Loading...
|
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/148487
|
| Title: | 鄉民眼中的輿論：從介面與準統計官能出發的網路輿論分析架構
In the Eyes of Netizens on PTT: Developing an Analytical Framework for Online Public Opinion via Interface and Quasi-Statistical Organ. |
| Authors: | 蔡依霖
Yi-Lin, Tsai |
| Contributors: | 劉慧雯
Hui-Wen, Liu
蔡依霖
Yi-Lin, Tsai |
| Keywords: | 準統計官能
集體用戶表現
意見氣候
語料庫分析
厚數據研究
Quasi-Statistical Organ
Aggregate User Representation
Opinion Climate
Corpus Analysis
Thick Data |
| Date: | 2023 |
| Issue Date: | 2023-12-01 10:41:26 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 本文重新解構Noelle-Neumann在沉默螺旋理論中的要素「準統計官能」（Quasi-Statistical Organ），將原本理論所處的媒介環境修正為當今多元的資訊環境，並透過平台的特性與介面展現的集體用戶表現（Aggregate User Representation）發展出更貼近批踢踢實業坊使用者「鄉民」視角的資料蒐集途徑，並利用語料庫分析取徑萃取出能夠提取、預測意見氣候的探測語（Probes），藉此發展出能夠不先預設觀測範圍的意見氣候分析架構。
資料結果顯示，本文依照AUR蒐集到的資料確實反映出文獻回顧整理出的「資訊迅速累積」、「新生成資訊」與「跨平台溢散」三項資訊環境特徵，此外透過自建語料庫分析的方式，本文亦建立一個能持續更新探測語的分析架構，且實測以此方式找出的探測語確實能發揮預測意見氣候的效果。
本文認為從介面與準統計官能的角度建立的意見氣候分析框架，將更能夠因應瞬息萬變的網路資訊環境，且探索過去預先劃定觀測範圍所不能觀測到的細微現象。
This paper reevaluates the element of 'Quasi-Statistical Organ' in Noelle-Neumann's Spiral of Silence theory, adapting the theory's original context to the current diverse information environment. Through the characteristics and interface of the platform, it develops a data collection approach that aligns more closely with the perspective of users, often referred to as 'netizens,' on the PTT forum. Additionally, this paper employs corpus analysis to extract probes capable of identifying and predicting opinion climates, thus creating an opinion climate analysis framework that does not presuppose a predefined scope of observation.
The data results indicate that, in accordance with the data collected through AUR, this study indeed reflects the three information environment characteristics identified in the literature review: 'rapid information accumulation,' 'emergence of new information,' and 'cross-platform dissemination.' Furthermore, through the analysis conducted using a self-constructed corpus, this paper has also established an analysis framework for continuously updating probes. Empirical testing has demonstrated that the probes identified through this approach effectively predict opinion climates.
This paper argues that an opinion climate analysis framework established from the perspectives of interface and quasi-statistical organ will be better equipped to adapt to the rapidly changing online information environment and explore subtle phenomena that were previously unobservable within predetermined observation boundaries." |
| Reference: | 仉桂美、江綺雯、劉德勳（2019），〈中國假訊息心戰之因應對策〉，《外交及國防委員會會議》，第9屆第7會期。
孔德廉（2018）。〈誰帶風向：被金錢操弄的公共輿論戰爭〉，《報導者》，2018年9月26日，取自：https://www.twreporter.org/a/disinformation-manufacturing-consent-the-political-economy
王宜燕（2012）。〈閱聽人研究實踐轉向理論初探〉，《新聞學研究》，113：39-75。
王祥安（2019）。《中央研究院數位人文研究平台技術報告》，中央研究院出版。
王凱、甘孟玄（2022）。〈線上社交圈中敏感性社會議. 題參與：沉默螺旋與社會資本影響關係之探索性研究〉，《中山管理評論》30（2）：367~408。
王嵩音（2010）。〈臺灣選民媒介使用對於候選人形象與評價之影響：傳統媒介vs.新媒介〉，《傳播與管理研究》，10(1)：3-36。
江彥生、陳昇瑋（2016）。〈簡介「計算社會學」：一個結合電腦與數位科技的新興社會學研究〉」，《Taiwanese Sociology》，(32):171-201。
李柏彥、劉慧雯、紀明德（2021）。〈英雄所見略同？社群媒體使用共現行為之研究〉，中華傳播學會2021年年會。
杜協昌（2014）。〈利用文本採礦探討《紅樓夢》的後40回作者爭議〉，《數位人文研究與技藝》，頁93-120，臺北：國立臺灣大學出版中心。
汪浩譯（2003）。《風險社會—通往另一個現在的路上》，台北：巨流。（原書Beck, U. [1986]. Risikogesellschaft: Auf dem Weg in eine andere Moderne. Berlin, Germany: Suhrkamp Verlag.）
周佳儀（2007）。〈網路論壇的自我孤立與沉默螺旋現象—以PTT為例〉，《傳播與管理研究》， 7(1), 113-161。
周玫楓，左宗宏（2003）。〈以「沉默螺旋」理論探討2001年台北縣長選舉選民對候選人認知與臺灣前途的表達意願〉，《傳播與管理研究》，3(1)：69-100。
林俊宏譯（2013）。《大數據》，台北：天下文化。[Viktor Mayer-Schonberger & Kenneth Cukier，2013，Big Data:A Revolution That Will Transform How We Live, Work and Think, Massachusetts, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company]
林思平（2017）。〈網路八卦與真理政治：PTT八卦板之閱聽人研究〉，《新聞學研究》，133: 135-188。
林素真（2009）。〈總統大選公民辯論會之第三人效果〉。《新聞學研究》。99：1-49。
施琮仁（2021）。〈新冠肺炎的日常防疫行為：媒體、情緒與風險認知的作用〉，《新聞學研究》，148: 153-196。
紀慧君（2018）。〈從語料分析探究有機食物之媒體再現：三十年之意義與轉變〉，《中華傳播學刊》，34：209-252。
孫秀蕙（1993），〈關於沈默螺旋的一場筆戰-淺談意識型態與理論建構的關係〉，《新聞學研究》，47：107-115
孫秀蕙（1994），〈民意理論中的「死硬派」之研究-以「興建核四廠」議題為例〉，《新聞學研究》，49：157-190。
徐士傑、邱兆民、洪郁雯、陳儷慧（2013）。〈影響個人提供線上社會支持因子之探討：以PTT癌症板為例〉，《中山管理評論》21(3):511-544。
徐美苓（2019）。〈風險感知、價值觀、議題傳播及空污防制行為意向〉，《新聞學研究》，138：25-74。
翁秀琪（1990），〈民意與大眾傳播研究的結合－諾爾紐曼和她的「沉默的螺旋」理論〉，《新聞學研究》，42：71-101。
翁秀琪（1997）。〈選民的意見形成-以民國八十二年臺北縣縣長選舉為例檢驗「沉默螺旋理論」〉，《新聞學研究》55：160-182。
馬偉雲（2020）。https://ascdc.sinica.edu.tw/single_project_page.jsp?projectId=486
盛治仁（2004）。〈媒體、民調和議題－談競選過程中民意的變動性與穩定性〉，《選舉與研究》11(1)：73-98。
郭文平（2015）。〈字彙實踐及媒體再現：語料庫分析方法在總體經濟新聞文本分析運用研究〉，《新聞學研究》，125：95-142。
郭貞（2015）。〈We b 2.0時代臺灣消費者購物模式的轉變：檢驗AISAS網路消費模式〉，《中華傳播學刊》，27：139-165。
陳世敏（1991）。〈民意調查與臺灣的民主化：以施政滿意程度和公眾人物的聲望調查為例〉，《新聞學研究》(45)：101-118。
曾虛白（1969）。〈民意測量質量之辯〉，《新聞學研究》，4：1-5。
黃厚銘編（2016）。《婉君你好嗎？給覺醒鄉民的PTT進化史》。台北：群學。
黃哲斌（2015）。〈記者抄Facebook？這樣抄才有學問〉，《天下雜誌》，588期。取自https://www.cw.com.tw/article/5073412
楊孝濚（1979）。《傳播社會學》，臺北：臺灣商務印書館。
楊意菁，2004，〈民意與公共性：批判解讀臺灣電視談話節目〉，台北：《新聞學研究》，79:1-47。
楊意菁（2005）。〈民調報導的媒體論述與民意建構：一個批判論述語言的觀點.〉，《中華傳播學刊》，(7): 183-226。
楊意菁（2013）。〈網路意見的新聞再現與公眾想像：「網友說」新聞的內容與論述分析〉，《中華傳播學刊》， 24:119-164。
楊意菁（2021）。〈企業責任與環境風險溝通：企業網站環境訊息內容與修辭語藝分析〉，《資訊社會研究》，40，59-98。
廖春閔（2018）。應用集合視覺化之社群網路使用者交集活動探索與分析工具。國立政治大學資訊科學系碩士論文，台北。
網路溫度計（2018）。〈PTT遭控是關西假新聞源頭？懶人包秒懂：消息為何越錯越離譜〉，截取自：https://dailyview.tw/popular/detail/2722
趙玉娟、陶振超（2018）。〈政治網路口碑的情感分析：語意關連性之觀點〉，《傳播研究與實踐》，8：75-107。劉正山（2016）。〈政治學中建立厚資料傳統的契機與挑戰〉，《中國政治學會年會》，東華大學。
劉致賢（2019）。〈初探厚資料與中國大陸政治經濟現象：以國有企業部門為例〉，《問題與研究》，58(2)：1-28。
劉嘉薇（2017），〈網路統獨的聲量研究：大數據的分析〉，《政治科學論叢》，71：113-166。
劉嘉薇（2022），〈民粹主義在臺灣？網路大數據分析〉，《臺灣政治學刊》，26(2)：65-126。
劉慧雯（2017）。〈建構「倫理閱聽人」：試論社群媒體使用者的理論意涵〉，《新聞學研究》， 131：87-125。
劉慧雯（2018）。〈以數據方法考察Facebook上的「公開分享」：以懶人時報在學運期間的貼文為例〉，《傳播研究與實踐》，8（1）：183-217。
鄧志松、周嘉辰（2020）。〈「西岸效應」與策略性投票？2018年臺北市市長選舉的空間分析〉，《選舉研究》，27(2)：99-126。
鄭宇君（2014）。〈向運算轉：新媒體研究與資訊技術結合的契機與挑戰〉，《傳播研究與實踐》，4(1):67-83。
鄭宇君（2017）。〈探討社交媒體事件之浮現邏輯：一個融合STS與傳播研究取徑之嘗試〉，《中華傳播學刊》，32:129-164。
鄭芳婷（2016）。〈數位離散與酷兒想像：以拉板、彩虹山莊及Queerology為例〉，《考古人類學刊》，85：51-82。
闕河嘉（2018）。〈庫博中文語料庫分析工具的數位人文價值〉，《人文與社會科學簡訊》，19(2): 118-123。
魏宏晉（2008）。《民意與輿論》。臺北市：臺灣商務印書館。
Aijmer, K. (2018). 22. Corpus pragmatics: From form to function. In Methods in pragmatics (pp. 555-586). De Gruyter Mouton.
Aijmer, K., & Rühlemann, C. (Eds.). (2015). Corpus pragmatics. Cambridge University Press.
Alles, M., & Vasarhelyi, M. A. (2014). Thick data: adding context to big data to enhance auditability. International Journal of Auditing Technology, 2(2), 95-108.
Arndt, J. (1968). Selective processes in word of mouth. Journal of Advertising Research, 8(3), 19-22.
Baker, P., Gabrielatos, C., Khosravinik, M., Krzyżanowski, M., McEnery, T., & Wodak, R. (2008). A useful methodological synergy? Combining critical discourse analysis and corpus linguistics to examine discourses of refugees and asylum seekers in the UK press. Discourse & society, 19(3), 273-306.
Bauer, R. A. (1960). Consumer Behavior as Risk Taking. Risk Taking and Information Handling in Consumer Behavior. D. F. Cox. Cambridge, Mass, Harvard University Press. pp. 389-398.
Bennett, W. L., Segerberg, A., & Yang, Y. (2018). The strength of peripheral networks: Negotiating attention and meaning in complex media ecologies. Journal of Communication, 68(4), 659-684.
Berlo, D. K. (1960). Process of Communication: An Introduction to Theory and Practice. NewYork: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Berry, D. M. (2011). The computational turn: Thinking about the digital humanities. Culture machine, 12.
Broadbent, D. E. (1958). Perception and Communication. New York: Pergamon Press.
Brossard, D. (2013). New media landscapes and the science information consumer. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(3), 14096-14101.
Buozis, M. (2019). Doxing or deliberative democracy? Evidence and digital affordances in the Serial subReddit. Convergence, 25(3), 357-373.
Burrows, R. (2009) ‘Afterword: Urban Informatics and Social Ontology’, in M. Foth (ed.) Handbook of Research on Urban Informatics, pp. 450–4. Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference.
Cadwalladr, C., & Graham-Harrison, E. (2018). Revealed: 50 million Facebook profiles harvested for Cambridge Analytica in major data breach. The guardian, 17(1), 22.
Ch, S. (1969). Social benefit versus technological risk. Science, 165(3899), 1232-1238.
Cohen, J., & Tsfati, Y. (2009). The influence of presumed media influence on strategic voting. Communication Research, 36(3), 359-378.
Dai, Y., Van Der Heide, B., Mason, A. J., & Shin, S. Y. (2019). The wisdom of the crowd versus the wisdom in the crowd: Testing the effects of aggregate user representation, valence, and argument strength on attitude formation in online reviews. International Journal of Communication, 13, 24.
Davis, J. L., & Graham, T. (2021). Emotional consequences and attention rewards: the social effects of ratings on Reddit. Information, Communication & Society, 24(5), 649-666.
Davison, W. P. (1983). The third-person effect in communication. Public opinion quarterly, 47(1), 1-15.
Éamonn Kennedy (2020). How Storyful Intelligence Approaches Data Analysis. Storyful. Retrieved from: https://storyful.com/blog/intelligence/storyful-intelligence-data-analysis/
Farr, F., Murphy, B., & O’Keeffe, A. (2004). The Limerick corpus of Irish English: Design, description and application.
Geertz, C. (1973). Thick description: Toward an interprettive theory of culture. In The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays (First Edition edition, pp. 3–30). New York: Basic Books.
Gelb, B. D., & Sundaram, S. (2002). Adapting to “word of mouse”. Business Horizons, 45(4), 21-25.
Gibson, J. J. (1978). The ecological approach to the visual perception of pictures. Leonardo, 11(3), 227-235.
Glynn, C. J., Ostman, R. E., & McDonald, D. G. (1995). Opinions, perception, and social reality. Public opinion and the communication of consent, 249-277.
Glynn, C. J., & Park, E. (1997). Reference groups, opinion intensity, and public opinion expression. International journal of public opinion research, 9(3), 213-232.
Gonzenbach, W. J., King, C., & Jablonski, P. (1999). Homosexuals and the military: An analysis of the spiral of silence. Howard Journal of Communication, 10(4), 281-296.
Gonzenbach, W. J., King, C., & Jablonski, P. (1999). Homosexuals and the military: An analysis of the spiral of silence. Howard Journal of Communication, 10(4), 281-296.
Griffin, R. J., Dunwoody, S., & Neuwirth, K. (1999). Proposed model of the relationship of risk information seeking and processing to the development of preventive behaviors. Environmental research, 80(2), S230-S245.
Hawkins, D. I., Best, R. J., & Coney, K. A. (1992). Consumer Behavior: Implications for Marketing Strategy. Homewood, Ill.: Richard D. Irwin.
Ho, S. S., & McLeod, D. M. (2008). Social-psychological influences on opinion expression in face-to-face and computer-mediated communication. Communication research, 35(2), 190-207.
Hutchens, M. J., Hmielowski, J. D., Beam, M. A., & Romanova, E. (2021). Trust over use: Examining the roles of media use and media trust on misperceptions in the 2016 US presidential election. Mass Communication and Society, 24(5), 701-724.
Ingram, M. (2022). Facebook’s new data-sharing plans raise old concerns. Columbia Journalism Review. Retrieved from:
https://www.cjr.org/the_media_today/facebooks-new-data-sharing-plans-raise-old-concerns.php
Jeffres, L. W., Neuendorf, K. A., & Atkin, D. (1999). Spirals of silence: Expressing opinions when the climate of opinion is unambiguous. Political Communication, 16(2), 115-131.
Johansen, S. H. (2019). Exploring the use of probes in a corpus pragmatic study of hedging strategies. Nordic Journal of English Studies, 18(1).
Joinson, A. N. (2001). Self‐disclosure in computer‐mediated communication: The role of self‐awareness and visual anonymity. European journal of social psychology, 31(2), 177-192.
Jucker, Andreas H (2018). Data in pragmatic research. In: Jucker, Andreas H; Schneider, Klaus P; Bublitz, Wolfram. Methods in Pragmatics. Berlin: De Gruyter, 3-36.
Kasperson, R.E., Renn, O., Slovic, P., Brown, H.S., Emel, J., Goble, R., Kasperson, J.X. and Ratick, S. (1988), The Social Amplification of Risk: A Conceptual Framework. Risk Analysis, 8: 177-187.
Katz, C., & Baldassare, M. (1992). Using the” L-word” in public: A test of the spiral of silence in conservative Orange County, California. The Public Opinion Quarterly, 56(2), 232-235.
Katz, E., & Lazarsfeld, P. F. (2017). Personal influence: The part played by people in the flow of mass communications. Routledge.
Knobloch-Westerwick, S., Sharma, N., Hansen, D. L., & Alter, S. (2005). Impact of popularity indications on readers’ selective exposure to online news. Journal of broadcasting & electronic media, 49(3), 296-313.
Kramer, A. D., Guillory, J. E., & Hancock, J. T. (2014). Experimental evidence of massive-scale emotional contagion through social networks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(24), 8788-8790.
Latzko-Toth, G., Bonneau, C., & Millette, M. (2017). Small data, thick data: Thickening strategies for trace-based social media research. The SAGE handbook of social media research methods, 199-214.
Leavitt, A., & Robinson, J. J. (2017, February). The role of information visibility in network gatekeeping: Information aggregation on Reddit during crisis events. In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM conference on computer supported cooperative work and social computing (pp. 1246-1261).
Lee, E. J. (2010). The Effect of Quasi Social Cue on Web Site Evaluation: Social Presence and Social Support Approach. ACR North American Advances.
Lee, B., Lancendorfer, K. M., & Lee, K. J. (2005). Agenda-setting and the Internet: The intermedia influence of Internet bulletin boards on newspaper coverage of the 2000 general election in South Korea. Asian Journal of Communication, 15(1), 57-71.
Lippmann, W. (1922). Public opinion. New York: Macmillan
McCombs, M. (2005). A look at agenda-setting: Past, present and future. Journalism studies, 6(4), 543-557.
McCombs, M. E., & Shaw, D. L. (1972). The agenda-setting function of mass media. Public opinion quarterly, 36(2), 176-187.
McDevitt, M., Kiousis, S., & Wahl-Jorgensen, K. (2003). Spiral of moderation: Opinion expression in computer-mediated discussion. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 15(4), 454-470.
Morris, C. W. (1938). Foundations of the Theory of Signs. In International encyclopedia of unified science (pp. 1-59). Chicago University Press.
Moy, P., Domke, D. S., & Stamm, K. (1999). The spiral of silence and affirmative action: The case of Washington’s Initiative 200. Predstavljen referat na konferenci AAPOR, St. Petersburg, FL.
Neisser, U. (1967). Cognitive psychology. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Neubaum, G., & Krämer, N. C. (2017). Monitoring the opinion of the crowd: Psychological mechanisms underlying public opinion perceptions on social media. Media psychology, 20(3), 502-531.
Neuwirth, K. (2000). Testing the spiral of silence model: The case of Mexico. International Journal of public opinion research, 12(2), 138-159.
Noelle-Neumann, E. (1973). Return to the concept of powerful mass media. Studies of broadcasting, 9(1), 67-112.
Noelle-Neumann, E.(1984). The Spiral of silence. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
O’Keeffe, A. (2018) “Corpus-based function-to-form approaches”. In A. H. Jucker, K. P. Schneider and W. Bublitz (Eds) Methods in Pragmatics. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 587 – 618.
Partington, A. (2006). Metaphors, motifs and similes across discourse types: Corpus-Assisted Discourse Studies (CADS) at work. Trends in linguistics studies and monographs, 171, 267.
Porten-Cheé, P., & Eilders, C. (2015). Spiral of silence online: How online communication affects opinion climate perception and opinion expression regarding the climate change debate. Studies in communication sciences, 15(1), 143-150.
Rieder, B. (2012). The refraction chamber: Twitter as sphere and network. First Monday, 17(11). Retrieved November 20, 2012, from https://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/4199/3359
Robertson, S. (2004). Understanding inverse document frequency: on theoretical arguments for IDF. Journal of documentation.
Robertson, S. E., & Jones, K. S. (1976). Relevance weighting of search terms. Journal of the American Society for Information science, 27(3), 129-146.
Rogers, E.M.(1983). Diffusion of Innovation. Free Press, New York.
Roselius, T. (1971). “Consumer Rankings of Risk Reduction Methods.” Journal of Marketing (35:1), pp. 56-61.
Salama, A. H. (2011). Ideological collocation and the recontexualization of Wahhabi-Saudi Islam post-9/11: A synergy of corpus linguistics and critical discourse analysis. Discourse & Society, 22(3), 315-342.
Sampei, Y., & Aoyagi-Usui, M. (2009). Mass-media coverage, its influence on public awareness of climate-change issues, and implications for Japan’s national campaign to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Global environmental change, 19(2), 203-212.
Scott, M. (2010). Problems in investigating keyness, or clearing the undergrowth and marking out trails...–Marina Bondi & Mike Scott (toim.), Keyness in texts s. 43–57. Studies in Corpus Linguistics, 41.
Silverman, G. (1997). How to harness the awesome power of word of mouth. DIRECT MARKETING-GARDEN CITY-, 60, 32-37.
Slovic, P., Fischhoff, B., & Lichtenstein, S. (1982). Why study risk perception?. Risk analysis, 2(2), 83-93.
Solomon, G. (2003). Project-based learning: A primer. Technology and learning-dayton-, 23(6), 20-20.
Starr, C. (1969). Social benefit versus technological risk: what is our society willing to pay for safety?. Science, 165(3899), 1232-1238.
Suler, J. (2004). The online disinhibition effect. Cyberpsychology & behavior, 7(3), 321-326.
Taavitsainen, I., & Jucker, A. H. (2015). Twenty years of historical pragmatics: Origins, developments and changing thought styles. Journal of Historical Pragmatics, 16(1), 1-24.
Taylor, C. (2013). Searching for similarity using corpus-assisted discourse studies. Corpora, 8(1), 81-113.
Tognini-Bonelli, E. (2001). Corpus linguistics at work. Corpus Linguistics at Work, 1-236.
Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1974). Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases: Biases in judgments reveal some heuristics of thinking under uncertainty. science, 185(4157), 1124-1131.
Walther, J. B., & Jang, J. W. (2012). Communication processes in participatory websites. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 18(1), 2-15.
Wang, T. (2016, January 20) ‘Why Big Data Needs Thick Data’, Ethnography Matters (Medium channel) (https://medium.com/ethnography-matters/why-big-data-needs-thick-datab4b3e75e3d7#.y9plmare1
Weninger, T., Johnston, T. J., & Glenski, M. (2015). Random voting effects in social-digital spaces: A case study of Reddit post submissions [Paper presentation]. Proceedings of the 26th ACM conference on hypertext & social media.
Westbrook, R. A. (1987). Product/consumption-based affective responses and postpurchase processes. Journal of marketing research, 24(3), 258-270.
Wynne, B. (1996). May the sheep safely graze? A reflexive view of the expert-lay knowledge divide. Risk, environment and modernity: Towards a new ecology, 40, 44.
Zerback, T., & Fawzi, N. (2017). Can online exemplars trigger a spiral of silence? Examining the effects of exemplar opinions on perceptions of public opinion and speaking out. New Media & Society, 19(7), 1034-1051. |
| Description: | 博士
國立政治大學
傳播學院博士班
105463502 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0105463502 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | [傳播博士班] 學位論文
|
Files in This Item:
| File |
Description |
Size | Format | |
|---|
| 350201.pdf | | 5839Kb | Adobe PDF | 1 | View/Open |
|
All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.
|
