Loading...
|
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/152625
|
| Title: | 會員招募策略: 國民黨與民進黨的組織結構
Recruitment strategies: The organizational structure of the DPP and the KMT |
| Authors: | 孔皓霏
Cohausz, Fee-Sofie |
| Contributors: | 南樂
Nachman, Lev
孔皓霏
Fee-Sofie Cohausz |
| Keywords: | 政黨
組織結構
會員招募
國民黨
民進黨
Political parties
Organizational structure
Member recruitment
KMT
DPP |
| Date: | 2024 |
| Issue Date: | 2024-08-05 12:59:49 (UTC+8) |
| Abstract: | 本文分析了台灣兩大政黨國民黨和民進黨的組織結構，特別關注其招募策略。研究的重點是探討政黨在成員招募方面的結構，以及各自的組織架構是否存在任何有意義的差異或相似之處。為了回答這個問題，我透過訪談和查閱政策文件進行了質性研究。調查結果顯示，除了黨內選舉的情況外，兩黨都認為議員不相關。造成這種情況的因素包括台灣社會不願被貼上標籤，以及政黨發展出正式黨員以外的其他聯繫方式。第二個相似之處是，選區人口統計對於確定候選人接觸潛在新成員的確切策略至關重要。由於兩黨地域分佈複雜，且地方政治人物相對獨立，似乎缺乏整體策略。
就差異而言，由於台灣的獨裁時期和隨後的民主化，意識形態和與官方黨組織之外的協會或組織的密切關係尤為突出。
This paper analyzes the organizational structure of Taiwan’s two major political parties, the KMT and DPP, focusing specifically on recruitment strategies. The research focused on how the parties are structured in terms of membership recruitment and whether there are any meaningful differences or similarities in their respective organizational structure. To answer this question, I conducted qualitative research in the form of interviews and reviewing policy documents. The findings show that the two parties view members as not relevant, except for the case of intra-party elections. Factors that led to this situation are a reluctance among Taiwanese society of being labeled, which caused the parties to develop other ways of affiliation beyond formal membership. A second similarity is the fact that the constituency demographic matters most in determining the exact strategy that a candidate would use for reaching out to potential new members. Due to the elaborate geographical distribution of both parties, and the relative independence of the local politicians, there seems to be a lack of an overall strategy. In terms of variation, the aspect of ideology and closeness to associations or organizations outside of the official party organization stood out, both because of Taiwan’s authoritarian period and subsequent democratization. |
| Reference: | Almond, G. A. (1960). A functional approach to comparative politics. In G. A. Almond & J.
S. Coleman (Eds.), The Politics of the Developing Areas (pp. 3–64). Princeton
University Press.
Basedau, M., & Stroh, A. (2008). Measuring Party Institutionalization in Developing
Countries: A New Research Instrument Applied to 28 African Political Parties
(Working Paper N. 69/2008). GIGA Research Programme: Legitimacy and Efficiency
of Political Systems. https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/48121/wp69.pdf
Batto, N. F., & Huang, H. (2016). Executive Competition, Electoral Rules, and Faction
Systems in Taiwan. In N. F. Batto, C. Huang, A. T. Tan, & G. W. Cox (Eds.),
Mixed-member electoral systems in constitutional context: Taiwan, Japan and beyond
(pp. 102–134). University of Michigan Press.
https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/50675/external_content.pdf?s
equence=1#page=114
Biezen, I. van, & Pugunktke, T. (2014). The decline of membership-based politics. Party
Politics, 20(2), 205–216. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068813519969
Bolleyer, N. (2011). New party organization in Western Europe: Of party hierarchies,
stratarchies and federations. Party Politics, 18(3), 315–336.
https://doi.org/doi:10.1177/1354068810382939
Borz, G., & Janda, K. (2020). Contemporary trends in party organization: Revisiting
intra-party democracy. Party Politics, 26(1), 3–8.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068818754605
Central Election Commission. (2024). Introduction to the electoral system. Executive Yuan.
https://www.ey.gov.tw/state/62879155A536D543/c78552af-72f4-45ef-bb89-a044cf2f
3f1c
Chang, B. (2024). The KMT “lightens the organization” and establishes a digital party
headquarters [國民黨「組織輕量化」設數位黨部].
https://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E9%BB%A8-%E7%B5%8
4%E7%B9%94%E8%BC%95%E9%87%8F%E5%8C%96-%E8%A8%AD%E6%95
%B8%E4%BD%8D%E9%BB%A8%E9%83%A8-082152983.html?guccounter=1
Chen, C., Chen, C., & Huan, H. (2005). Research on political party organizational changes
and organizational positioning adjustments- Taking the Kuomintang as a case [政黨組織變革與組織定位調整之研究－以中國國民黨為案例]. Public Administration & Policy, 41, 81–114.
Chen, H. -m. (2013). Party Transformation Toward “Election Machine” and the
Construction of Its Relationship with Government: The Experience of KMT
(2000~2012). Taiwanese Political Science Review, 17(2).
https://www.tpsr.tw/zh-hant/node/1188
Chen, H.-m. (2015). 黨主席選舉競爭與政黨組織定位：以民主進步黨為例之研究
[Competition over Party Chairmanship and the Types of Party Organization: A Case
Study of the Democratic Progressive Party]. 政治科學論叢, 91–127.
Chen, M.-f. (2017). DPP enacts new law to recover pensions from retired KMT public
officials. Radio France Internationale.
https://www.rfi.fr/tw/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB/20170426-%E6%B0%91%E9%80%B2%E9%BB%A8%E7%AB%8B%E6%96%B0%E6%B3%95%E5%90%91%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E9%BB%A8%E9%80%80%E4%BC%91%E5%85%AC%E8%81%B7%E4%BA%BA%E5%93%A1%E8%BF%BD%E8%A8%8E%E9%BB%A8%E8%81%B7%E5%B9%B4%E8%B3%87%E7%9A%84%E9%80%80%E4%BC%91%E9%87%91
Civil Associations Act, Ministry of Interior (2023).
https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=D0050091
Constitution of the Chinese Kuomintang [中國國民黨黨章]. (2021). Kuomintang.
http://www.kmt.org.tw/2022/03/blog-post_55.html
Constitution of the Democratic Progressive Party. (2019). DPP.
https://web.archive.org/web/20220521162002/https://www.dpp.org.tw/upload/downlo
ad/%E9%BB%A8%E7%AB%A0.pdf
Constitution of the Youth League of the Chinese Kuomintang [中國國民黨青年團章程].
(06/05/2007). Kuomintang. http://www.kmt.org.tw/2009/06/blog-post.html
Cross, W. (2016). Understanding Power-Sharing within Political Parties: Stratarchy as
Mutual Interdependence between the Party in the Centre and the Party on the
Ground. Government and Opposition, 53(2), 205–230.
https://doi.org/doi:10.1017/gov.2016.22
Cross, W. P. & Richard S. Katz (Eds.). (2013). The challenges of intra-party democracy (1st
ed.). Oxford University Press.
https://books.google.com.tw/books?hl=en&lr=&id=lUhoAgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=P
P1&dq=Cross+and+Katz+2013&ots=UmNI_o8gfj&sig=dekWY1dBzDgrjzPcfNs_pd
coRXk&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Cross%20and%20Katz%202013&f=false
de Roon, C. (2020). Party youth wing membership in the Netherlands: The role of
organization-level characteristics. Acta Polit, 55, 629–647.
https://doi.org/10.1057/s41269-019-00135-6
DPP. (n.d.). About the Democratic Progressive Party [DPP Official Website]. Retrieved June
4, 2024, from https://www.dpp.org.tw/download
Düpont, N., Kavasoglu, Y. B., Lührmann, A., & Reuter, O. J. (2022). A global perspective on
party organizations. Validating the Varieties of Party Identity and Organization Dataset
(V-Party). Electoral Studies, 75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2021.102423
Duverger, M. (1954). Political Parties: Their organization and activity in the modern state.
Ezrow, N. M. (2011). The importance of parties and party systems—Institutionalization in new
democracies (Briefing Paper IDCR-BP-06/11). Institute for Democracy & Conflict
Resolution. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/9590212.pdf
Fell, D. (2005). Measuring and Explaining Party Change in Taiwan: 1991–2004. Journal of
East Asian Studies, 5(1), 105–133. https://doi.org/doi:10.1017/S1598240800006275
Fell, D. (2018). Taiwan’s political parties in the aftermath of the 2016 elections. In A New
Era in Democratic Taiwan (1st ed.). Routledge.
https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315161648-4/taiwan-politic
al-parties-aftermath-2016-elections-dafydd-fell
Financial Statements of the DPP. (2022). Ministry of the Interior.
https://party.moi.gov.tw/PartyFinancialChecklistContent.aspx?n=16101&sms=13073
&s=31&fs=2121
Financial Statements of the KMT. (2022). Ministry of the Interior.
https://party.moi.gov.tw/PartyFinancialChecklistContent.aspx?n=16101&sms=13073
&s=2&fs=2120
First National Congress of the Republic of China. (1924). Constitution of the Chinese
Kuomintang [中國國民黨黨章]. Chinese Kuomintang.
https://www.kmt.org.tw/2022/03/blog-post_55.html
George, A. L., & Bennett, A. (2005). Case Studies and Theory Development in the Social
Sciences. MIT Press.
https://books.google.com.tw/books?hl=en&lr=&id=JEGzE6ExN-gC&oi=fnd&pg=PR
9&dq=Case+Studies+and+Theory+Development+in+the+Social+Sciences.&ots=HO-
k4bp8Wt&sig=iZR3czPLXvt7OnulpdM8VGBC5EY&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=C
ase%20Studies%20and%20Theory%20Development%20in%20the%20Social%20Sci
ences.&f=false
Gherghina, N., Iancu, A., & Soare, S. (2018). Party membership and its conceptualization in
democratizing European countries. In Party Members and Their Importance in
Non-EU Countries (p. 20). Routledge.
Gomez, R., Ramiro, L., Morales, L., & Aja, J. (2019). Joining the party: Incentives and
motivations of members and registered sympathizers in contemporary multi-speed
membership parties. Party Politics, 1–12.
Haughton, T., & Deegan-Krause, K. (2020). The new party challenge: Changing cycles of
party birth and death in Central Europe and beyond. Oxford University Press.
Ho, M., & Huang, C. (2017). Movement Parties in Taiwan, 1987–2016 A Political
Opportunity Explanation. Asian Survey, 57(2), 343–367.
Hsiao, Y., Cheng, S., & Achen, C. H. (2017). Political Left and Right in Taiwan. In C. H.
Achen & T. Y. Wang (Eds.), The Taiwan Voter (pp. 198–222). University of Michigan
Press. https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvndv9z7.12?seq=1
Hsu, Y.-M., & Chen, H.-C. (2007). Intra-party Factional Competition and the Fate of the
Party Election： A Case Study of the Democratic Progressive Party. Taiwanese
Journal of Political Science, 31. https://politics.ntu.edu.tw/psr/?post_type=english&p=804
Husted, E., Moufahim, M., & Fredriksson, M. (2022). Political Parties and Organization
Studies: The Party as a Critical Case of Organizing. Organization Studies, 43(8),
1327–1341. https://doi.org/10.1177/01708406211010979
Junaidi, J. (2019). Recruitment/Regeneration Function of Political Party in Indonesian Local
Elections. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 442.
https://www.atlantis-press.com/article/125941059.pdf
Kang, Z. (2024). The KMT establishes a new digital party department and a new veterans
department [國民黨組織調整新設數位黨部 組發會新增退伍軍人部]. China Daily
News. https://www.cdns.com.tw/articles/971096
Karasimeonov, G. (Ed.). (2005). Organizational structures and internal party democracy in
South Eastern Europe. Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Institute for Political and Legal
Studies. https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/sofia/05506.pdf
Katz, R. S., & Mair, P. (1995). Changing Models of Party Organization and Party
Democracy: The Emergence of the Cartel Party. Party Politics, 1(1), 5–28.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068895001001001
Kirchheimer, O. (1966). The Transformation of the West European Party System. In J. La
Palombara & M. Weiner (Eds.), Political Parties and Political Development. Princeton
University Press.
Kitschelt, H., & Kselman, D. M. (2010). The Organizational Foundations of Democratic
Accountability: Organizational Form and the Choice of Electoral Linkage Strategy.
APSA 2010. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1671548
KMT. (n.d.). Party Organization [Kuomintang Official Website]. Retrieved June 4, 2024,
from https://www1.kmt.org.tw/english/page.aspx?type=para&mnum=107
Kneuer, M., & Lauth, H. J. (2015). Parteien und Parteiensysteme in der Vergleichenden
Politikwissenschaft. In H. J. Lauth, M. Kneuer, & G. Pickel (Eds.), Handbuch
Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft. Springer VS.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-02993-7_34-1
Laws and regulations on party member management [黨員管理類全部法規 ]. (1987).
https://www.dpp.org.tw/upload/download/B%E9%A1%9E%E5%85%A8%E9%83%
A8%E6%B3%95%E8%A6%8F.pdf
Lewis, P. G. (1996). Party Structure and Organization in East-Central Europe. Edward Elgar
Publishing Limited.
https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=Hb-ttMP4NPAC&printsec=frontcover#v=one
page&q&f=false
Li, Y. (2017). The “Political Party Law” to liberalize the 30-year ban on political parties
passed the third reading. Formosa. http://www.my-formosa.com/DOC_125057.htm
Lifting Martial Law in Taiwan (1987).
https://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=A0000016
Looney, K. E. (Ed.). (2020). Rural Development in Taiwan, 1950s-1970s. In Mobilizing for
Development: The Modernization of Rural East Asia. Cornell University Press.
Lu, Y. (2013). Democratic Progressive Party’s Factionalism: 2000-2008 [PhD, Chinese
Culture University].
https://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/gsweb.cgi/ccd=cS5Kga/record?r1=7&h1=1
Mair, P., & Katz, R. S. (1993). The Evolution of Party Organizations in Europe: The Three
Faces of Party Organization. The American Review of Politics, 14, 593–617.
Measures for Qualification Recognition of Youth League Members of the Chinese
Kuomintang [中國國民黨青年團團員資格認定辦法]. (2007). KMT.
http://www.kmt.org.tw/2009/06/blog-post_5.html
Nachman, L. (2023). Routine Problems: Movement Party Institutionalization and the Case of
Taiwan’s New Power Party. St Comp Int Dev, 58, 537–556.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12116-023-09388-x
Organizational Measures of the Youth League Branch (Branch) of the Chinese Kuomintang
[中國國民黨青年團支（分）團組織辦法]. (2007). KMT. http://www.kmt.org.tw/2009/06/blog-post_88.html
Organizational Regulations of Municipal and County (City) Committees of the Chinese
Kuomintang [中國國民黨直轄市、縣(市)委員會組織規程]. (n.d.). KMT.
Retrieved March 15, 2024, from http://www.kmt.org.tw/2017/09/blog-post_92.html
Organizational Rules and Regulations of the Kuomintang District Branch Committee of
China [中國國民黨區分部委員會組織規程]. (2007). KMT.
http://www.kmt.org.tw/2009/01/blog-post_68.html
Organizational types [組織類]. (1987). DPP.
https://www.dpp.org.tw/upload/download/A%E9%A1%9E%E5%85%A8%E9%83%
A8%E6%B3%95%E8%A6%8F-%E5%BB%A2%E6%AD%A2A22.pdf
Panebianco, A. (1988). Political Parties: Organization and Power (M. Silver, Trans.).
Cambridge University Press.
https://books.google.com.tw/books?hl=en&lr=&id=xC44AAAAIAAJ&oi=fnd&pg=P
R10&dq=Political+Parties:+Organization+and+Power+panebianco&ots=wnlSnMnCS
0&sig=hfBxxKWTDruEBEqIgC2hJW-ad7E&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Political%
20Parties%3A%20Organization%20and%20Power%20panebianco&f=false
Parties and Candidates. (2012). ACE Electoral Knowledge Network.
https://aceproject.org/ace-en/topics/pc/pcb/pcb05/default
Poguntke, T. (2002). Party Organizational Linkage: Parties without firm social roots? In K. R.
Luther & F. Müller-Rommel (Eds.), Political Parties in the New Europe: Political and
Analytical Challenges (pp. 43–62). Oxford University Press.
https://books.google.com.tw/books?hl=en&lr=&id=82VjznPSX6kC&oi=fnd&pg=PA
43&dq=poguntke+1988+collateral+organizations&ots=lJlrcSghD3&sig=InHr9P9_k1
LE7ZeLXYGfFqpNzAI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=poguntke%201988%20collater
al%20organizations&f=false
Political Parties. (2022). Minstry of the Interior.
https://www.moi.gov.tw/english/cp.aspx?n=15733#:~:text=Since%20the%20abolition
%20of%20Marshall,allowed%20to%20be%20established%20liberally.
Political Parties Act, Ministry of Interior (2017).
https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=D0020078
Randall, V., & Svåsand, L. (2002). Party institutionaliztion in new democracies. Party Politics,
8(1), 5–29.
Rubinstein, M. A. (1993). The Other Taiwan, 1945-92 (1st ed.). Routledge.
Scarrow, S. E. (1996). Parties and their members: Organizing for victory in Britain and
Germany. Oxford University Press.
https://books.google.com.tw/books?hl=en&lr=&id=hygSDAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=
PR9&ots=uekDzXlsbG&sig=Ho2SwHHIYm4lL3xfEQ0WSys06Uw&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false
Scarrow, S. E. (2014). Beyond party members: Changing approaches to partisan mobilization.
Oxford University Press.
https://books.google.com.tw/books?hl=en&lr=&id=rrxPBQAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=P
P1&dq=info:aR2IWejRYjoJ:scholar.google.com&ots=fA-8nW6cpd&sig=DG9JbKIE
9wFoxeQW-vwCxeKdL38&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false
Schlesinger, J. A., & Schlesinger, M. S. (2006). Maurice Duverger and the Study of Political
Parties. French Politics, 4, 58–68.
Schlesinger, J. A. (1984). On the theory of party organization. The Journal of Politics, 46(2),
369–4--. https://doi.org/10.2307/2130967
Schonfeld, W. R. (1983). Political Parties: The Functional Approach and the Structural
Alternative. Comparative Politics, 15(4), 477–499. https://doi.org/10.2307/421854
Seligman, L. G. (1961). Political Recruitment and Party Structure: A Case Study. The
American Political Science Review, 55(1), 77–86. https://doi.org/10.2307/1976051
Service Measures for Party Affairs Staff of the Central Party Department. (n.d.). Retrieved
April 30, 2024, from
https://www.dpp.org.tw/upload/download/20171101134903_link.pdf
Seven departments of the Kuomintang adjust their organization to “lightweight”, retaining
Huang Fuxing’s name and retaining cadres [國民黨7部門調整組織「輕量化」 黃復
興名稱保留、幹部留用]. (2024). UDN. https://udn.com/news/story/6656/7812813
Sheng, S., & Liao, H. (2017). Issues, Political Cleavages, and Party Competition in Taiwan. In
C. H. Achen & T. Y. Wang (Eds.), The Taiwan Voter (pp. 98–138). University of
Michigan Press. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvndv9z7.8
Shih, Y.-T. (2016). Timing of Elections, Party Presidentialization, and Party System
Nationalization: A Case Study of the DPP (2008-2016) [Master’s thesis].
https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail/U0001-1508201614310300
Sierens, V., van Haute, E., & Paulis, E. (2021). Jumping on the Bandwagon? Explaining
fluctuations in party membership levels in Europe. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion
and Parties. https://doi.org/10.1080/17457289.2022.2080213
Strategizing Party Adaptation. (2006). Party Politics, 12(3), 367–394.
https://doi.org/doi:10.1177/1354068806063086
Sullivan, J. L., & Nachman, L. (2024). Taiwan: A Contested Democracy Under Threat.
Agenda Publishing.
Syu, J. (2012). The Comparative Study of Nominational Institution between KMT and DPP
in the “Single-District Two-Vote System”: The 7th and 8th Legislator Election
[Master thesis, National Taipei University].
https://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/gsweb.cgi?o=dnclcdr&s=id=%22100NTPU0610
039%22.&searchmode=basic#XXX
Tan, A. -c. (2002). The Transformation of the Kuomintang Party in Taiwan. Democratization,
9(3), 149–164. https://doi.org/doi:10.1080/714000268
Tang, J.-c. (2017). A Study on the Recruitment Pipeline of a Political Party [National Sun
Yat-sen University].
https://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/gsweb.cgi/ccd=cS5Kga/record?r1=2&h1=3#XX
X
Vittori, D. (2019). Membership and members’ participation in new digital parties: Bring back
the people? Comparative European Politics. https://doi.org/10.1057/s4129 5-019-
00201-5
Weber, M. (1980). Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft: Grundriss der verstehenden Soziologie
[Economy and Society: An outline of interpretive sociology] (5th ed.). J.C.B. Mohr.
https://books.google.de/books?id=RWK_6TKVENcC&printsec=frontcover&hl=de#v
=onepage&q&f=false
Wiesendahl, E. (2006). Mitgliederparteien am Ende? Eine Kritik der Niedergangsdiskussion.
[Are member parties at an end? A critique of the discussion on their decline.]
VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.
Wiesendahl, E. (2013). Parteien und Demokratie: Eine soziologische Analyse
paradigmatischer Ansätze der Parteienforschung [Parties and democracy: A
sociological analysis of paradigmatic approaches to party research]. VS Verlag für
Sozialwissenschaften.
https://www.google.com.tw/books/edition/Parteien_und_Demokratie/EL7wBgAAQB
AJ?hl=en&gbpv=0
Wolinetz, S. B. (2002). Beyond the Catch-All Party: Approaches to the Study of Parties and
Party Organization in Contemporary Democracies. In R. Gunther, J. Ramón-Montero,
& J. J. Linz (Eds.), Political Parties: Old Concepts and New Challenges (pp.
136–165). Oxford University Press.
https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=VYOnrKvjlaoC&printsec=frontcover#v=onep
age&q&f=false
Wong, J. (2008). Maintaining KMT dominance: Party adaptation in authoritarian and
democratic Taiwan. In Political Transitions in Dominant Party Systems: Learning to
Lose (1st ed.). Routledge.
Ye, S. (2024). Local chairman of the DPP announced that the factional battleground will be
moved to the National Congress in July [民進黨地方主委出爐 派系戰場移至7月全
代會]. CNA. https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aipl/202405260213.aspx
Yu, C. (2017). Parties, Partisans, and Independents in Taiwan. In C. H. Achen & T. Y. Wang
(Eds.), The Taiwan voter (pp. 71–97). University of Michigan Press.
https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/24046/1006087.pdf?sequence=1#page=109
黨員權益與義務 [Rights and obligations of party members]. (n.d.). KMT. Retrieved March
14, 2024, from https://vmj.kmt.org.tw/Page1.htm |
| Description: | 碩士
國立政治大學
亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS)
110926013 |
| Source URI: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0110926013 |
| Data Type: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | [International Program in Asia-Pacific Studies\n(IMAS/IDAS)] 學位論文
|
Files in This Item:
| File |
Description |
Size | Format | |
|---|
| 601301.pdf | | 953Kb | Adobe PDF | 0 | View/Open |
|
All items in 政大典藏 are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved.
|
