-00005
    Skidmore, E. R., Swafford, M., Juengst, S. B., & Terhorst, L. (2018). Self-Awareness and Recovery of Independence With Strategy Training. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 72(1), 7201345010p1–7201345010p5. doi: 10.5014/ajot.2018.023556
    Smith, A. (1973). Symbol digit modalities test (pp. 1-22). Los Angeles: Western psychological services.
    Sohlberg, M. M., Mateer, C. A., Penkman, L., Glang, A., & Todis, B. (1998). Awareness intervention: who needs it? Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 13(5), 62-78. doi: 10.1097/00001199-199810000-00008
    Spangenberg, J. J., & Theron, J. C. (1999). Stress and coping strategies in spouses of depressed patients. The Journal of Psychology, 133(3), 253-262. doi: 10.1080/00223989909599738
    Spikman, J. M., Boelen, D. H. E., Lamberts, K. F., Brouwer, W. H., & Fasotti, L. (2010). Effects of a multifaceted treatment program for executive dysfunction after acquired brain injury on indications of executive functioning in daily life. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 16(1), 118-129. doi: 10.1017/S1355617709991020
    Spikman, J. M., Deelman, B. G., & van Zomeren, A. H. (2000). Executive Functioning, Attention and Frontal Lesions in Patients with Chronic CHI. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 22(3), 325-338. doi: 10.1076/1380-3395(200006)22:3;1-V;FT325
    Spikman, J. M., van Zomeren, A. H., & Deelman, B. G. (1996). Deficits of attention after closed-head injury: slowness only? Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 18(5), 755-767. doi: 10.1080/01688639608408298
    Spitz, G., Ponsford, J. L., Rudzki, D., & Maller, J. J. (2012). Association between cognitive performance and functional outcome following traumatic brain injury: a longitudinal multilevel examination. Neuropsychology, 26(5), 604-612. doi: 10.1037/a0029239
    Starkstein, S. E. (2014). Anosognosia in Alzheimer`s disease: Diagnosis, frequency, mechanism and clinical correlates. Cortex, 61, 64-73. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2014.07.019
    Starkstein, S. E., Jorge, R., Mizrahi, R., & Robinson, R. G. (2006). A diagnostic formulation for anosognosia in Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 77(6), 719. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.2005.085373
    Stemmer, B., Gahl, B., Lacher, S., & Schoenle, P. W. (2000). Predicting Vocational and Independence Status from Early Assessment of Motor, Cognitive, and Social Abilities in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients. Brain and Cognition, 44(1), 25-30. doi: 10.1016/S0278-2626(20)30182-2
    Stocchetti, N., & Zanier, E. R. (2016). Chronic impact of traumatic brain injury on outcome and quality of life: a narrative review. Critical Care, 20(1), 1-10.
    Struchen, M. A., Clark, A. N., Sander, A. M., Mills, M. R., Evans, G., & Kurtz, D. (2008). Relation of executive functioning and social communication measures to functional outcomes following traumatic brain injury. NeuroRehabilitation, 23(2), 185-198.
    Stuss, D. (2007). New approaches to prefrontal lobe testing The human frontal lobes: Functions and disorders, (2nd ed). (pp. 292-305). New York, NY, US: The Guilford Press.
    Stuss, D., & Levine, B. (2002). Adult clinical neuropsychology: lessons from studies of the frontal lobes. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 401-433. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135220
    Stuss, D. T. (1991a). Disturbance of self-awareness after frontal system damage Awareness of deficit after brain injury: Clinical and theoretical issues. (pp. 63-83). New York, NY, US: Oxford University Press.
    Stuss, D. T. (1991b). Self, Awareness, and the Frontal Lobes: A Neuropsychological Perspective. In J. Strauss & G. R. Goethals (Eds.), The Self: Interdisciplinary Approaches (pp. 255-278). New York, NY: Springer New York.
    Stuss, D. T. (2006). Frontal lobes and attention: processes and networks, fractionation and integration. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 12(2), 261-271.
    Stuss, D. T. (2011a). Functions of the frontal lobes: relation to executive functions. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 17(5), 759-765. doi: 10.1017/s1355617711000695
    Stuss, D. T. (2011b). Traumatic brain injury: relation to executive dysfunction and the frontal lobes. Current Opinion in Neurology, 24(6), 584-589. doi: 10.1097/WCO.0b013e32834c7eb9
    Stuss, D. T., & Alexander, M. P. (2000). Executive functions and the frontal lobes: a conceptual view. Psychological Research, 63(3-4), 289-298. doi: 10.1007/s004269900007
    Stuss, D. T., & Alexander, M. P. (2007). Is there a dysexecutive syndrome? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 362(1481), 901-915. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2007.2096
    Stuss, D. T., & Anderson, V. (2004). The frontal lobes and theory of mind: developmental concepts from adult focal lesion research. Brain and Cognition, 55(1), 69-83. doi: 10.1016/S0278-2626(03)00271-9
    Stuss, D. T., & Benson, D. F. (1984). Neuropsychological studies of the frontal lobes. Psychological Bulletin, 95(1), 3-28.
    Stuss, D. T., & Benson, D. F. (1986). The Frontal Lobes. Raven Press.
    Stuss, D. T., Binns, M. A., Carruth, F. G., Levine, B., Brandys, C. E., Moulton, R. J., . . . Schwartz, M. L. (1999). The acute period of recovery from traumatic brain injury: posttraumatic amnesia or posttraumatic confusional state? J Neurosurg, 90(4), 635-643. doi: 10.3171/jns.1999.90.4.0635
    Stuss, D. T., Ely, P., Hugenholtz, H., Richard, M. T., LaRochelle, S., Poirier, C. A., & Bell, I. (1985). Subtle neuropsychological deficits in patients with good recovery after closed head injury. Neurosurgery, 17(1), 41-47. doi: 10.1227/00006123-198507000-00007
    Sunderland, A., Harris, J. E., & Baddeley, A. D. (1983). Do laboratory tests predict everyday memory? A neuropsychological study. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 22(3), 341-357. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5371(83)90229-3
    Svingos, A. M., Asken, B. M., Jaffee, M. S., Bauer, R. M., & Heaton, S. C. (2019). Predicting long-term cognitive and neuropathological consequences of moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: Review and theoretical framework. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 41(8), 775-785. doi: 10.1080/13803395.2019.1620695
    Tateno, A., Jorge, R. E., & Robinson, R. G. (2003). Clinical correlates of aggressive behavior after traumatic brain injury. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 15(2), 155-160. doi: 10.1176/jnp.15.2.155
    Teasdale, G., & Jennett, B. (1974). ASSESSMENT OF COMA AND IMPAIRED CONSCIOUSNESS: A Practical Scale. The Lancet, 304(7872), 81-84. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(74)91639-0
    Toglia, J., & Kirk, U. (2000). Understanding awareness deficits following brain injury. NeuroRehabilitation, 15(1), 57-70.
    Troyer, A. K., Moscovitch, M., & Winocur, G. (1997). Clustering and switching as two components of verbal fluency: evidence from younger and older healthy adults. Neuropsychology, 11(1), 138-146. doi: 10.1037//0894-4105.11.1.138
    Trudel, T. M., Tryon, W. W., & Purdum, C. M. (1998). Awareness of disability and long-term outcome after traumatic brain injury. Rehabilitation Psychology, 43, 267-281. doi: 10.1037/0090-5550.43.4.267
    Turnbull, O. H., Jones, K., & Reed-Screen, J. (2002). Implicit awareness of deficit in anosognosia? An emotion-based account of denial of deficit. Comment. Neuro-Psychoanalysis, 4, 69-86. doi: 10.1080/15294145.2002.10773381
    Turner, B., Fleming, J., Parry, J., Vromans, M., Cornwell, P., Gordon, C., & Ownsworth, T. (2010). Caregivers of Adults With Traumatic Brain Injury: The Emotional Impact of Transition From Hospital to Home. Brain Impairment, 11(3), 281-292. doi: 10.1375/brim.11.3.281
    Vakil, E. (2005). The Effect of Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) on Different Aspects of Memory:A Selective Review. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 27(8), 977-1021. doi: 10.1080/13803390490919245
    Vallat-Azouvi, C., Dana-Gordon, C., Mazaux, J. M., Ponsford, J., & Azouvi, P. (2019). Psychometric properties of the French version of the Rating Scale of Attentional Behaviour. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 29(8), 1149-1162. doi: 10.1080/09602011.2017.1372296
    van der Horn, H. J., Spikman, J. M., Jacobs, B., & van der Naalt, J. (2013). Postconcussive Complaints, Anxiety, and Depression Related to Vocational Outcome in Minor to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 94(5), 867-874. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2012.11.039
    van der Naalt, J., van Zomeren, A. H., Sluiter, W. J., & Minderhoud, J. M. (1999). One year outcome in mild to moderate head injury: the predictive value of acute injury characteristics related to complaints and return to work. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 66(2), 207-213. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.66.2.207
    van Velzen, J. M., van Bennekom, C. A., Edelaar, M. J., Sluiter, J. K., & Frings-Dresen, M. H. (2009). How many people return to work after acquired brain injury?: a systematic review. Brain Injury, 23(6), 473-488. doi: 10.1080/02699050902970737
    Vanderploeg, R. D., Belanger, H. G., Duchnick, J. D., & Curtiss, G. (2007). Awareness problems following moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: Prevalence, assessment methods, and injury correlates. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 44(7), 937-950. doi: 10.1682/jrrd.2006.12.0163
    Villalobos, D., Bilbao, Á., López-Muñoz, F., & Pacios, J. (2019). Improving Self-awareness After Acquired Brain Injury Leads to Enhancements in Patients’ Daily Living Functionality. Brain Impairment, 20(3), 268-275. doi: 10.1017/BrImp.2019.10
    Villalobos, D., Caperos, J. M., Bilbao, Á., López-Muñoz, F., & Pacios, J. (2021). Cognitive predictors of self-awareness in patients with acquired brain injury along neuropsychological rehabilitation. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 31(6), 983-1001. doi: 10.1080/09602011.2020.1751663
    Warriner, E. M., Rourke, B. P., Velikonja, D., & Metham, L. (2003). Subtypes of emotional and behavioural sequelae in patients with traumatic brain injury. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 25(7), 904-917. doi: 10.1076/jcen.25.7.904.16494
    Wilhelm, O., Witthöft, M., & Schipolowski, S. (2010). Self-Reported Cognitive Failures. Journal of Individual Differences, 31(1), 1-14. doi: 10.1027/1614-0001/a000001
    Williams, D. (2010). Theory of own mind in autism: Evidence of a specific deficit in self-awareness? Autism, 14(5), 474-494.
    Willmott, C., Ponsford, J., Hocking, C., & Schönberger, M. (2009). Factors contributing to attentional impairments after traumatic brain injury. Neuropsychology, 23, 424-432. doi: 10.1037/a0015058
    Wilson, B., Evans, J., Emslie, H., Alderman, N., & Burgess, P. (1998a). The Development of an Ecologically Valid Test for Assessing Patients with a Dysexecutive Syndrome. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 8 (3).213 – 228. doi: 10.1080/713755570
    Wilson, B. A., Evans, J. J., Alderman, N., Burgess, P. W., & Emslie, H. (2004). Behavioural assessment of the dysexecutive syndrome. In Rabitt, P. (Ed), Methodology of Frontal and Executive Function (pp. 240-251). Routledge.
    Wilson, J. T., Pettigrew, L. E., & Teasdale, G. M. (1998b). Structured interviews for the Glasgow Outcome Scale and the extended Glasgow Outcome Scale: guidelines for their use. Journal of Neurotrauma, 15(8), 573-585. doi: 10.1089/neu.1998.15.573
    Wongupparaj, P., Kumari, V., & Morris, R. G. (2015). The relation between a multicomponent working memory and intelligence: The roles of central executive and short-term storage functions. Intelligence, 53, 166-180. doi: 10.1016/j.intell.2015.10.007
    Wood, J. N. (2003). Social Cognition and the Prefrontal Cortex. Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews, 2(2), 97-114. doi: 10.1177/1534582303002002002
    Yasuda, S., Wehman, P., Targett, P., Cifu, D., & West, M. (2001). Return to work for persons with traumatic brain injury. American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 80(11), 852-864. doi: 10.1097/00002060-200111000-00011
    Zappalà, G., Thiebaut de Schotten, M., & Eslinger, P. J. (2012). Traumatic brain injury and the frontal lobes: what can we gain with diffusion tensor imaging? Cortex, 48(2), 156-165. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2011.06.020
    Zimmermann, N., Mograbi, D. C., Hermes-Pereira, A., Fonseca, Rochele P., & Prigatano, G. P. (2017). Memory and executive functions correlates of self-awareness in traumatic brain injury. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 22(4), 346-360. doi: 10.1080/13546805.2017.1330191
    Description: 碩士
    國立政治大學
    心理學系
    108752008
    Source URI: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0108752008
    Data Type: thesis
    Appears in Collections:[Department of Psychology] Theses

    Files in This Item:

    File Description SizeFormat
    200801.pdf5493KbAdobe PDF20View/Open


    All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.


    社群 sharing

    著作權政策宣告 Copyright Announcement
    1.本網站之數位內容為國立政治大學所收錄之機構典藏,無償提供學術研究與公眾教育等公益性使用,惟仍請適度,合理使用本網站之內容,以尊重著作權人之權益。商業上之利用,則請先取得著作權人之授權。
    The digital content of this website is part of National Chengchi University Institutional Repository. It provides free access to academic research and public education for non-commercial use. Please utilize it in a proper and reasonable manner and respect the rights of copyright owners. For commercial use, please obtain authorization from the copyright owner in advance.

    2.本網站之製作,已盡力防止侵害著作權人之權益,如仍發現本網站之數位內容有侵害著作權人權益情事者,請權利人通知本網站維護人員(nccur@nccu.edu.tw),維護人員將立即採取移除該數位著作等補救措施。
    NCCU Institutional Repository is made to protect the interests of copyright owners. If you believe that any material on the website infringes copyright, please contact our staff(nccur@nccu.edu.tw). We will remove the work from the repository and investigate your claim.
    DSpace Software Copyright © 2002-2004  MIT &  Hewlett-Packard  /   Enhanced by   NTU Library IR team Copyright ©   - Feedback